 working for CIRAD within CoISA and I will start now my presentation straight away. I'm based in Mozambique at the University of Eduardo Mondlan, so what I wanted to take you through with this presentation, building on what Salome just presented, is to begin the road to deconstruct your representation of the One Health concept from Nohoun and start thinking differently, especially about the integration of the environmental health sector within the One Health concept. And I will hand it by taking one example of ecosystem health approach that we are doing here in this area in one game. So, as you know, the One Health concept has been here for the past 15 years or so. It has been evolving a lot. Many different institutions, international organizations have come up with different graphical representation of the concept. But basically it is an approach that started through the collaboration between the human health sector and the veterinary sector. And clearly we all recognized through, I mean in the 12 countries of CoISA that the environmental health sector is not well integrated and well represented in the One Health platform initiative existing in the countries. So, the classic representation of the One Health concept is a three-component graphic like this, with the first component being the human health component. We're talking about the health of individuals, of population, and as Salome just said, we're also talking about the well-being and mental health of people. The second component is the animal health component. And it deals with domestic animals, production animal health, with pet health, with sometimes wildlife health, but sometimes wildlife is somewhere else. And we can also talk about animal production system health. And then we come to the last component. So, even its definition, its wording varies from one representation to another. It can be called environmental health. It can be called ecosystem health. We like to call it social ecological system health, but you have more simplistic representation where the third component is just wildlife health. So, there have been some hill definition of that third component and that issue has come up with the fact that environmental health historically has not been well integrated into the One Health concept. And of course, we'll be hearing about in the next day and a half about plant health, crop health, soil health, either some concept about water health. Where does it fit into that picture? Okay. So, one of the work that we would like you to go through is really to try to, with all the information that you will get in the coming day, days, is to deconstruct that representation and try to make your own representation. It doesn't have to be a common one because the contexts are different, but just to brainstorm and start reorganizing those thoughts. Hopefully, luckily, sorry, a couple of years ago, the Quadripartite, so FAO, WUHA, the World Organization for Animal Health, WHO and UNEP, came up thanks to the support of the One Health high-level expert panel with a new definition of One Health. And we are lucky because we have two representatives of the Quadripartite. We have Lillian from MUHA and we have Mark from FAO that are here with us today. I will not go deeply into the presentation of that new definition, but basically what it says, okay, what it says is that on the left-hand side, you need to promote intersectoriality and interdisciplinarity across the different sectors and that those processes need to be applied from the local to the national, to the regional and even to the global level in order to achieve that One Health. This needs to take into account inclusivity, equity and access and through the development of soft skills around collaboration, communication, coordination and capacity building, you can develop, you can deliver a One Health approach which is healthy animals, healthy humans within healthy ecosystems. So I would like you to also consider the fact that even if One Health is defined at international level, you will need to think about how it is relevant in your own specific context. So Eastern and Southern Africa are context-specific. You have your own ecosystems, a lot of savannas for example, your own culture. You just said about wildlife, very healthy wildlife populations and some good economic return for that for some of the countries. Specific institutions, specific people and therefore what means One Health for each of your own country and how will you, on which aspect will you need to emphasize in order to deliver a relevant One Health in your country. And for example, the wildlife, livestock, human interfaces in savanna ecosystem is something that is very specific to Eastern and Southern Africa and I just want to mention that these pictures were taken 20 years ago in the Garaysa district in Kenya and I'm mentioning that because we were capturing those war talks with Francis who is here and so I just wanted to mention that. So if I come back to the WHO definition that Salome just presented and the two components that he mentioned, so what we can call the biomedical component which is the absence of diseases for humans and the holistic component which is mental health and well-being, I would like to emphasize the two narrative that she mentioned that are very important about when we talk about health, that negative narrative about the first component fighting against disease, eradicating symptoms, etc. and the more positive narrative that can come out from the second component. So from those of you who were here in Pretoria, I tried to apply in Pretoria that definition of human health to non-human animals. And you remember that table, I will just go through the last part which talked about what health, free roaming wildlife. So if you apply the biomedical component to free roaming wildlife, you don't want to eradicate all the disease from wildlife because wildlife in interaction with pathogens that create disease and disease have a strong influence on the regulation of wildlife population as much as predation, for example, regulate wildlife population. So you have natural disease dynamics