 So, welcome to course CE330, this is geotechnical engineering 2 and the prerequisite for this course is CE323 that is geotechnical engineering 1. In some colleges you name these courses as soil mechanics 1 and soil mechanics 2 for the under graduates. So, in CE323 that is geotechnical engineering 1, what I have done is I have tried to make you understand about soil as a material. And if you go through the contents of the course, the course basically dealt with characterization of the soils and for characterization we started with the genesis of the soil, origin of the soil, its depositional characteristics and so on. And from there we switched over to the characterization methodologies by conducting different tests we have tried to understand the basic characteristics of the material soil and then we have tried to answer the questions that how to utilize this material as the engineering material, how to compact it that was under the compaction chapter which we studied. And later on I moved on to the seepage theory, how the percolation of water takes place through the soils and nowadays people are calling this phenomena as soil water interaction. This has become a major theme for research and for the studies. And followed by this we were talking about the compression characteristics of soil that is the compressibility and consolidation characteristics and then this is where I introduce the concept of one dimensional consolidation and generalized form of one dimensional consolidation was the three dimensional consolidation that is the sand drains, band drains. So in short soil has been considered as a material and how we can quantify its characteristics. Now this course geotechnical engineering 2 primarily will deal with understanding this material as a engineering material. So I am sure most of you must have done the course on fluid mechanics, solid mechanics and soil being a new material the mechanics of the soils you might not have studied. But the only difference between the fluid mechanics and the solid mechanics would be we are introducing here the concept of the material which is soils mostly predominantly generated by the natural phenomena. Nowadays people are talking about the manmade soils also. Good example would be industrial waste and the waste which is coming out of the municipalities in the form of MSW. So the concepts of the material and how to utilize this as an engineering material that is what I am going to focus more on this course that is the geotechnical engineering 2. My suggestion would be please very quickly revise the concepts of you know geotechnical engineering 1 so that you do not fiddle with the mechanics part of this when we discuss in the geotechnical engineering 2 and the flow of this course becomes quite smooth. Another thing which I would like to say is most of the problems which you are facing in the society in terms of the infrastructure development you will find that this course is going to be extremely contemporary and the concepts which you have acquired until now in geotechnical engineering 1 would be directly applied to solve day to day problems. Let me begin with the books the books which I had recommended for CE323 would still remain valid for this course, but this course being a specialized course I would suggest that whenever time permits not during your undergraduate but even the later on you should definitely go through the books particularly if you are going to be a civil engineer and a practicing engineer. So the number one book I still would suggest is Soil Mechanics by Craig there is another good book that is that is principles of geotechnical engineering this is by BM Das there is another interesting book not for really undergraduates but when you are practicing or if you really want wish to continue in geotechnical engineering later on you should refer to Soil Mechanics by Lambe and Whitman this is TW Lambe and RV Whitman it is an excellent book whenever time permits please have a look at the chapters the way they have been introduced in this book another book on the subject would be essentials of Soil Mechanics and foundations the basic geotechnics the word or the term which is normally used for geotechnical engineering in contemporary era is geotechnics alright that means the techniques related to a material which is of geological origin geo is earth and techniques so this includes everything alright. So this is by McCartney this slightly advanced book theoretical Soil Mechanics by Terzaghi the next one is introductory Soil Mechanics and Foundations this is by Sovers and Sovers slightly advanced book so I would not really recommend you to go through this book at this stage but you should be knowing that there are guys who have written books like this another good book would be Soil Mechanics and Foundations by Muniram Budhu you might have to refer a book on some specific topic and more circle stress paths and geotechnics by R. H. Perry I will be beginning the discussion on the subject by linking the concepts of solid mechanics with the material which is soils and this is where this book will become very handy more circles stress paths and geotechnics and the book is by R. H. Perry Richard Perry there is another book Soil Mechanics in engineering practice by Carl Terzaghi G. Messery Terzaghi Peck Hansen Thornman and then followed by Messery so this is the linkage alright these are the guys who started the subject another interesting book which you might have to refer to would be Soil Strength and Slope Stability this is the book by J. Michel Duncan SG Wright there is another version of geotechnical engineering book by BM Das some of you would like to refer this this is Advanced Soil Mechanics by BM Das those of you who are very seriously thinking of pursuing your careers in geotechnics soil mechanics and for unsaturated soils normally I would not be discussing the concepts of unsaturated soils in this subject because at undergraduate level unsaturated soils is beyond the scope of the course but because you have done capillarity and other things in the basic soil mechanics so those of you who are very eager to understand how soils behave under their unsaturated state this is the book but when we are solving problems related to slope stability and retention schemes you will realize that the concepts of unsaturated soil mechanics will be utilized now this is the book by D. G. Fredlund and Rahat Joe is known as H. Rahat Joe there is another interesting book Fundamentals of Soil Behavior and this is the book by J. K. Michel and Soga very contemporary book and in case you want to pursue your career further you should follow this book because these are the guys who are really champions in their subject unfortunately you will notice that I have not really missed at any book by yes you