 right away and let's organize, start the official session. One welcome from the on behalf of FAO, the partners to the Global Peedlands Initiative, the GPI as we call it or IMT in French, together with Chrysler Maya Center and the UN Environment Programme we are we are organizing this session second session on the mapping. It's part of of course of the larger sequence of workshops that we started earlier this year in close collaboration with the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of the Republic of the Congo and with the kind collaboration and partnership together with the with the SWAM project partners US Forest Service and C4 who are generously funded by USAID and just to complement from outside the Global Peedlands Initiative project is of course funded and we are very grateful for the funding from the German Ministry of Environment, Environment and Nuclear Safety, the BMUB who is funding out these activities through the IKI Fund, the German Climate Initiative. I think that's from our side. I just hand over then to Laura for the for the for the introduction of of today's session. Thank you. Thank you Maria. I will briefly present the agenda for today's session. We will start the session with Dr. Alexandra Barthelmas from the Gricefeld Meyer Center. She will present with a presentation on the general rules and the stages of development of peedlands in the region which will give us a theoretical basis for starting our journey through peedland mapping. Then we will have the time to pose some questions and then we will pass on to the presentation by Mr. Mbati. He comes from the Republic of Congo and he is an expert on work on the field on NFI and he will be supporting us with the basics for developing fieldwork for peedland mapping and also will be accompanying the field mission on the field. Then we will have also a time for posing questions and we will show some videos to demonstrate the way that the fieldwork for peedland mapping is done and we will also have time to do a practical exercise led by Felix Baer from the Gricefeld Meyer Center. He will explain some techniques to plan the fieldwork for peedland mapping and finally we will explain the homework for you to practice at home before the next session and at the end we will have another round of questions and a summary of the event. So basically this session its objective is to strengthen capacities to identify the characteristics of peedlands in the region and the conditions for their formation. This will be an important theoretical basis to use this criteria for peedland mapping in the following sessions and also in this session we will also discuss how to design and implement field study for peedland mapping. So without further ado I will leave you with Aleksandra Bartelmes, Dr. Aleksandra Bartelmes. She will talk about the ecological views of peedlands, the conditions of their formation, the some definitions and also types of peedlands in the DRC. So Aleksandra the floor is yours. Thank you. Okay one quick moment Laura Laura I would need to ask you if you could swap to the French version and record to the cloud or locally record to your computer for some reason it doesn't work for me probably as I am the host now but I think all is fine. Yes indeed great handing over to you Aleksandra thank you. Hello everybody thank you Laura for the introduction so I would just start what is special about peedlands in living peedlands the production exceeds the decay peed accumulates and does the carbon balance is positive. Peedlands are the most space-affected carbon stocks of all terrestrial ecosystems and the peed accumulates because of water saturation so peedlands are wetlands and more than 50% of all wetlands are peedlands. Peedlands are found in almost every country of the world and the terms and definition for peed and peedlands varying strongly with country and scientific discipline so peedlands have been defined as having peed layers reaching from 20 to up to 100 centimeter thickness across the globe and also minimum contents of organic matter of this peed varies considerably. In soil science peedlands are grouped in organic soils or histosols all peedland soils fit into the definition of histosols while the concept of histosols also includes shallower organic soils and soils with less organic matter. If it comes to greenhouse gas reporting to UNFCCC the IPCC has defined the organic soils as having at least 12 to 18% of organic carbon but the IPCC has not set the criterion for minimum thickness of the organic layer. This allows actually the countries to use their country specific definitions and data they already have that are often historically determined and grown. For countries without such definitions it might be a good option to adopt regional available definitions for example from neighboring countries or at best agree on a multi-country scale in the region peedland topologies. So there are many different ways of classifying peedlands depending on the aim of classification. Often there is referred to ecological Maya typology that often deals with nutrients and pH and also widely known concept is the typology of hyperhydrogynetic Maya typology that deals with hydrartical aspects of peed formation. So they are quite simple the most basic peedland types the dome shaped peedlands to which also many peedland peeds from first belong that are only fed by precipitation so they also they also only drive on rainwater the opposite are the peedlands that occur in depressions valleys and flood plains they also get water from from the that they also are fed by rain but they mostly are fed by groundwater so this effect that makes a big difference in the ecology and also a hydrogynetic difference between these two basic peedland types for the precipitation and also the and so they are also important if we talk about the cartography of the turbines and so if we talk about the topography if we have a form of dome or well in the depressions and the valleys so in the end it is a characteristic that is clear in the cartography and so there are a lot of good models of numerical derivation that we can use and so we can use for this session for example so what is very available and so in these concerns so the derivation model is alos a world and so it is going to give us a resolution of 30 and so there is also the example of the lake in this region but if we look at satellite images it shows us for example a good four but for example on the left side you have so for example you have depressions valleys during the right side so in the blue frame you can see that the turbines are so through a very large zone and so it includes the markers so other characteristics of turbines for the cartography so it is vegetation so natural vegetation so in the tropic turbines include hardwood trees, palm trees, mangroves, sages, moths and other flower elements and so we see the photos that come in the photos of Tanzania and Uganda so it gives an idea of ​​what these turbines look like nowadays so the vegetation of the turbines becomes more and more so the decrease is caused by drainage, deforestation and burning for various uses and so the main characteristics that come from vegetation are lost so the kind of cartography of these turbines depends for example so the availability of information the objective of the cartography and so the scale that is targeted and so the methodological skills of this equity the cards and also the available funding and the time that you are available and so here well you can see so the diversity where you can create the cartography of your turbine it can be one at 50,000 or one at 5 million and so it goes up to even more than 5 million on a continental level and so it has the different cases where you can start by the cartography of turbines if for example there is no available information and so you do not have a good identity of a turbine or a definition or a probability you can use assumptions and so you can try to identify potential zones and so we have developed an approach for a year so which was used by the Griftwald-Miralsen Tech and so applied to the Republic of Congo and also the Democratic Republic of Congo and so we are going to explain how it was done so if you have available information but now your resolution is very low you can use a variety of detections that can improve the information that is more and more strategic that are available and you can also use Google Retention also so learning by machines and so we are going to talk about this with my colleague from the FAO in session 4 and 5 and so another possibility so if you have a good idea of the localization of your turbine but well immediately you will need cartography with a very high resolution so so you will need to go maybe on the ground and so you can try to have a lot more detail and so you can manually try to define this turbine and so you can add to that images by