 The study found that there has been increasing alignment between clinical and translational science awards, CTSAs, and practice-based research networks, PBRNs. However, there were also areas of discordance, such as decreasing financial support for PBRNs from CTSAs. Additionally, PBRN directors reported increased effectiveness of CTSAs in providing consultation and collaboration on grant applications. Qualitative data revealed diverging experiences between CTSAs and PBRNs. Overall, this study suggests a mutual opportunity for CTSAs and PBRNs to work together on applied research. This article was authored by Maureen Reiler-Baringer, Melinda M. Davis, James J. Werner, and others.