 So this presentation will spotlight the challenges and opportunities with the passive voice in the theme of the conference, the earth will be renewed. And I've also changed the subtitle to challenges and opportunities with the passive voice originally it was problems with the passive voice. For reasons that I hope will become evident over the course of the presentation. So for those who may be unfamiliar, the phrase the earth will be renewed comes from the points of faith that Joseph Smith wrote to John Wentworth, the editor of the Chicago Democrat, now known as the Wentworth letter. And he closed the letter with 13 points of faith that have come to be known as the Articles of Faith. And this article, the 10th article of faith in its entirety reads, we believe in the literal gathering of Israel and in the restoration of the 10 tribes that Zion the new Jerusalem will be built upon the American continent that Christ will reign personally upon the earth and that the earth will be renewed and receive its heritage cycle glory. If you've taken a college writing course and this may even be covered in high school English now, you're familiar with the recommendation to avoid the passive voice. While the passive voice is not a grammatical error. It can be a signal of clumsy writing that hides the agent. So you can see the examples here the cat sat on the mat is the active voice the mat was sat on is the passive voice. And problems with the passive voice that your writing teachers will tell you include that it hides the identity of the agents doing the action. And it's often long it's indirect and impersonal, and it feels evasive. But the passive voice is your friend when the thing receiving an action is the important part of the sentence in our example. It's not just any old planet that will be renewed. The earth will be renewed. And one obvious thing you can do with the passive but not the active voice is to omit the agent and this is handy if the agent is unknown irrelevant to obvious or too contentious to mention. And importantly the passive voice neither names agents nor precludes any possible agent. The article of faith is that the earth will be renewed but we're not told who will renew it and no one is excluded either. It's a statement that should spark our imagination for an earth vastly improved from the status quo, but there's no roadmap for getting there, and there's no responsible party listed. This is a good thing. Whatever answers Joseph might have given for the agents and methods at that time probably would either not resonate with his contemporary audience, or not age well, or both. So this presentation I'm going to be navigating between three approaches to renewing the earth arguing for different agents and approaches. And the three will be that the earth will be renewed by God. The earth will be renewed by who knows who but we can make the world better. And the earth will be renewed by humans and or our descendants in all three scenarios. We shouldn't lose sight that we're building a bridge toward the future. We can't help but do so and important questions for all these scenarios are with this approach what sort of future earth are we working toward and what sort of future humanity are we cultivating. So let's start with scenario one the earth will be renewed by God. This views that the earth will be renewed and God will do the renewing. This view transforms faith into patience for the time God will do his work. God is in charge and we are at fault to suppose that we can harm or help earth's renewal. Here are a couple statements that capture this sentiment for me I've chosen to use statements that focus on humanities inability to hinder or thwart God's renewal of the earth as this provides a more stark contrast because it explicitly denies humanities involvement. And I should note that though these statements definitely have a political edge. It's not the politics I'm arguing for against but rather the agent of earth's renewal. Though I admit that they can get tangled together. The first comes from a Facebook friend of mine perhaps you've seen similar statements. He writes, I found that most people who believe in God regardless of which religion they belong to have a sound understanding that while they affect their immediate environment. They ultimately cannot destroy or affect their climate. The main reason being that we soundly understand that a God that can create such a vast and beautiful universe most likely wouldn't make an earth so damn fragile his sons and daughters or in other words, his own kids could break it with SUVs. And the second comes from conservative radio talk show host Rush Limbaugh when he states if you believe in God, then intellectually you cannot believe in man made global warming. I know neither of these people would say we shouldn't do anything to improve the world, but they also make a point to make a clear line for what we can't and won't ever be able to do. I'm not going to spend time on this view except to ask the same rhetorical questions I'll ask the other scenarios. What sort of bridge are we building to the future and toward what vision of humanity. I next turn to scenario to the earth will be renewed by who knows who but we can make the world better. Express through Maggie Smith's poem Good Bones. And it reads life is short though I keep this from my children. Life is short and I've shortened mine in 1000 delicious ill advised ways 1000 deliciously ill advised ways. I'll keep from my children. The world is at least 50% terrible and that's a conservative estimate, though I keep this from my children. For every bird there is a stone thrown at a bird for every loved child the child broken bagged sunk in a lake. Life is short. And the world is at least half terrible and for every kind stranger. There's one who would break you though I keep this from my children. I'm trying to sell them the world. I'm trying to sell them the world. Any decent realtor walking you through a real shithole chirps on about good bones. This place could be beautiful right. You can make this place beautiful. To the question who will renew the earth this poem doesn't give a response it suggests the earth can be renewed but rather answers the earth has potential. Let's work to make her better. It's inspiring and it also doesn't present an affront to either other scenario. Let's not imagine we can't do anything. We can make improvements and let's also not get ahead of ourselves on its own it doesn't answer the question of the agent of renewing the earth. That's beside the point, but let's work to improve. To me this poem inspires an imagination for possibilities and a roll up your sleeves outlook. At the same time it outlines the limits of a progressive vision of the future. We can only project so far into the future. We can and should make the world