satellite and also the SIG and so there is also something else that you can use what we often use with our map and so it is based on experts and so we apply the message and so all the ecological knowledge to integrate so the diversified data and manually delineate so the turbines and so it's when we have for example zonky sibley for example around the lake and victoria and we went to the place and so so we saw that the cartography that we had created based on a lot of different data we had a lot of success and so there were places where we said there must be turbines there were indeed and so it was a success and so it is a map based on so the experts and so we applied that also to the bastion of the Congo and mainly so using old maps on the ground pedology and also auxiliary information so also on the right you see the cover and so the cover so the pedology and so you see that it is very low resolution and so high resolution and so incorporate together so in addition to this work so you want to see in the dark red color that you see in a bucket here so you see these poles so what is in the tropics and so in the orange color also there we have analyzed so the old maps and so we have been able to identify the turbines and then we put it together with the images that come from the satellite and so these maps with high resolution and so we put the accent on the regions where we think that there are probably turbines so all the data that we have been able to obtain has been integrated to have a much more volunteer image in the area of the Congo and so we see that it is either the turbines are on the plains where we have an accumulation of water and you can see it on the map or you also have higher altitudes around the river Alberta and also on the Plateau Batechi with higher precipitation and lower temperatures and so you can also see that the forest is very high so it persists mainly when there is a tropical wet forest and also so the flies in this area so when you have the integration of all the information it leads to the proposal of five urban areas that you can see in the map at number one they divided into three areas and so you have the bottom of the Congo and so you have the east side and so it is the low terrain and then you have a Congo republic you also have an indication by the pedology that there are turbines and so here so you have the low terrain and so in the northwest you have only two minutes so we are also sure that there are a lot of turbines in this tropical climate that should be understood and therefore the region of the turbines in the Basin of Congo and on the Plateau Batechi we think that there are turbines it is often in the forest and so sometimes in the open areas and so with a certain vegetation on the open areas of the savannah so on the Atlantic coast so there are potentially mangroves also in the marécages and the Marécages coastal area also and so we also have in the region of the Black Point and so also along the river Dalbertin along the border between Uganda, Uganda and Burundi and mainly so turbines which are open with for example mousse and also with a kind of specific vegetation and so and so in the area of the Kawusi-Biega and so the mountains and the tombs and so they are in the less perturbed areas and so lately on the Plateau Katanga we have so full islands and so lakes and often in the mineral and organic soils which are inter-maché and so we often have very little depth and often so as a kind of floating tapioca and also around the city of Lumbur-Bachi and so it goes through the valleys and so even through the cities and so it seems that it suffers, suffers from decoction and so through over-exploitation so I'm sorry that I was too fast but thank you very much for your attention thank you very much for this introduction to Tobias in Congo very comprehensive and ladies and gentlemen participants now you have the possibility and the option to ask questions I want to use for that the answer window question that you find below is the second symbol on the left to ask your questions or to send a message that you would like to talk about Felix we have a hand up, Naya Mancuni ah well thank you there was a hand up until now and it's yes we still have questions for the moment I think it was a great number of information and also new information about the locations and the distribution of Tobias in Congo if you have no questions at the moment yes there is a question in the question of asking for answers so Kendi asked an RDC I imagine that Kendi made the reference to the probability plan that Alexandra just presented yeah yeah thank you for your question it's loaded and so it's the map about the probability and so you can contact me and so it's not accessible to everyone but well I could make them available if you contact us at our center maier and so and the other information about the other regions of and so we are going to improve a little bit more but so it's going to be part of all our recordings for our presentations and so on my side there is no problem to share with you Alexandra with this question for the moment that was answered I would like to pass on to the next presentation which is going to be given by Mr Basilio Patti who is an engineer in chief of the rural genius and zoos and forests and he is an inventory expert and forest and he is an independent consultant on the bi-air towers and we are going to present now the practical points to lead a work on the bi-air on the ground Mr Patti I invite you to start with the presentation and I also invite my colleagues from the organization to launch the presentation Alex you made yeah you might stop thank you Laura Alex could you stop sharing a screen please so Mr Basilio Patti are you ready I would like to pass on to the presentation so here it is, it's up to you now okay and next diapo if you would like hello dear participants of this meeting I just wanted to not only present myself but also the colleagues who presented us directly to the presentation our work and to the presentation it can be said that the exhibition that just passed has given a very big view of our bi-air tower in the word the sub-region but I wanted to insist that in the base of the country it is the biggest tropical marcageus in the world with three millions of hectares of marcageus and the four that we have just seen today are the four of the three of the three floors and we cannot really locate the bi-air towers, this is for that our presentation today is going to focus on the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, how to collect the effects of the terrain, We can move on to the next diapo. We continue, it's about the same diapo that just passed. We continue. Here's the information. It's ready to be applied to the excavation of the dome. We have to follow a very precise technical material, especially a pebble. It's called a pedagogical quarry. We have to have a metal box to reach the bottom. We have to be careful. If there is a big sign or not, there is a GPS. You have to have a decameter to measure the path, a knife, and a metal box to reserve our dome. In the image on the side, you will see that there is a lot of technical materials that you have to have, and that's what exists there. You shouldn't forget that when you go down, you have to take the samples from the dome. You can go there to not come back. You have to sleep on the spot where you need to go. You have to prepare a package of dompings so that you don't have to sleep on the spot. We can continue. Next slide. I would like to insist on the manipulation of the pebble or the quarry to extract the dompings and extract them. In fact, the quarry, the tower, the quarry tower, you see in the image on the side, it's an anchor with a net. That's it. The main tip is to detach the dompings and some of our extensions. So how to manipulate it? The assembly consists of uniting one of the extensions with the pebble and adding the dompings. And that's what we use with a coin to solidify the extensions. And this operation can be repeated as the tower is deeper. Once the location is defined, the screw of the tower is inserted into the ground, the preferences vertically to have a real depth of the tower you want to measure. Excuse me, could you increase your volume so that you can get closer to the microphone? A little bit to hear you better. Thank you. Once this assembly is realized and we have defined it, and that the placement of the point where we can extract the quarry is found, we have to point the pebble to the chosen place, and the preferences vertically to have a real depth of research. After that, we have to turn the pebble to the first level. The first level is 50 cm, the length of the pebble, and make it pivot in the middle of the world until it is complete, at around 180 degrees, to have eliminated all the extension of the roots and other roots that could be extracted into the quarry. To