 You may remember back in volume 2 I compared the effects of different cooking methods on the phytonutrients in broccoli. Well last year, food scientists outdid themselves. They looked at 20 different vegetables, 6 different cooking methods, and then looked at three separate measures of antioxidant activity. That's over 300 separate experiments to figure out what's the best way to cook our vegetables. First though, let's figure out the worst. In terms of loss of antioxidant content, baking, boiling, frying, George Foreman, nuking, or pressure cooking, the worst is boiling. What's the second worst? The pressure cooking. When we use these wet cooking methods, some of the nutrition is lost into the cooking water. Maybe less than you think, though. When averaged over those 20 vegetables, boiling only removes about 14% of the antioxidant. So if you really like boiled broccoli, fine. Just eat one more floret. Seven florets of boiled broccoli has all the antioxidant power of six florets of raw broccoli. So the best way to eat your veggies is really whichever way will get you to eat the most of them, with the exception of frying, which just adds way too many empty calories. What's the gentlest cooking method, though? Out of these remaining four, which preserves antioxidants the best? It was the microwave, preserving 97.3% of the antioxidants. But that's on average across 20 vegetables. There was one vegetable whose antioxidants get clobbered, no matter how you cook it. Up to 75% of the antioxidant power gone. Which is the one vegetable really best to eat raw? Artichoke hearts, asparagus, beets, broad beans, broccoli— I hope we don't have to eat raw Brussels sprouts— cauliflower, carrots, celery, eggplant, garlic, green beans, leeks, corn on the cob, onions, peas, bell pepper, spinach, swish chard, or zucchini. The most vulnerable vegetable is bell peppers. Do try to eat those raw. On the other hand, there were three vegetables that weren't affected by cooking at all. You could even boil them and lose no antioxidants. Can you guess at least one of the three? The three were artichokes, beets, and onions. Boil away. Asparagus actually gets honorable mention here, unaffected by all but frying, so you can boil asparagus, too. Final question, and perhaps most interesting, there are two vegetables that, no matter what you do to them, they increase in antioxidant value. They become healthier. Which two are they? First, the honorable mentioned green beans. With the exception of boiling and pressure cooking, they actually increase in antioxidant power when you cook them. Microwave green beans are actually healthier than raw green beans. But which two vegetables always increase in value, no matter how you cook them? Carrots and celery. So when you make a nice vegetable soup, we're actually boosting the nutrition.