 In General Studies paper 2, two questions are from modern Indian history. One is question number 3, evaluate the policies of Lord Cousin and their long-term implication on the national movement. The question consists of two parts. One is how to write the policies and measures taken by Lord Cousin. One page, another page, what kind of long-term implication? Since he took so many measures, for example, Calcutta Corporation Act, Police Reform Commission, Ancient Monument Preservation Act, University Act, these are all the measures along with that is the partition of Bengal. Normally an aspirant would commit the mistake, they would beat around the bush of the Sureshi movement. If you simply write beat around the bush of Sureshi movement, second part is correct, but you have not answered the first part. So, the first part is you have to list out the policies and two lines explanation. Because the question is this, evaluate the policies, so various policies. In that one of the policy you can do this question, you can write Sureshi movement. So, this should be at least for three-fourth or one page. Next one page, you should elaborate the Sureshi movement, that is a long-term. Police reform, University Act, just two lines, just to give a hint, that's enough. After that, you come to the Sureshi movement, then Sureshi movement and the long-term impact. In this, you can give more analytical point, because it was Carson at first who discarded the suppressing the Muslim concept. There was normally British policy since 1857 revolt. What was the British policy of 18, after 1857 revolt towards Muslim and regarding 1857 revolt? The 1857 revolt was the conspiracy of Muslim. This is what the British considered. Since 1857 till the arrival of Carson, all followed the repressive policy towards the Muslims. But it was Carson who changed this mindset. Here you can write, that culmination is Sureshi movement, that is the partition, sorry. Here is the partition of Bengal and led to the Sureshi movement. So, here is the partition of Bengal. This analysis you shall give it in the second part. Normally aspirant would write this alone, you would not be given score. In this, this partition of Bengal had both plus and minus. What is the plus and long-term of the national movement? It is a eye-opener for the Indian nationalist, especially for the Congress. Throughout the moderate period, no major national movement. But with the partition of Bengal, anti-partition movement, Sureshi movement, our national movement entered into new phase. This is one positive aspect. And it drew so many people, especially here only students and women, first time participated in large scale. So, one positive aspect which everlasting in the national movement was many people. It widened the base by including so many people into the national movement. And it is a one thing, gradually later become non-cooperationment, civil disobedience, quit India movement, August 15 1947. This is one side of the long standing. At the same time, negative is also there. What is the negative is? It is a divide and rule policy, especially the creation of Bengal, western part of Bengal for Muslim majority. This side is the Hindu majority. So, this has the long-term implication. So, first thing, partition of Bengal. Second long-term implication is the separate electorate system for Muslim. Third long-term implication is the separate electorate system given to other. Fourth long-term implication is the partition of India. So, partition of Bengal is the rehearsal to the partition of India. This is a long term. It is a rehearsal. That way you have to write. This is the exact thing of writing. Just two lines noted down. Since it is a 10 more question, no need to elaborate everything. And even I would say, even you can think beyond 1947, how I would say is, Lord Cousin partitioned Bengal province in 1905. 1947 partition of India. And what happened 1971? Even you can write, it has the longest impact. That eastern part of Bengal later become east Pakistan. 1971 become Bangladesh. If you finish this answer, excellent. Normally, since it is a modern India question, an aspirant try to end with partition of India. But you can go one step ahead and even you can write of this also. That is creation, till the creation of Bangladesh. This is the way of approaching to this question. Question number 13. Since the decades of 1920s, it is very clear. Since the decades, they have given 1920s. But what is the end? End is up to 1947. Normally, decades means they try to finish up to 1930s. No. They never asked between 1920s to 1930s. They asked the entire thing. Since the decades of 1920s to 1940s. Since so answer, end is open. Since the decades of 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideological strength and thereby expanded its social base. Even the same question in the case of Sudhaesi movement also. Already, Sudhaesi movement added the social base by including the student as well as the women. Here, since 1920s, the national movement acquired various ideology. What kind of ideology here is? The first ideology is the congress related. Normally, an aspirant would commit mistake of simply writing congress ideology. For example, Gandhian phase. Here only Gandhian phase. They try to write civil disobedience movement on co-operation with Kirtaniaman. Normally, this is one ideology. Don't simply answer this alone. Because question is national movement, not congress movement. So, Gandhian phase. And all the Gandhian movement, NCM, CDM, a brief idea. Here just non-cooperation. Here civil disobedience. Here complete Kirtaniaman. Second is if you see why 1970s, 20s is 1917 Russian revolution. Russian revolution and the rise of socialist ideas. It's a second idea. Socialist ideas. Because of socialist idea, revolutionaries, HSRA, HSRA, another is congress socialist party. Because of HSRA, youngsters entered. So, social base is included. Even with the arrival of Gandhiji, social base was included. Social base. Present participated. First time present participated in the national movement during Gandhian phase. Here youngsters participated. This is a second socialist base. And third, third is the revolutionary organization. So, here instigated the youngsters. So, youngsters started revolutionary. Revolutionary. I or Indian Republican army, Suryasen. Even in the Bengal group, women also actually participated. It's a third. And fourth, fourth is here also rise of the peasants. Peasants also. So many peasant movement. All India Kishan Sabha, UP, Awad Kishan Sabha, UP Kishan Sabha, that is also awakening. Not only that. Because of socialist idea, working class people also. Working class. This is the social base and ideology. Whenever ideology is widened, so many people will be included and social base. So, this is what the thing. Two kind of way you can answer. One is, first you can write various ideologies. Various ideologies you can write. Even in 1940s, an army, INA, it's a well trained that is Indian national army. Initially revolutionaries was not that much trained, but under Subha's army, army concept. These are all various ideologies. Women, workers, peasant, revolutionaries, socialist, another side. This is what they brought. How you can answer to this question is two way. One is, you can write various ideology in one and a half page. Various ideology. Next, you can write again the same ideology because of that social base. So, because of this, women participated. Because of this, youngster participated. Because of this, likewise. This is one set of answer writing. Another set of answer writing is ideology. We'll mentioning about ideology because of that participation. Because of this ideology, these people participated. This is also one type. But better thing is, since it's a very open-ended, it's very particular, not open-ended, particular, 1947, just the introduction, here itself you can provide various ideology. So, this may be the second paragraph. And third paragraph, one where we explain, if you provide a timeline and so on so based on ideology, the evaluator immediately would appreciate the aspirant new different ideologies. Previously, in 2018 or 17, this is same. In that, they have asked question 1920s to 1940s, what kind of various ideology. But there is 1920s to 30s or 40s. But here is 1920s till 1947, open-ended ideology. Even another one ideology you can add, here is the communalism also. Because that communal based, the religious nationalism also. Both liberal, liberal nationalism otherwise extreme nationalism. Communal based nationalism also. That's also one kind of ideology. So, general explanation to this question and you can answer in two way.