have a intact quarry. We can continue. We can also insist on the depth dimension of the pebble. The depth measurements of the pebbles are very, very important to calculate the volume of the pebble and the carbon storage on the ground. In addition to the depth measurements of the pebble, we have to consider the dimensions of the soil, the apparent density, and all other parts of the soil. The depth of the first changes in the texture or the color of the pebble must be revived and forage and debris must be continued through the transition of mineral organs. Because the pebble can be presented under three dimensions, the organic dimension, the organic mineral dimension of the transition when the pebble is finished, and the mineral dimension that represents the depth of the pebble. The depth and the depth of the pebble should be also revived in the details. In this case, the transition between the pebble and the mineral soil is brutal. And in other cases, it can be very gradual. The transition horizon should be distinguished from the pebble and the mineral substrate of the pebble. Because when the transition horizon has an apparent density and a distinct carbon content, it should be considered in the exact estimation of carbon reserves. So, there is a notion that I wanted to say that before, in our experience of cartography, before developing the fields of the carrot, and in order to have put the rules in the dimension of the carrot, it is recommended to take a photo of each length of the carrot, with a paper, a sign, the depth and the identification of our carrot. Can you pass? How to raise the fields of the carrot? Progressively, the carrot does not need to be measured with the substitutes of 1, the depth of the carrot, 2, the apparent density of the soil, 3, the organic material. In terms of samples, we have described here what we have done behind the scenes but in our example of the current field of cartography, we will not see feelings beyond a meter. We consider just the depth of a meter just to signify that we are in a dimension where the height is 6 and the measurements that we are going to do will depend on the color of the crop or we will take each color and the samples that I am going to write in the data collection file that we have reserved for the case. Here we have just given the details of what we could do where we considered the shape of the samples to be directed towards the surface because this zone is the one that undergoes more these effects of occupation and the use of soil. More deeply the samples of the crop and more simply in the case of our cartography the samples that will accompany our cartography data will only be limited in the same depth. We can go on. I have insisted that when we collect the samples to have the apparent density that is equal to the mass in Kilogram in relation to the volume that we take care of of the past. How do we have to preserve the samples of the crop? The samples of the crop of 5 cm must be taken care of at the depth of the crop if we say that it is the color of the samples or of the crop and placed in a box of metallic and thick soil. Here we are going to propose parcels in the Guignan that we use for cakes and that we will bring to the market. Cut the crop of the crop at a 90 degree angle. It is extremely important to extract the precise volume of the crop to measure the apparent density. The aluminum assets are used so that the sample of the crop can go directly from the soil to the depth of the crop to the laboratory. At this moment it must be ejected at the time of extraction of the samples and eject the contamination of the samples of the 5 cm by holding the instruments in place. The variation of soil properties of the depth remains a very important aspect to consider the samples of the soil. If the different pedagogical horizons can be decided if the soil cannot vary in carbon concentration and apparent density. So, the samples representative of the carbon must be collected on each horizon and the global estimates of carbon can be calculated by considering the carbon density and the samples of each crop. How to document the samples of the crop? Each sample collected on the soil must have a particular treatment as well as for its consumption on the soil during the admission of the detonated collectives for its identification of the soil in the laboratories the treatment of the data to do so. The samples must be placed in an inoxidant pot well covered with aluminum foil. On the pot it is stored in an indelible marker as inscriptions of the soil on it. The quality code the number of the soil and the depth. The well packed is a product in a plastic individual that carries the same code of the samples written on the pot. To reinforce the safety of the samples during the movement on the soil, a stack is already available to collect all the samples already collected. The stack is under the responsibility of a special carrier that comes on the pot. We can go on. We have produced a collection of data for rapid evaluation of the soil. This file contains 8 big indications. Normally we have to teach the identification of the site and of the observer. The depth and the depth of the pot the humidity and the water level of the formation. The type of ecosystem the description of the type of the pot the description of the type of terrestrial cover the description of the presence of perturbations and finally of the relevant images identifying the site that will contain the identification of the site the observer. This is the name of the site the date and the the identification of the site the observer the altitude and the weight of the plant that will contain the depth of the pot for a 40 meters we have to note the depth of the pot of the pot of the pot the color of the pot the plant remains normally made of resin that is broken in the pot in theantoom of the pot and make a improvement under the sample in packaging as I have already covered in the pot In humidity and the level of water, it means that the dry area means that the water is at the bottom of the surface of the litter. If the area is humid, it means that the water is at the surface of the litter. If the area is damp, it means that the water is at the top of the litter. At this moment, we have to measure the thickness of the water that flows on the litter. And finally, we can also distinguish the stagnant, instead of not finishing it, please. For the type of ecosystem, we have to see if there is a layer of plateau indicated here on the aquatic tide. There must be an altitude of the tide. The non-confined water, that is, in the savannes, and if there is a hole, it must be indicated if there is a palmyrae dominance, if there are leaf marks, if there are herb fans, and if the terrestrial cover will indicate if it is a human zombie, if there is a palmyrae dominance, if there are leaf marks, if there are leaf marks, and if a palmyrae is located on a slet, if there are leaves open or in the wet areas, or if there is no use of the intensity at all, we can go on. Mr. Patry, just to remind you that only 4 minutes are left. This is the last one, and there is the presence of the perturbations that must necessarily be indicated if there are disadvantages, the lack of substance, the industrial structure, the beta and the French stratosphere, and so on. It is essential to insist on the images. We must take into account the number of identifications of the photo, the orientation of the photo site, that is, its north, east, west, south, and photo identification. If there are also particular characteristics that can be raised, we must identify them as possible. Here is how to preserve the samples. We must maintain that they must be preserved under sealage. The maîtres or refrigerators, as soon as possible, the sessions at the laboratory, in the center of a protocol in the list, are well defined. If the terrain, it is not necessary to stay for too long because the basqueries must be constructed for the activity of the sessions of the dome. At the office, before conducting the samples at the lab, they must be stored in the refrigerator to stop the biological activity. At the laboratory, after their collection on the ground, the samples must be dried. We can pass. Here, expressly, I want to give you how we can determine the carbon of the soil. We must multiply the density apparent by the percentage of carbon and the depth of the soil. We can pass to conclusions. It is very good for me that the tubes of the Congo have been photocafed, but at very small scales. The exercise is considered to be verified if the terrain is to be insured or to confirm the different information that is related to their activity. The presentation that I have made is, I hope to sum it up, to the data documents that we have taken, that you can consult near the Liffen RDC and that you have consulted to do more. It is consulted for the most broad information. We