 Maybe let's turn to the room, to the audience, would there be questions, comments, Philippe, you would like, Mrs. Guarn? Yeah, may I say I'm a bit surprised, because in listening to you, I had the impression that the food problem was just a technological one, and with some money invested in the private sector there wouldn't be any more food problem. You didn't speak about one individual called the farmer, neither perhaps a bit, our friend from Nigeria, did you speak about public policies? May I remind you that in the 30s, Europe was a net food importer, that in the 50s the PL480 was created in the United States to send food aid, especially grains, to India. That very India, which is now threatening the food markets with embargo because they are exporter of rice, of sugar, of wheat. Where are the successes of Europe, of India? Perhaps technology is yes, but at first it was public policies, the common agricultural policy in Europe, and what is not enough studied, the Indian agricultural policy with a guarantee of renovative prices for farmers. Don't you think this is this thing which is important, that's true that Africa is dependent, is importing Nigeria, you're the world's biggest with Egypt. In fact, Nigeria in Egypt, you're the world's biggest wheat importer. In the 50s, Nigeria was a net food exporter, you were the biggest exporter of palm oil, if I remember. So don't you think that the first problem is a problem of public policy, of agricultural policies, and unfortunately in some of your countries, farmers don't vote or their political power is fairly limited. Well understood. The rebellion of public policy, let me ask before you. Maybe I'm going to ask Mrs. Korn also to intervene because we don't have much time left and then all of you will get a chance to include Mrs. Korn. Certainly I feel, thank you very much, first of all, thank you very much for sharing with us your very extraordinary activities and after Mr. Shalman's question, I feel suddenly, you know, my question is not very, very important, but I personally, I'm convinced that the technology is really one of the very important solution to the problem of our food insecurity issue, and especially just for that, I have a small question to Mr. Bach and I'm a personally very, very fascinated by this smart farm technology. But, you know, as one of the person who like very much to eat very good food, my concern is, you know, all products from a smart farm, do you think they can contain the same nutritional quality or taste? Okay, so again, you know, I think there's a third question. Unfortunately, very quickly, please, madam. It's very short. Yes, I was just surprised to hear that genetically modified GMOs, what it's all, the GMOs are sort of normalized now because they appear to be safe. What is that? Is there something official about that now? And that there's normally the World Organization, Mr. is here, maybe he would confirm has not really approved that. So can you give clarity on that issue? Thank you. Okay, fine. Thank you very much. So GMOs, maybe two minutes each so that we stick into our time frame. Mr. Bach, if you wish to start. I think the method we use in indoor vertical farm or controlled, you know, environment agriculture is different from like GMO. So we don't do any, you know, the fabrication to the crops. The only thing we do is we basically use water and nutrient and we don't use soil. Soil is actually something it can hold the crops, but we use some other methodology to hold the crops and then basically feeding nutrient. So when I say, you know, the theoretically modifying the taste or the ingredients, it's mainly done by controlling climate. So for example, the Korean strawberry is very sweet. If you try Korean strawberry, the sweetness is more twice more than the strawberry in US. They are typically grown in, you know, the traditional, the greenhouse. The reason Korean strawberry is sweet is not because it's modified. It's because of the temperature difference between the during the daytime and during the nighttime. So that's the techniques we are using it. When I say controlling the climate, so if you want to make strawberry sweeter, then, you know, you can control the difference in the temperature. Some of the. Thank you, Mr. Farber. Fortunately, everybody has to get a chance. So very quickly, 30 seconds. Two seconds. Like some of the crops with the high, the functional ingredients is also done by, you know, changing the light and then changing the temperature. You know, we don't do any modification and normally the crops we produce has the same nutrient as the crops produced in the traditional farming. Thank you very much, Mr. Park. Mr. Houdi, one last question. The question from Madame Biloa. I think that again, science has helped to demystify a lot of things and there is genetically modified food and there is today the improvement, for example, in seedling or in the makeup of foods that creates better yield, for example. I'll give you an instance. I own an agriculture business and we supply the supermarket chains in Nigeria. And today with science, with, you know, better seedling, you're able to produce in a 200,000-meters greenhouse controlled environment agriculture situation more food to supply the supermarket chains than we were able to do in 200 hectares of, you know, open-air farmland today. What is important in all of this is the safety and health and how to prove the safety of the seedlings that we use to produce food today. And I think that the issue of GMO is still one of these issues that are out there. I don't know what the official policy on them is, but certainly science has helped to prove that some of the practices that were yesterday seen as taboo are actually safe today. With regards to the question over there, yes, it starts with policy. And this is very ironical, especially for us coming from Africa. Many, many years ago, Nigeria gave the first palm seedling or palm trees to Malaysia. And today the reverse is the case where palm oil is imported from Malaysia into Nigeria. Very sad situation, but yes, it starts from public policy, from governments realizing that there is a big impact in not doing anything, and there is a big impact in doing something. And coupled to that is that private sector starts to see the economic benefit of making sure that there is resilience around supply chains. Today you have a lot of the meals, the flour meals, for example, in Africa, starting to see that you have all of these machinery and production lines, but you need supply chain contribution from places like Ukraine, for example, to get wheat, you know, to make sure that the factories are running. The more these people start, the more private