better but no one will blame us if we don't. To this scenario let's ask the same questions. What sort of bridge are we building to the future and toward what vision of humanity. To turn now to scenario three the earth will be renewed by us and or our descendants. Importantly the passive voice allows for us to read to read it this way. We can likewise read it in a way that matches scenario one or scenario to the passive voice in the article of faith can provide divine rationale to either side. We can turn a transition from Maggie Smith's poem to scenario three with statements like this from Elder Holland. If correcting all the world's ills seems a daunting task so be it go out there and be undaunted. If we cannot look to you to change the world tell me to whom we should look. It could be that God will do everything and scenario one is right, but it could be that we are the agents. This is the case and I believe Elder Holland is pointing in this direction and that the MTA can make this case to move the world including those in scenario one. It will take profits of all stripes to wake us up from our dogmatic slumber and Carl Youngblood. The tech wizard here pushes this transition and I also should say a religious futurist of the first order. What this could look like in a range of forums when he writes. We assume and tell people that their trials and sufferings will eventually be relieved in the afterlife when actually God is calling us to relieve them now. We assume that all the problems of the environment will be fixed when Jesus comes when he's actually calling us to fix them now. We assume that all the messed up politics and international intrigues that the world now experiences will be resolved when Jesus returns when he is actually calling us to resolve them now. We assume that we need to follow orders and leave the prophesying to those in charge when in fact God has called all to prophesy. This deliverance won't come in an afterlife. This world is the one that is going to be renewed, not some other. The passive voice provides an opening and the Mormon tradition is a powerful tradition for opening up prophecy revelation and scripture. As again, Carl Youngblood has suggested and I should say if you haven't recently watched Carl's presentation about prophets and the need for prophets, I would recommend that and I pull a lot from it. He writes Joseph Smith's view of prophecy and revelation was radically egalitarian. And it could be said that the Book of Mormon stands as a witness that prophecy is a common privilege and even a duty shared by all conscientious souls of every religious persuasion throughout the world. Referencing again, let's see. God has called all to prophesy to move us to renew the earth we need new scriptures and new prophecies attuned to today and bridging to a better tomorrow. Referencing again the Mormon tradition for scripture. There seems to be a developmental pattern in prophesying and writing scripture. The pattern is to interpret scripture broadly conceived according to our own inspiration to pseudopagraphy broadly conceived to get comfortable standing on our own two prophetic feet. And if you're feeling uneasy about steps two and three, I'm with you I too feel uneasy and I'm conceiving pseudopagraphy broadly to include conventional, the conventional misleading others into thinking that the author of a text is someone other than the actual author to which we should feel queasy, but also any effort to speak or write with prophetic authority that I imagine everyone does to some degree. This can include writing poetry hymns essays, incorporating scriptural references in our language in an effort to add weight, etc. Another way to say this is to play around with the voice of scripture. And we can see this pattern in the development of Joseph Smith. Early in his development he interpreted passages from the New Testament that led to the first vision. He translated and wrote words of other prophets in the Book of Mormon and the and his Bible translation, and then he spoke as a prophet himself through the doctrine and Covenants King fall at discourse, etc. To work toward a space for these steps consider these possible scriptures. These represent how I have interpreted scripture according to my own inspiration but I'll present them as though they were scriptural, not to suggest that they are scriptural. This is an exercise in imagination and our psychological response to scripture, as opposed to someone's interpretation. I found justifications for these interpretations in the LDS scriptural canon and through other prophets today, including current leaders of the LDS church and also importantly, people I've listened to and learned from in these conferences. To give the weight of scripture I'm adding, thus sayeth the Lord, I don't mean to be blasphemous, I mean to simulate stimulating our scriptural receptors. I know there's a danger to playing around with scripture, but I also know there's a danger to a dearth of meaningful contemporary prophecies and scriptures. For example, when there's a risk of misunderstanding our responsibility for renewing the earth. So here they are. You will make the beggar rich and not in a figurative way only. You will free the slave, again not in a figurative way only. You will turn over oppressive practices and you won't stop with oppressive practices on other humans. Your love will extend to overturn these practices with other animals, plants, the whole earth, and beyond. You have made the desert blossom as a rose, that was the prologue. You will renew the earth, you will make the earth paradise. You will think you're not ready or not worthy or not capable, but it is your destiny. You won't merely restore the earth to a previous harmony. You will restore, re-equip, renew to make the earth more habitable, more robust, more resilient. And because I love you, I will leave this to you and understand that the stakes are real. You can fail. Earth's renewal is not inevitable, it is not a done deal. You can also sabotage this future with your actions and choices today, but it is possible. And as a starting point we can take the hope of the declarations that the earth will be renewed and recast it as a conditional, contingent on our prophetic voices and actions. Meaningful prophecy today must extend beyond institutional concerns, policies, and protocols to global concerns, which we can all fail as well or better today than perhaps any other time in history. Working toward the greatest conceivable future world and future humanity. After all we are saints, we are prophets, we can write scripture, and we must mature beyond interpreting scripture only for our own inspiration and get comfortable speaking and writing scripture and prophecy bold and powerful enough to move the world. Earth's renewal may hang in the balance. Thank you.