can pass. Thank you for your kind attention here. The photo and experiment that we have done with the technicians of the Liffen RDC will be recognized today in this exercise. It was a pleasure. Thank you very much, Mr. Mepati, for this presentation and sharing of very detailed and interesting experiences. We will now directly continue with two videos and then we will resume the questions that have been asked and continue with that. Over to you to the videos. Thank you very much Elisabeth. We are waiting for a short moment until the videos are ready. In the meantime, maybe Felix, there are many questions that we received. We will answer them in the video. Yes, I'm going, sorry. Wonderful. Thanks Elisabeth. The small technical problems always happen even with the best preparation. So I'm going to take a question, just the time that it takes to have the videos. There is a question for Mr. Mepati from Professor Yufo Suspen, who asks, what is the maximum depth of the pit that you have measured and in what location? So Mr. Mepati, if you would like to answer this question, I invite you to activate your microphone too. Thank you. Thank you. Yes, the maximum depth that I was able to meet is 4 meters. And we did it in the reserve of a garrie, on the side of Mandakar. And that was in the 4th of November, also in the national, of RDC, at the end of the practical exercise. Okay, thank you. Thank you. And I'm just going to go ahead, Mr. Mepati, because Professor Yufo Suspen asked if you also took the dosage of organic matter, if you did, in these turns? And if yes, he would be very happy if you could share them. As we were in a period of tests, of our methodology with the U.S. Forest, we measured organic matter at the level of the samples that we entered in Pungi. We did it with the Kamehounen chemical laboratory, in the analysis of soil. We also took samples in organic matter samples, in the mangroves around Lake Kompati. And that, we did an analysis of organic matter, and other elements containing our samples, it is at the level of the black dots that we realized. Effectively, I would like to put the results of these samples here, but I do not know with me here, maybe I will put them in line with the knowledge of everyone. It was just testing. All that we did at the level of the Liffen Congo, we sent them to the United States with our expert Mathieu, until now we do not have a reply to the results of these samples. Thank you. So I see that the video is ready now, and we will continue. Elisabeth. These vast peat wetland forests store more carbon than any other type of tropical forest. In the Republic of Congo, wetland forests make up 20% of the country's forested area. Due to challenges in accessibility, these are the only remaining forest areas in the country, which have not yet been inventoried. At the request of the Congolese government, the US Forest Service, the US Government's Silver Carbon Program and Central Africa Regional Program for the Environment is supporting the National Forest Inventory Agency, CNIAF, to complete their National Inventory of these wetland forest areas in collaboration with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the Central Africa Forest Satellite Observatory, OSFAC and the Wildlife Conservation Society. National Forest Inventories provide countries with a range of information about their natural resources. This allows for better planning and management of these important forest resources, as well as facilitates better understanding of ecological systems, including carbon stocks and storage. Working together, CNIAF and the US Forest Service have adapted the National Forest Inventory methodology to both make forest inventory in peat wetland forest areas more accessible, as well as integrate soil-carbon measurements given the significance of these soil-carbon-rich forest areas. The large amount of carbon that are stored in these forests, most of it you don't see. Although they do store a lot of carbon in the living biomass, it really is the peat soils where most of the carbon in these systems is found. So we're interested to integrate that methodology into their inventory procedures. It was very difficult to implement the methodologies that they use in other forest types because the wetland forests are very unique in that it's very difficult to move around. They're often inundated, and the work is much more challenging than in other forest types. We really need to have this baseline information in order to estimate how much carbon is at risk when these forests are disturbed and how that affects or can contribute to global climate change. The validated peat-wetland forest methodology includes procedures for data collection in adapted plot and sample units and protocol for soil sampling to quantify below-ground carbon. We found the most peculiar material, which is Turbier. It's a large concentration of organic matter in the soil. How will conservation be done? We're going to ask the US Forest to make a map of the area. With this map, we're going to distribute interest zones, interest zones for fishing, for biodiversity conservation, interest zones for conservation of Turbier. In this case, we're going to make an inventory in each area to evaluate the potentials of each area. When these potentials come out, we're going to plan for the value. We have the control of the data collection. It will be better for us to know how to treat these data, how to analyze these data to get to the end of the chain because we have to find the correct data. And when we get to the treatment, we're a bit perplexed. We are still in the middle and we have to get to the end to know how to define carbon. I think it will be very, very important to achieve the formation. Currently, the US Forest Service is continuing to support SNIAP to find resources to complete the remaining 20% of their forest inventory. In the case of these exchanges, in the case of technical support, of this accompaniment, of this transfer of knowledge, it can help us to manage this part of the country, this part of the data that we don't really know until now. The cooperation between the US Forest Service and the USAID, which is the big institution that gives us our hat. All of this contributes to the dynamism of relations between Congo and the United States of America. Collecting data in these forests will increase knowledge about the globally understudied but ecological important peat wetland areas. In particular, carbon stock estimates will improve understanding of the potential impacts of land use change, such as forest degradation or deforestation. And our hope through this work is that the experience that we're supporting here in the Republic of Congo can be replicated by our partners, USAID, to inform the work going on more broadly in global climate change. The US Forest Service continues to work with SNF and the Republic of Congo Government more globally to support data collection, monitoring, verification and reporting of forest cover and forest change. Forest inventory is one important part of this broader effort. Video Thank you. Are you coming? Aren't the two informative videos right now? We're going to go ahead to the questions we received from you. We're going to try another game. We open a small room for the streamers to take our videos which are very understanding and thank you for what Thank you Laura. Yes exactly, it was the Swamp program that provided us with the videos. Thank you very much for that and so we start with the questions, we received a lot. We will try to answer as many as possible. And I'm going to start by giving a question to Alexander. Excuse me, but the question is, could you please repeat with more precision the differences between the open peatlands, so the open birches in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo, and what we usually find in the west in tropical forests? Thank you for this question. Finally, what I know, so I think there are differences between the open birches in the low zones and the mountainous zones. And so when it's open, it's in the surrounding plains, for example, and so that's linked to the floods. And so on the most part of the birches in the mountains, and so there are more pools that are closed. And so there are often small rivers or rivers, so they are not also dynamic. I can imagine that in the areas, for example, grasslands, they are dominated by both. So you can have birches in the high mountains too, but the vegetation is very different. And so you can also have sand. And so you have hydrological differences, but there are also ecological differences. And so I don't have all the answers. And so I'm just studying the question. And so I showed the different zones in the Congo Basin. And so the situation, I'm studying what we already know about these birches. But in any case, we will continue to improve these information and I will be able to give you more