 Tissue engineering, TE, is a rapidly growing field that seeks to develop treatments for diseases and disorders that impair quality of life. It combines cells, scaffolding materials, and inducing factors to create artificial tissues that can replace or repair damaged ones. The success of TE depends on how well the cells respond to the biochemical and biophysical factors present in their environment. Biochemical factors include growth factors, small molecules, ECM components, and cytokines, while biophysical factors include surface topography, mechanical, and electrical signals. Recent research suggests that combining multiple signals can lead to better outcomes than single signals alone. Additionally, the simultaneous application of different signals may be able to produce synergy, leading to improved functional outcomes. This article was authored by Benaz Bakshanda, Nika Ranjbar, Ardesh Rabasi, and others.