 In a deep pond, spent nuclear fuel is stored. It's been removed from the core of a nuclear reactor to make way for fresh fuel. It's extremely radioactive, so safety is paramount. But these men are not checking if it's safe, rather if it's all there. They're safeguards inspectors. At the Dukovani nuclear power plant in the Czech Republic, refuelling activities have taken place. And when nuclear materials have been on the move, the inspectors need to pay a visit. The main purpose of an inspector's presence is to verify that all the activities with fuel are according to our declaration. That means that we handle with nuclear fuel as we declare according to all rules and safeguards provisions. Nuclear fuel is used to generate electricity. It can contain uranium and plutonium, which are used to make nuclear bombs. One of the main roles of the IAEA is to make sure that countries are not misusing nuclear materials to develop weapons. It's been doing this for over five decades through a system of safeguards. These allow inspectors to monitor facilities involved in the manufacture, use, storage and disposal of nuclear fuel. Two hundred and fifty inspectors carry out over two thousand inspections each year. They use a variety of tools to confirm that none of the nuclear material is missing and no one has unauthorized access to it. We have to check that the seals are not being tampered with. We have to check that all verified fresh and irradiated fuel is in the quantity declared by the operator. And we have to confirm another important thing is to confirm that all the accountancy is consistent. The Czech Republic is just one of around one hundred and eighty countries with safeguards agreements. During inspections, plant operators work closely with the IAEA teams. They provide them with all the documents, maps and inventories they need to perform their work. In the fresh nuclear fuel storage room, they count and identify the assemblies using their serial numbers. The inspectors use special equipment to control whether the uranium in the fuel is enriched to the level needed for electricity generation, which is much lower than for military purposes. Inspections in European Union countries are carried out in cooperation with Youratom, the European atomic energy community. We are using the seals as a containment. We are using the surveillance. With these tools we are able to follow the flow of the nuclear material or we are able to determine the presence of nuclear material or we can discover if any reason the absence of nuclear material. Surveillance cameras monitor facilities when inspectors can't be present. This camera in Dukovani has been filming the refuelling activities at the reactor core and the spent fuel pond. The inspectors take the flashcards from the cameras back to their offices for review and analysis. They attach new seals which will only be removed when the inspectors return to the power plant.