details in the future. Shugi, I hope to pronounce it well. And Alex, you answered several questions in the chat. Could you comment on these questions, for example, to the data that you have been using? Yeah. Okay. So actually what we are doing. This is very important for the Congo Basin, the vegan university here, which has a good collection of cards that we have used. And so at the moment, so it's already in line, two or three years, so you can access these cards. So it was a lot of value for us in our research. This is the first time that we are looking for different approaches through the internet and archives. And so based on these information, and so we are developing a probability card that is based on indirect information. And so you will see the topography of the birches, and so topography, so we try to extract information from the vegetation. So from a card based on the vegetation, starting from SIG. And so there is also a approach to the SIG that is very simple and which is going to give us indirect information. And then we have a certain probability in the existence of a birch. But hey, we also know, for example, if you look at the reports that he mentioned, the fact that there are, for example, birches in the mountains. So if you have an indication like that, and so we are going to go and look at satellite images of this area. So we are going to look at a three-dimensional tool, and so we are going to look exactly where the birch is. And so in the depressions of the seasons, and so what is the appearance, and so our data. So it's a mix of what we can find as information on the area. And so all that we can find on the birch that we are looking for. And then we try to make a classification based on satellite images, or we try to make a map based on probability. And so when we look at the Congo basin, we have made maps based on probability. And so we have already analyzed these different maps. And so we are also based on the expert views. So it's not yet finished with these information. So we just have some ideas where we think about birch trees. I think there may be a lot more than what we have been able to identify so far. And maybe the smallest birch trees in the area of the Congo basin. I think he asked another question about the availability of maps. And so we have maps that are a little indirect as information. And so I put my electronic address in the chat box. And so you can always send me questions directly. And so because I'm going to have more of this information in the future. I'm just working on the question right now. Now I'm going to pass the floor to Mr. Professor Simon Lewis, who has a question for Mr. Patti about the definition of the tower. So Mr. Simon Lewis, if you would like to start. Thank you. Thank you. So I'd like to know why you have chosen a definition of the tower with 50 cm or between 40 and 60% of organic matter, which is the equivalent of the tower that we have used in the Congo area, in our project on the tower, for seven years. Because it's just about putting together the two together to give. And so in the same way, the maps on the towers will be a little incoherent if we don't have the same definition of the tower. So can you explain to us why you have chosen this dimension for the definition of the tower? Mr. Simon Patti, would you like to respond to this question? And I would like to activate your microphone. Thank you very much for the question. But I think this question was answered by the presenter. We have kept these elements because we were shy at the beginning of our experience at the Congo level. It seems that as we go deeper into this question, the elements are only coming into our package. What does it mean? It means that we have to come back here to define our tower in the region. Especially for the people of the Congo. I have just launched this question so that this reaction has been expected. Fortunately for me, the first presenter said that we have to understand the dimension of the tower as a minimum percentage of organic matter. So this question will be answered as we go further on the ground, as we go further into the discussion. The answers to the clarifications in the tower we have in our region. I took this because I wanted to use the information I had under my hand. And it is like the question of what we have to do. It was very important. The process is crossed with the question of our reducer. But it is not me to define this type of project at the same time. You have to put the question on the table to redefine it. Thank you Mr. Patti. I think it is very important to align the mythologies. I just wanted to give you some other information. I have a partner in the Republic of Congo and the RDC. If they can align their research with the data that already exists. It seems to me that everyone will have to use the same definition. Just to recall the objective of our session today. The discussion on the definition of the towers will be discussed after our session. Because today what we want to discuss is how to work on the methodology. I think it can be interesting and important to discuss the methodology. But we can talk after the session on the specific definitions that we will use. Thank you, Felix. We have time for a short question before we continue with the continuation of our webinar. This would be a question to Alex from Mr. Jean Parfait. From what minimum surface can we consider that the ground is a tower? I imagine it is a question for Alexandra. I will translate. From which area you need to have a feetland? I think you can go into very... I think you can have a lot more details. It depends on your objectives. For example, the cartography. You can have a load of 30 square meters. If there are towers now, you can call it a tower. It depends on the scale you are going to use for the towers. It is linked to your objectives in the cartography. You can have a lot of details with a scale of 1 to 5,000. It depends if it is necessary. You can find the towers in this zone. It depends on what you are looking for. As far as the ground is concerned, there is a higher resolution. I know you have a classic resolution of 1 to 1,000. But now, if you are going to build something, you can have 1 to 5,000 or even 1 to 2,000. I don't think it can be applied to a very large area. It really depends on the objective of your cart. You can have a lot of high resolution if it is necessary. Thank you very much for your answer. Now, I see a lot of questions. You have to remember about the return information. There is a lot of need to answer these questions. What do we want to do? I will give the microphone to Pélix to demonstrate the practical approach of what we are going to do today. I think you will be able to show everyone Pélix if you can keep your presentation limited. Thank you. Can you see my screen now? No problem. Thank you. I will start with a short presentation and then continue with a demonstration in QGIS, with the software. The preparation of a mission in the terrain is made up of two parts. The first part is the preparatory study by Alexandre Bartemes. We already talked about it. The second part is the concept of the mission in the terrain. How to assemble the transects or to create a plan of the Chantillian age. A preparatory study is just for recapitulation. We are going to talk about the characteristic of the turtles, which are characterized by the permanent presence of water. First of all, the presence of an organic soil is the turbo. As you have already heard, vegetation is adapted and very specific to these conditions. Here, conditions are influenced by topography such as hydrology, which are the factors of the terrain. So the preparatory study is mainly to collect the information available, which are the maps, very often, the maps of Taubières. If you find direct information that indicates the Taubières, you are very lucky. Here you see a map of Taubières so strong, but the Congopit project has also produced a more detailed map. There is the vegetation of Marais, which can be based on the indications of the Taubières. But we also use digital models of elevation, for example, physical information, and more information on the use of land. Here, in the link, you will find information towards archives and where to find archives. After the collection, the preliminary analysis is done by a great position of all the information that you have found, and that is what I will show soon, in the future. And where, at the end, the locations and distribution of the Taubières as well as the profits of the countries on the Taubières and, in particular, the plans of the Champs-Élysées. If you do not have direct information of the Taubières, you only need to use indicative information such as information on the field, satellite images that indicate the type of coverage of the lands on the Taubières and other indicative data. The conception of the Taubières is, above all, the