 The use of electronic communication technology has led to an increase in electromagnetic radiation pollution. Metal matrix EMI shielding materials have drawbacks such as high density, corrosion, and difficulty in processing. Polymer matrix EMI shielding composites offer advantages like lightweight, corrosion resistance, and ease of processing, but they lack electrical conductivity and poor EMI shielding performance. This review discusses the key concepts, mechanisms, and testing methods of EMI shielding. It then summarizes the current state of EMI shielding materials, focusing on polymer matrix composites with various structures. The preparation methods and evaluation techniques are discussed, along with the key scientific and technological challenges. Finally, the future direction of this field is predicted. This article was authored by Chao Boilong, Zhou Jiegu, Yao Lijian, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.