that you don't want to interfere with. And so that leads to some disciplines such as disease ecology, evolutionary biology and many other type of disciplines. If you think about the holistic component, now you're talking more about viable wildlife population or wildlife communities. And here you talk about disciplines about animal welfare but especially conservation science and wildlife management sciences. So I tried for today to apply that human health two components concept to ecosystem. So it's just ideas and please don't use that as a definition. So I tried first to apply it to ecosystem health. So here the level of intervention is not any more population or individual in the ecosystem. And what you want to maintain and to nurture are natural ecological dynamics and functional natural processes which go to all the ecological sciences. And so and if you want to apply it to the holistic component here, it's more about sustainability and resilience of ecosystems. And the discipline associated to that are environmental and sustainability science. I tried finally to apply it to social ecological system health. Here we mean that we assume that all ecosystems are interfered by humans. Let's take the example of Wange National Park just here. Wange National Park some 50 or 60 years ago. Park management created some artificial boreholes to provide water for wildlife. So even that what it looks like a very natural ecosystem has been impacted by human management. So social ecological system health here we work at the scale of the landscape of territory. So it will be Wange National Park and its periphery and the communal land around. And when we talk about the biomedical component we will talk about the coexistence between people and nature. And here we talk about range land, wildlife management, human wildlife conflicts, natural resource management. And applying the holistic component to this would be more towards good quality of life for people, animals and nature. And you can see the link with what Salome has presented before. And here there is a strong need to have the social sciences involved in order to have some participatory processes and to say in ability sciences. So this is just to show you the range of disciplines that are needed if you want to talk about ecosystem health and or social ecological system health. And so those disciplines corresponds to stakeholders that are in institutions that you will need to engage with if you want those aspects to be tackled in your one health approach. So from now on I would like you to start your road towards a better integration of environmental health in the one health concept. And so starting from that presentation to go somewhere else. And one example that I wanted to show you is as a good example of social ecological system health is starting where we are in the Wange National Park. You need to know that that specific park and its periphery belongs to a trans frontier conservation areas which are within Sadek. You have 18 of them. Those are matrices of protected areas, different types of protected areas, transnational. But associated with communal land like the small scale farmers that you've seen on your way down here. But also cities like Victoria Falls, the mines that you have seen. Those are huge very complex land use systems. And those TFCA's have been funded with two objectives at the same level, biodiversity conservation and local development and well-being. And if you see the big one, the largest one in the middle, I will zoom in now because that's where we are currently. A gift mentioned that. We are in the Cavango Zambese or Casa TFCA. It's five country. It's the size of Spain. It's 2.7 million people. And it's the largest population of elephants in Africa, 250,000 elephants in that area. You can see the connection between very different types of protected areas. But in between you have large extensive tracts of communal lands and other types of land users. And in southern Africa, we can say that wildlife conservation is very successful. Wildlife population are in very good shape. So the first objective of TFCA is achieved. But in terms of local livelihoods and well-being, this is not the case. And this is the type of research that we, and research action that we try to develop in this ecosystem. So we are right here now. And so here we have, with all the partners, we have a research station that's been going on for more than 20 years. So there are two things that I want you to remember. The first one is the zone atelier. So we are in the zone atelier Wange. It's a long-term socio-ecological research platform. And the zone atelier belongs to the research platform production and conservation in partnership, which is an association 17 years old between Zimbabwean and French research organization. But recently Mozambique, Botswana, Zambia, and South Africa have joined the platform, sorry. And some of the multipliers belong to this platform. So it's a lot of different institutions together. And what we have, the vision that we have developed a couple of years ago through an internal review, is that we do research and research action towards self-sustaining and functional socio-ecological systems for the betterment of life of people and animals within southern African protected areas and their periphery in 10 to 15 years. And we do that through wide network of partners. Some of them are here today. All the universities in Zimbabwean University that are in the region through development or research projects. And of course with a lot of engagement with local communities and trying to promote and facilitate the relationship between park and local communities and influencing even the Wangge National Park General Management Plan, trying to introduce a section about the relationship between the park and local communities. So we have a lot of young researchers, researchers, partners, NGOs, institutions that are here today. Please talk with them. They are very knowledgeable about this area. And yes, I think it was a perfect example to be here with that kind of landscape health approach that we are developing in this area.