plan of the Champs-Élysées which must be the most representative possible of a Taubière. On the right, you will see examples of how it could be done. This plan of the Champs-Élysées is based on the purpose of the study. So what do I want to have as a confirmation? Is it just the presence of the tower, for example? Or am I also interested in the carbon content in the ground, the thickness of the tower and the concentration of the carbon in the ground? But also, for what reason? Do I do a research? Or do I want to, for example, create a plan of management of a certain region? After all, you also have to take into account the size and shape of the Taubière, the accessibility of the Taubière for a logistic question, the means of movement and the time I have available and also the security, of course. So we are going to continue now with a concrete example on the ground next to the city of Mbandaka. We did preliminary research with indications of the Taubière. The information that we have assembled in this example is a map of the Taubière of Congopit project. It is a map of the Taubière of the digital world of the terrain and images of free access like Google or Bing. And all these data you will also find under the links for your exercise at home. And the goal is to verify, for us, for this example, to verify the presence and distribution of the tower on the ground and also to do this according to the types of land coverage. I am going to change in my software that you should see now. Can you see it, Maria? Yes, we can see it. So you see here now our area of land which is located just next to the city of Mbandaka which appears in the south-east which is surrounded by the red line. It is the botanical garden in this botanical garden. And when you start to do an analysis of the terrain with I start now with the satellite images of Google or Bing. And on these satellite images you see different types of land coverage. Here there are housing which are still part of the city but which are already in the area of land. And I'm going to zoom and just next to these housing you have other types like agriculture areas but also as you can see here forest areas and different types of forest. So I do a first visual analysis of my place to find areas of land that could have waterfalls. And for me now I tell you that these forest areas forest with a lot of trees and a few trees are already being planted. But also the area in the northeast which is open vegetation is bare which is directly located on the edge of the river and which seems very humid too as you can see. So this is for a preliminary inspection I can now add the map that indicates in the area these forest areas as well as the waterfalls so this is a strong indication already. And you see here the resolution of the map which is quite good so it already gives me the best impression where could the waterfalls be found. This waterfalls map is based on vegetation but now we found this second waterfalls map of SIFOR and you see that the distribution indicated is different. You also see that the resolution of this map is different less detailed and I can tell you that the SIFOR map is based not on vegetation but on topography of the modelization of hydrology. So it adds information as you can see in the north-east the waterfalls areas which can be detailed. With this we can just add for example the digital model of the terrain which shows the forests we can see the forests which are more clear it's higher and it's higher because there are trees which are higher than the terrain in the surrounding areas. With these information this visual analysis which is simplified of course but which gives you an example you have to create the tionage plan how to do it? You have to put the transects in the field to cover our information of the waterfalls. I will remove the SIFOR map and get there. So we have in order to cover the type of we have in order to cover the type of cover or use of the lands which are super positioned with other information of the waterfalls. For example here and here my colleague Alexandra she prepared transects suggestions for the time that I will show you here. She put the transects which cover different types of land which go from the limit of a probably to the middle which covers the areas of the territory and the forests but which also take into account the accessibility. So it begins on the road or near the houses. Where am I now? Alex You have seven minutes for this but if you can go faster no problem. I will show you again to talk about some examples how to localize and put the transects in a field. For the work in the field and the professor I think access the forests it takes a lot of time and it's very difficult so you have to take into account when you position a transect to take samples that it takes a lot of time to access a forest and not to do it too long. After putting the transects you have to decide where to take samples and then Alex prepares the points which are just an example and put the samples at a similar distance equal through the transects. This is an example it can also be different it depends the length of the transects it depends on the change of vegetation for example on the edge to have a reduced distance and when it changes vegetation can take a longer distance. With this I assume that there will be questions and I am curious what you will find if you have questions technical questions I ask you to keep in mind that this is just an example to show the principles of the development of a sample plan. Thank you Maria I don't see any questions directly related to the task I don't see any directly linked to this task there is no question there is a question concerning the numerical model of the terrain and the special resolution and Alexandra has to answer it concerns 30 meters but otherwise you can continue to send your questions concerning this practical exercise there is also a question concerning the application and the charging and everything comes through the information that Laura will send you and also we will share the recording with you and it is very clear what you will present Felix and so maybe you can explain what each one has to do before the next session this example also to prepare to let you practice yourself those who already have experiences with the software of geographical information will not have any problems for all others we have prepared one of the introductory how to download the software how to download the data for example and also with information how to use it then it is necessary for such a work to be able to use this software it can also be another software of geographical information I will now present the task of duty an instance please here we are can you see it? yes, we can see it we have prepared a little exercise in which you can repeat this development of the sample with the same data that I showed you in a area just next to and also in my Bandaka as you can see on the map on the left we ask you to use if you don't have this QJS software it is free access and free with a lot of possibilities we ask you to use the digital map of the field the bière maps which are at your disposal together with the instructions under this link and with the free access images as I said we ask you to take into account as I showed you the different types of use and coverage of the lands to identify the most interesting areas these different types of coverage there is a whole set of marraigeuse there is marraigeuse forest between palm trees there is marraigeuse palm trees there is agriculture the fields rather than bush there is housing there is the mosaic of what is called terra firme terra firme are the mineral soils so they are organic soil and there are marraigeuse trees which are rather open which are not forested normally so that to guide you so your task will be to delimit the zones of different types of use by creating polygons using the satellite images also to create polygons or form files there are instructions in our document that you can download under the links by using the satellite images and considering the types of use of terra that I showed you and then place the six transects place six transects with four locations of sample both form files taking into account the coverage and also a point of view of diminishing the effort of work on the field accessibility for example this is the little exercise for you to practice to play a little bit with the software also and to prepare for the development of a sample plan as I said all the information you will find under the links also the presentations will be available after this webinar and with that I am curious the discussion or questions that you have thank you if you want to take a little moment just to just to think about what is the potential questions and I saw Laura you wanted to say something to you we have Emmanuel and Marie Lissane so you can