sector starts to realize the impact of this, then maybe the hands of governments are forced with regards to public policy. But spot on, it's the truth. This is a very important area you raised. At Kanashogil, we work with 6,000 farmers. We reach about 20,000 farmers within three more years. You are right. The farmers do all the work and they get maybe 10 cents on the dollar from anything that's done. If there is food waste due to supply chain, the farmer is the he or she, and mostly it's she, the farmers. People think of farmers as the only men, mostly they are women. They are the ones who suffer. When it comes to public policy, people in agriculture, people forget the Treaty of Rome before the EU was probably in the beginning purely an agriculture project. The farmers are suffering all over the world. One of the issues is the lack of development in the public policy format and the legislation format. They don't have access to legal papers for their land, so they cannot get financing for the land because generally the land is given or inherited or is owned by several people. So they have to go to the industry, the other part of private sector who will charge them so much for ensuring funding and then the same thing on access to technology and access to seeds and what have you. You are right that this is a shame that agriculture remains as part of the GDPs of most countries, relatively much smaller than other parts of the other sectors, and you are spot on. The farmer is now an educated person and sooner or later, if he or she will not vote with their electrical vote, they will vote with in different ways and it could become a ticking bomb. So I appreciated the question. We didn't address it in our presentation because that wasn't part of our brief on discussion, but we would need a quick update of public policy, of environmental, of the legislator changes that will cater to the traditional farmer. What we do is mechanize farming, which is different, but we will not be successful without working with the traditional farmers. Thank you very much, Mr. Camel. Yes, yes, yes, I'm not forgetting you because I'm sure that as a FAO official and senior official, you would be very happy to address the issue of public policy. Oh, sure. Thank you so much. I refer to many policies, for example, the Repurpose and Agenda is linked to policies linked to the information of the two cost accounting, which will be modified significantly the way we align policies. But also when we talk about innovation and science, which is central, it's one of the elements that we need to accelerate together with data, but also with institutions. And a good policy of innovation and science require policies behind to set them up requires institutions in place. If not, it would be very complex. So for sure, everything that we have been talking about is linked to the design and policies, but we need to be careful not to bring historic policies that will have worked in the past, but not necessarily will work today. We are in a different environment and we need to be very careful not to create new distortion. Second, I think it's important to correct some issues. Biofertification cannot happen, does not increase nutrition capacity. The only way you can increase nutrition capacity of a crop is through biotechnology, which is not biofortification. And the other element which was wrong, GMOs are not accepted and generalized, of course not. GMOs are managed and decided by each country. And there is a lot of scientific evidence behind them, especially more than GMOs on gene editing today. But this is country by country decision and the institutions and regulations have to be in place in each of the countries. So we need to be careful with that. And even in Europe, of course, GMOs are not there and there is still discussions on gene editing. So again, there is a lot of evidence already in place that we need to bring to inform people, but we need to assess all the different elements. And finally, on the on the control environment, horizontal and vertical. So you can have control environments horizontally and vertically. Horizontal have been cost effective. UAE is an extreme example because it's very costly to produce food in UAE, but they are profitable in China, Vietnam, Singapore and very profitable. Vertical farming is also starting to be profitable in terms of control environments. There are very good examples in China and Singapore and other regions of the world. So again, it's a way to satisfy food for the urban areas because you get closer to them in terms of production of vegetables and high value commodities. And that is not GMOs that is not biotechnology is basically is a high level precision agriculture to manage properly micro nutrients to the to the plants and water provision. And of course, the heat that is needed. So again, it's a technological innovation when you are in the high end of high value commodities, which is starting to be evolving rapidly and to make give access to urban especially for households. Thank you. Thank you, Mr. Cullen. We are now for this very interesting comments. We are now at the end of the session. I just would like to add as personally that I've spent now at least three decades of my professional life, supporting governments or establishing public agricultural policies in developing countries in Asia, in Africa, etc. And it's building on Philip's comment. It's of course a sobering situation to see that in many developing countries, not all, of course, but in many developing countries, agriculture has a much lower share of budget, investment and policy attention than it should if we wanted to address all the issues that we have here. So that's the reason for which I'm particularly grateful to the WPC, Thierry, Mrs. Kwan for insisting on having this discussion on agriculture, because it's not all, it's not only about discussing the substance, but also just per se, because there's discussion around it. And whatever we say that it shows the importance that it has in the global agenda and importance, which is really underestimated by many policy players. So thank you very much for allowing us to have this type of discussion continuing. Maybe if there is another discussion next year, trying to deepen even more some of these policy dimensions at the global level, but also at the national level and trying to dig into this agenda. Now, I think that all of you will have recognized that we had a fantastic group to address those issues on the screen and in the room and that they have enlightened us with their vision on policies, private investments and initiatives, science that opening new doors into our vision. So please upload them and thank them.