are right. So my suggestion to you will be please do not refer any of those books to save you from further difficulties and the reason is very simple these are the Bibles original books alright most of the other books and the derivatives are cut and paste. So please do not consult any of the books which I have not referred here you know why very slowly you will discover that our philosophies do not match fine. So when philosophies do not match that please do not follow the books which I have not listed over here fine good. So you continue with the RF crank I am sure you must have realized that it is going to be a ocean of information and which is really beyond the timetable of undergraduates agreed. So what I suggest is unlike the previous course where you were tentative in attending lectures and not attending lectures this course unless you attend the lectures I am sure you will not be able to follow much because I enjoy teaching this course as I said in my own style and it would be good for you to follow the lectures come to the classes stop me wherever you are thinking that you are not following things and have discussion. On your own it would be very difficult for you to study this course because I will really venture into the philosophy of the material and which normally you will not find written in books much alright. So my suggestion is that apart from this lectures participation in the class is very very important so my idea is when you are interacting I try to learn whatever is at the back of your mind and as you introduce yourself just now you come from different parts of the world cities the problems which you are facing are very different and typical and for an individual it is not possible to you know visit all the places. So your questions are really going to help me as a researcher forget about as a teacher clear. So as a researcher unless you come across new problems you would not really learn much so my suggestion is please interact much as much as you can and relate it with wherever you visit alright that is the way to study soil engineering too because the concepts are already with you how to apply them where and how and how much is an art. So this is mostly a practice oriented course so it is a interface between fluid mechanics solid mechanics what we call as soil mechanics application part and then we will create several situations where you are going to use these concepts this is fine I will start a bit on the rigid body mechanics which you must have done in your engineering mechanics course applied to soils alright the strength of materials I am sure you have done a course on this applied to soils so I will be initiating the discussion with Mohr circle you remember a bit of this or you have forgotten brush up your concepts though I will teach them in the class because these are the basic tools which you will be utilizing in the entire course fine so concentrate more on this topic yield criteria and then Mohr and Mohr Coulomb failure criteria I will be talking about the strength of soils as a material as you know we talk about two types of soils the granular materials cohesive so granular soils are the ones mostly sands and above that size range so sands gravels boulders etc and cohesive soils are the fine grained soils this is where we will be talking about the influence of physical chemical aspects on the strength of the materials shear strength of the materials we are mostly interested in shear strength determination of the soils so when I say strength we normally do not talk about compressive strength of soils we talk about the shear strength that means this course primarily deals with the material characteristics when material is getting sheared the type of loading is shearing not compressive because most of the problems in geomechanics which we come across are the situations where there is a movement of the soil mass fine so we talk about the shear strength we will talk about the shear strength determination so I normally write this as SS shear strength determination and when we talk about the shear strength determination normally there are two techniques the laboratory and the field we call them as shear strength parameters so determination of shear strength parameters this is going to be the first part of the course the second part of the course would be application of shear strength theory so as far as this application of shear strength theory is concerned I tend to spend about 7 to 8 lectures on this to be conservative side 7 to 10 this is the plastic equilibrium alright that means we are stepping out of the elastic zone and we are talking about the plastic equilibrium of the soils application of shear strength theory number one alright and this is where we will be talking about active and passive earth pressures is a part of this would be but you can say it as a C part would be further applications to theory of earth pressure here we will be discussing several example problems as retaining walls excavations we will be talking about bracing and cuts struts sorry cuts will not come here excavation and cuts can be put together bracing and struts support systems we are discussing about free and anchored bulkheads slurry walls this is going to consume quite a bit time this is going to be an exhaustive course and the deep part would be the last and final would be stability of slopes so what you I would like to convey here is having studied the shear strength aspects of the material how to utilize them case study number one in general alright plastic equilibrium in soils with different applications real life situations the second is stability of slopes normally we talk about instability so the way I would teach this course or the topic is I will be talking about instability clear because an engineer is more concerned about when something is going to fail and how to stop it soil mechanics or geotechnical engineering to will stop here and the next semester you are going to do application of shear strength that is the foundation so now the journey is going to be up to this point fourth year first semester you are going to do foundations of different types shallow foundation the foundation pile foundations anchors marine structures moorings floating foundation what not clear so truly speaking the compartments are like this geotechnical engineering one was the introduction to the material agreed it is mechanistic point of view when I shear what happens when I can find what happens when I apply stress about happens when I strain at what happens how the material behaves and then applications clear so this is going to be a dedicated course at PG level each of these chapters is going to be a dedicated course fine and remember that this is a subject which I practice clear so there is a professional interest also