activate your microphone if possible to you thank you we hear you go ahead for the question first of all thank you I see that the explanations were clear thank you everyone just the little precision I would like to have just a little presentation on the map the sample plan I refer to Liffen if we have to do the descent of the terrain are we going to define things at the office when I said at the office here in Kinshasa for example at the macro level or are we going to have the points in an indicative title of the Liffen sample plan we know that the Liffen unit is at such a place and when we arrive at the level of the terrain we can have the possibility to do spatial maps with a large scale able to take into account all these aspects of the specificity of the terrain I explain to you it is particularly in relation to access I do not know because when we are going to manipulate the images are we going to be able to decelerate the difficulty related to accessibility because the small experience of the terrain with the Liffen when we did the equation there were always things that were a little surprising when we were on the terrain and as a technician we were called to be able to adapt on the terrain the maps that were elaborated at the macro level and on the field we were called to do other small maps to be able to give us access to the terrain are we going to proceed in this way or there will be another approach when we are going to define the methodology in a detailed way thank you very much Mr. Emmanuel thank you, it was a good question I want to look if Mr. Patti you would like to answer Mr. Emmanuel and if not Felix for a complete document to you with pleasure thank you for your words I think all the concept will be done it is in the office when we have to define the site and each site has to start at some point the beginning of our process will be known in the office in the latitude and the latitude where it starts for example the difficulty of the terrain we can not necessarily know well that the terrain of another way is difficult I wanted to insist on this to not have fear of the terrain if you want to go on the terrain you must be in good health and you must be able to face the difficulties and I think we have seen the discussion of images of high resolution it is already possible to avoid the first difficulties to orient the access points more easily so that we can only face the difficulties of the process with my colleague Emmanuel we know that a process does not follow at all when there is a difficulty we turn the difficulty this is where it consumes a little more we will not walk in the river or in the rocky river to reach our point of view we can control the accessibility zone to reach our point of view since the measures are made at a point already identified at the office at this moment between the two points there is a difficulty we turn the difficulty as we do the good must be done that's what I wanted to say also that there are other hands to lift only a few minutes I propose that we do to respect those who have to leave at 5 or 6 hours in a few minutes that we now pass the key message and then we can continue to address some of the questions that have come otherwise as promised we will send you a document with the answers to all the questions of course it is not the same as the one that was discussed I insist that on the field we will have a lot of time to exchange now I pass you Laura and Laura and then we will continue a few minutes to answer the remaining questions Laura, thank you yes so we will outline a few key messages for the field and we have to review the use of the back as Mr. Mappati said to explain and also the classification of the turn in February because it determines the aspect of the turn to identify in the terrain and the prevention of the turn and we must measure with exactity the depth, the apparent density of the ground and the container in organic material and we must also review in a way of preservation of the turn and the protocol proposed in the field for rapid evaluation of the turn and the turn and we also have you in Mr. Mappati presentation and finally the key messages for the session and in this session we have explored the type of turn present in the region by knowing the ecological characteristics of the turn and the training status and these criteria are the basis for the turn and identify sites development of the study on the organic turn and and the protocol we have presented is based on the self protocol and the series line RANSAR which propose practical approaches and collective procedures to give in the terrain and for the turn and I think we can finish this session thank you for your participation and we send you the registration and all the materials for your information and to practice and advice and so thank you very much and to the partners and to SWAMP and to the US Forest Service and the partners of the World Initiative for the turn thank you very much many thanks Laura some good key messages there the message is very important and so we can since the end of our official part if you have any questions or comments that you want to share with us we can continue 10-15 minutes if you want but well I would like to thank all our partners who made this session possible so now the next session we will not have so the finances to send a large group on the terrain and so we are still discussing all these questions with your ministry and we are reviewing and so the possibility to have a mission on the terrain and so we can maybe send you some people so if you have experts on site and so they can maybe join the mission on the terrain and so in any case we will always stay in contact with you and so all those who are willing to join the mission on the terrain and so we are very open to different methodologies and different approaches so that we can thank you very much and so many thanks to our presenter Elix and Laura who prepared this session intensively with Alexandra Olivia from our USFS and so thank you very much all the participants and so we will maybe stop the recording and so now just for practical problems I will start another recording just for this unofficial part and so I see a hand which was raised by Mr. Mani from RBC and so I will maybe give the floor to Mr. Inyami Mr. you have the floor who raised the hand it was just to comment a little I think I put something in the discussion so in reference to the presentation of Mr. Basil who was very relevant with whom we were on the ground and other presentations when we finished the mission of the terrain with Mr. Basil we presented a report that had been submitted to the Minister of Environment and to the other participants of the IFAO it was a question we suggested to be able to see in what measure we were going to establish a specific field of field for the RDC the field and the field that we used at the IFAO especially it was to take into account the specificities of the terrain as we just presented here the different strats that we have in the area and maximize the information so that's a little bit also in the line of what was presented by Mr. Pati I suggest to the team, I know that the means are limited to the experts associated with this team botanists so we also have botanists who have a role to play especially when I saw the presentation of Mr. Pati he talked about the field description and these are areas most of the botanical information of the studies that have been carried out in the central area these are areas that have not been really investigated especially at the colonial time because accessibility is difficult while we have local botanists who know the environment well I suggest in the most possible way to be able to associate them in this field mission because we have work with Mr. Basile one of the exercises was to see with the map that was carried out by the Congopit project how are we going to meet the areas of the field with the vegetation and the biodiversity characteristic of this ecosystem so we need this thank you very much thank you very much Mr. here are some good points for the entire field in age I will now swap to English apologies for the interruption I'm going to talk now and there was also a question about the transects and what is the orientation of the transects and in the field mission and what is the distance between the transects so first it's Alexandra and then it's Télix thank you for the question again the orientation of the transects and so it's not the objective of the map and also the size of your tower or how much the tower is and how much time you have to cover the area and so if it's very big and you just have time to do for example 6 to 7 transects and 2 to 3 weeks and so you are going to adjust the distance between the transects to give you the possibility to cover the area in very little time if you have a big distance it's very small and so you have the