 Now, here's a big question. What's the number one teaching book that's totally changed the way you view or at least understand the world of education? For me, it's this one here, The Hidden Lives of Learners published by Graham Nuttle, posthumously by his wife, actually. He passed away in 2007. And the book was published in 2010. And what I love about this book is it's 40 years of his own education research hanging tape recorders from the lights in classrooms, unpicking culture. So, you know, culture is something that makes us who we are to a point where we may no longer see the culture that shapes us. Schools are very much like this. We often jokingly complain that everyone is an expert on schooling rather than looking at the evidence. And I suppose for this one, the first thing that became apparent from Nuttle's very detailed data was how little teachers knew about what was going on in their classrooms. And he found even live observers keeping continuous records of the behaviors of individual students missed up to 40% of what was recorded on students' individual microphones. So what we've got in here, if I just show you a couple of summaries, you know, there's three worlds of the classroom. The first one is the public world. So what we see, what we want the students to do following the rules, the customs of the classroom. The second one is the semi-private world of the ongoing relationship. So things that happen in the classroom that we may or may not see but totally don't really get into the details of. So peer relationships, bullying, influence, motivation, what someone else thinks of us, those types of things. And then this deeper one, the private world of the student's mind. So, you know, knowledge and beliefs, things that go on at home, much of this knowledge that students acquire elsewhere. And kind of just summing up, you know, 40 years in this very, very short video, we've got these kind of seven multi-layered approaches. And I guess thinking about different types of working memory according to Nuttall's research, you know, this is a great way to approach at least multi-layer in these three aspects of the world of the classroom on the slide here. But I guess trying to access these different domains of students and the relationships in the classroom, Nuttall recommended that we're explicit about definitions. So helping students understand the concept that we're implicit with information. So, you know, the key elements of that information that needs to be shared, but not necessarily understood. What background information we need to know. So reasons, analogies, examples, personal experiences. The contextual information, so four years old, 16 year old, first lesson of the year, so on and so forth. Key words or concepts of what needs to be mentioned, the reference, what activities will help bring all this to life that can produce, create or lead directly to concept relevant information. I guess the final ones, the visual or object resources. So how do we help focus attention? So there's lots more, but these seven phases, I suppose, are just a process to help bring that learning to life. How do we make that learning visible? So I would really encourage you to look a little bit deeper at, let me just put this book back up on the screen. Sorry, I haven't edited the slides here. Graham Nuttall, The Hidden Life of Learners. If you've not read it, you're really missing out to help you unpick these three different worlds of what exists in every classroom that shape our culture, that influences our teaching, also influences our learning. So let me know what you think. Bye for now.