 If there's one architect who needs no introduction in the city or any other, it's Charles Carrere Thank you very much Gosh ten minutes to cover the future of Bombay, I think only Mel Brooks could do that, but let's give it a try I think the first thing that strikes me is that the first characteristic the fundamental characteristic of us Certainly in India is our inability to act on our own predictions Can I have the first slide? this is where Bombay was in In the year 1940 it was just two million people right through the 30s 20s It was about a million or so to the small town in 64 and this is when the the municipality published their plan and The population was four million and there were three of us Shiresh Patel who I hope is in the audience Are you serious anybody? He's here and Praveena Mehta and myself and he looked at this And we found that they were predicting at four million. We knew we would grow to next one, please We'd go to eight million No, the thing is at four million. We already had squatters. This is 1964 more than four two years ago It was so clear that this structure which though which had been invented in a way by the British because of the port town Could sustain a population of one million very pleasantly and a million and a half and maybe even two But at that stage you're going to you began to get the have nuts and you got the deprivation Etc and they were 10% of the population So we thought that you really have to Create new job centers You have to have a poly-centered growth because one city of four million or eight million sounds eight million sounds frightening But if it's actually four cities of two million each then that's what the Bay Area of San Francisco is for instance So this is what actually happened. We're in in 1964. We we said we should restructure That's what we call new Bombay, which I'll try and show you since Ricky asked us to explain What were the dreams for Bombay? No at you at you at four million? We've got ten percent At four million we've got ten percent who are squatters by the time you reach eight million Because though the government acted on our ideas, they didn't act really on the real heart of the ideas, which I'll show you Can I have the next one please? You can see as the eight million people and you notice that the squatters have grown from four point four million That's four lakhs to forty lakhs That's our inability to act on our own prediction if we knew they were going to be eight million Surely we would rearrange the scenery in some way Okay, then at in eighty five we knew we would reach sixteen million where we are today now We still have we reached sixteen million on target just like the trains and the squatters have now grown to sixty percent So each time you see that the real delivery system isn't the former sector of pucker housing It's the squatters It's the illegal sectors So next me How did we deal with this this was the original city limits right up to World War two those were suburbs out there Bandra was the only one really by 1950 it had been pushed there by the Modak Maya plan next 57 and then 64 that was the one which triggered off our thing and of course after that we've gone further north There's a there's a linear system which makes most of the jobs are still the office jobs Definitely at this end of the city and so you get land values which are next Which grow as you reach this end of the city What we were trying to do was open up new centers So that the whole thing becomes one urban system around the water But also reaches the hintle end of the state to try and take the energy of Bombay out there Now the way we were trying to do it is through public transport. I think that's a fundamental thing which has not been given enough What you call it weightage in our plans even in Delhi or any other place actually the British created Bombay through public transport, which we will see So I what I'll show you now. Yeah, you are this would be the way though and you'd have water water transport too But also trains next This is a short film just excerpts from a film I made at the time. Yeah, let's start it. Yeah, go ahead This is one done at the time a polemic film which Tells us what's happening to the city This is a shorted VT station in 1967 or so It said that from up there their numbers down here their people only just It's incredible. It's much worse today What's nice are these three people? You know, it's wonderful. It's like what moving through water people is really one long breakwater Protecting the harbor from the open sea in the south the jobs in the north the people's homes Result every day a massive flow of traffic southward in the morning Northward in the evening Further result Escalating land prices highest at the southern end of the city as the land prices climb the buildings grow taller And they grow taller they cost more Almost half a million people in Bombay are government employed Every job moved will help Bombay as well as the new office center across the harbor Each government job triggers off five other jobs forming the basis for new Bombay We'll bring the waterfront back to Bombay Plazas like the gateway along the eastern shore of the island will change the north-south structure into an east-west one and Looking eastward the energy of new Bombay will stimulate development in the mainland Opening up new growth across the state water will once again become the focal point of the whole system providing communication between the various centers and In the middle of it all the island of elephant an umbilical cord that takes one back a thousand years A multi-centred city around the harbor each new center opening up more space for the people of this city Yeah, here we are So now let's have a look at Bombay the way it was as you know it there was never a plan for Bombay The only I would say there was a DNA a kind of genetic coding was the two railway lines One was the Western Railway the old BB and CI which took people the troops up to the Khyber Pass and the other was the Central Railway which they took the business people to Calcutta That was the whole the point of the railways had nothing to do with the average person But what they did every time you put down a station people lived around the station So what do we learn from that we learned that on the scale of growth? We're talking about public transport is a lead sector if you put it in at the end Like in Delhi it's very good system. They put in it cost them about 10,000 crores aligned 10 to 20,000 20,000 crores is five billion dollars only Delhi can afford it at least India can afford that once but in this case Not only does it act efficiently and you must realize that Bombay with all our problems is a much much better city For everybody young people teenagers old people because it's a mobile city because the growth came from the transport lines It followed transport Now when you do this you're not only and when we are talking of going from four to eight and eight to sixteen and now Sixteen to twenty five surely we should respond and say how are we going to bring this growth around the interesting thing Is that could we go back to that when they when the when the growth? Proceeds the development not only is it more efficient, but you make money out of that railway line You don't have to spend 20,000 crores mr. Pustige I know you're not going to but that's what they've done the British actually used private investment These were private people Who made money out of it? I think it's wonderful what they're doing in London where they're using the public transport to open up land Because even if this railway line is subsidized it becomes an indirect subsidy on housing Don't you see what you're doing by selling a ten rupee pass or a fifty rupee pass you're enabling people to live Down the road. Otherwise, they'd all be crowded at this end. These are fundamental lessons. We should learn the next I'll just show you a glimpse of this. This was when we were working on the sorry Yeah on the Pirell land. It's just over. It's not take long This just shows you the way the the transport goes and it goes right through You know, you know Bombay the middle part portion is and then and see the way people live along these stations And the most important area is dadar because it's the tie as you know That's where the central and the western railways Actually meet the one interchange and that's a generated Enormacy because all urban growth has got to do with nodal points of generation and then Pirell and and Elphinstons could also be joined. They're very close together And that'll make then you have the crossroads which exist and we thought you bring in fast buses Reserve track buses and at every intersection you then get a growth point So no one was against developing the land We just felt that the public sector that the public transport should be the lead sector Which then opens up the land and gives it real meaning because then you know what you can locate. Yeah, let's go on These roads all the upper two ones are a I hate to rush you but yeah, it's the last slide I just finished that and and this goes across to next one, please This goes across to could we just go through these swaths this last one You know, this is the the VT station. This is church gate This is The Nariman point in the gateway That's the Suri bridge, which we just saw all those roads would take you across to the rest of the state Another way of opening up land for instance They talk about building a bridge for cars one possibilities an underground tunnel only for trains So you don't deliver any cars into Bombay But these trains coming here can tie you into the VT station church gate and Nariman point And then from Mandua on Let's go on next one They could continue on surface and open up all that land and they could join the Konkan railway So you'd get a tremendous spine of growth and most of the migration to the city comes from within the state comes from Ratnagiri So this is just these are the kind of let's go on to the next one. This is what has been that's what happens I mentioned San Francisco you all know Frisco. Yeah, I finished and the next one I'd show you it's Holland right and then and that's it I just wanted to tell you that if you're going to do something it has to take into account public transport. Thanks