possibility to cover the transects so all the points of the objective of your map and so we don't have to answer this question we will adjust the distance of the tower and also the funding available so Télix not much to add I also tried to answer this question in the window answer question and it's really a question individual and you have to evaluate it K by K we can't give general rules except that often transects are oriented towards the areas that we assume with the depths the biggest of the tower but apart from that it's difficult to generalize these questions thank you so the square has a depth of 50 cm if for example you have to lift a rectangle up to 100 cm how to lift these rectangles without contaminating this rectangle knowing that the square has to pass from 0 to 50 cm maybe a question for you in fact the square has a depth of 50 cm when we remove the first 50 cm the next we go back to a place that hasn't been reached at this moment we add an extension of 50 cm so that it passes but when we force the skin at the moment of rotation it's difficult to remove it and the curvature is pushed on the tower the tower so when we remove the square the tower is locked in the hole just the quantity that we need to fill the hole at this moment we can't imagine that the new square when we remove is contaminated I think it's clear yes it's very clear if someone still has questions about that, don't hesitate to answer I would like to take the question of Irbil partially maybe you are happy you have already answered the question when and how can we judge the level of disturbance of the tower from different human activities so this is about the assessment of the peatlands and yes, how do you define the different levels of degradation? I will try and so if for example you have a tower drainage and so the vegetation is already removed and so the water level is lowered for a long period of time and so the tower will change and so I will become the earth and so you see the decrease of the tower and so you will have the vibrancy and so another kind of plant and so if you have a scale so you will apply from 1 to 10 in terms of the tower and so the stages of degradation so you will take the tower in the hand and you will crush it and so you will try the organic material will come out with compressed water and so you will see how much you have the growth or the degradation of your tower so that's just a technique to see so now if you have seen a tower which is virgin and then you see and so in a tropical climate where you have only a few years of growth so you have for example deforestation and so the use of avicol so you will see a big difference and so it's just the technical part and so I spoke in English there was also a question so how can you see apart the use of the earth how can you judge the level of deforestation so I think the most important indicator is the level of water for example if you have subsistence agriculture and so people did not drain the earth but they dug they took away a little bit of the tower and so they can develop some small fields but they did not completely drain the water so the impact will not be so intense that if you have drained the whole tower and so they put the ingress on it and so the most important indicator is the drainage in other words how much has been drained on the entire area of the tower and so if you have drained the whole tower and so now it's about the American forest so if you remove the forest you have the same problem because the forest will get used and so the water and so you will have a lot of damage already in the ecological system already and so if you have intensive agriculture you will have intensive drainage and so it will bring a very negative impact and so it's not at all the same impact that if you just see the farmers who are surviving with subsistence agriculture and so you will have more or less the surface we see that one last question for the moment which is, does it already exist of a unit of deforestation identified as for the forestry inventory where all the units of deforestation are already defined can I Mr. Pati ask you this question would you like to answer Mr. Pati thank you we hear you well now yes of course does it already exist of a unit of deforestation identified as for the forestry inventory where all the units are already defined so I assume unit of deforestation have you seen the question we have I have seen the question all that we could do at our level is units of deforestation that were defined by the national inventory not specifically for the not specifically for the turbines and these deforestation or this plant of deforestation was about 25 km between two fields it is not practical to do a category unless we redefine the path to cover the whole area what does it say we will multiply the number of deforestation maybe 10 by 20 of the intensive deforestation but for the moment we do not have a specific deforestation for the turbines and specific to do the category we will have to redefine according to the means that are available because the deforestation is more expensive according to the density the density that you want to give to your plant that is what I can bring to the community thank you very much for this answer and is there an open question still Maria I think we have already spent a little time but if people can always stay with us and it is a question that the quantity of the turbine varies from one place to the other I want to know how many different places the fields are raised to have a good variability and this one could be of course also as also from the Kongobit team as I see you are also online today I have a lot for that I am copying the question now in the chat and I will also try to do a quick translation but maybe Alexandra would you like to answer this first and then we can also hand over to M. if you can give some rules of thumb or something like that over to Alexandra this is a very difficult question actually it is a very difficult question because it is a very large zone and so you have borders where you have changes in the use of the land where you are following the deforestation and so it is difficult to have access and so to move in certain areas there is not always security and so it is difficult to know for me to make a judgment and so you have the numbers for example but I think it is very important to have certain zones where you have certain reservations but good where you have the possibility of a tower where there is no change and maybe you can define certain zones in time where you are going to be able to define and so you can use these zones and so in the zones where you have the deforestation and so you have the zones and it seems to me that you will have a lot of changes in the quality of your tower and so I could also ask the question to M. Patti if you have something to add can I replace it? Yes I see that M. Patti has something to say M. Patti Thank you for the word I think when I made the presentation I talked about the spatial dimension that we have to try and for the Pitland now and when we did the demonstration of the cartography we saw that we did the processing of many charts to have visual aspects of the determination of what we want to do I think the chart of occupation is very very important to be able to discriminate the zones where we can go or where we can not go there is also this dimension of accessibility this dimension of accessibility to be able to realize because there are areas that can take a lot of time access to take information without without hiding you the dimension of security the dimension of security first the touristic aspect you really have to explain it to local authorities through touristic the first material but it's the study of the soil and that and that when the authorities do not secure you we can talk about everything we want to do this cartography now there is one aspect that to move further we have to we have to pay attention to the team to have the guides that can lead us to the point of collecting the data that's what I could complicate as a guide in the resolution research of this project thank you very much Mr. Patti I think that for the moment we have to finish the discussion for the moment I thank you very much Greta Dargi I see the other answer which is the longest transit that the team of Kongopit was 20 km long in general it was between the 6 and the 10 km of long thank you very much Greta and I think that with that we will now finish our session today thank you very much for all the questions I see that we have answered about 30 questions today a very active session thank you very much for the participation and especially the expertise shared by our presenters we will send you as quickly as possible the registration as well as the tasks to practice at home and then more information as quickly as possible thank you very much everyone and good evening