 I think we'll start this out with a demo. We got a hell of a change as you're going to have eight hands. Under my mouth! Wow! You grabbed by the pumpkin full of her. Yeah. We might be wrong. We're funny, but not always a joke. Welcome to another fridge-a-day at Sightcore for some damn reason. We have been made, for some damn reason, our behaviors being maintained by recording videos in the cold. I would actually prefer that that would get extinguished, which is kind of what we're here to talk about today. Hey! Jeez! It's cold. Not too much. Um... Extinction! I struggle with making this video long, alright? Because I think there's a lot of verbal behavior about this topic that could be boiled down to a couple of really simple things, and I think it's covered pretty well in most chapters and most texts out there, but we're obviously going to go over it here. So the first thing's first, extinction. What the hell is it? It's... Wow! I'm getting salty today. Sorry. Um... Let's see. It's the withholding of reinforcement, right? It's that simple, folks. A behavior is happening. It's normally maintained by a reinforcer. Get rid of the reinforcer! Make it gone! Go away! Right? And then the organism, the behavior, is on extinction, right? It's really that simple. Now you're going to hear all sorts of stuff. Procedural extinction. Just ignore it and they'll go away. Functional extinction. That's what we're going to focus on, folks. Functional extinction. We're going to focus on functional extinction because, to be completely honest with you, I never thought that procedural extinction was a thing. I always thought that you had to know what the reinforcer was for the behavior in order to put it on extinction. Which you do, right? But, of course, that's kind of a new thing with the functional behavior analysis or FBA type stuff kind of thing, right? Older than me, probably. So if we know it's maintaining a behavior and we remove the reinforcer for that behavior, behavior is going to start to decrease. Okay? It's not fast. It's not instant. But behavior will decrease, which is the functional form of extinction, right? Why do we call it functional versus procedural? Because procedural, you really start to think about, well, how do you do extinction? Well, you do extinction based on what you know about the behavior. And that would be what you know is reinforcing the response, okay? So you have to know that first before you can possibly be successful with extinction. So let's get into a couple of things that extinction isn't. Extinction is not just a general, any general decrease of it. Okay? Behavior decreases for all sorts of reasons. Your organism could be tired. Your organism could be on punishment. All sorts of things. But that's not extinction. Extinction is the removal of reinforcement for a particular behavior that results in the reduction of that behavior, okay? So that is extinction. It is not just behavior decrease, okay? So don't confuse those. Another thing that it's not, it is not response blocking, okay? So if somebody walked up and jibbed a bunch of cotton in my mouth right now, like, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, I wouldn't be able to talk, that's not extinction. That's response blocking, okay? Pretty obvious, right? I can't perform the response, therefore I can't possibly achieve the reinforcer, which means you can't possibly withhold the reinforcer, which means it's not extinction. Let's see. So that becomes an issue when you start to think about sensory extinction, and when you start to think about automatically reinforced behaviors, which we'll come back to in a little bit. So, or maybe another video, I don't know. Let's see. It's not that. It's not that. What else is it not? Forgetting. All right? So it's not forgetting, and forgetting is a really interesting thing because we're gonna tie in some extinction with time and all that stuff over time in another video here, but forgetting is basically not performing a response over, not giving an opportunity, perform a response over a given period of time. Again, it's different than withholding the reinforcement when the response is delivered. The other one is kind of cool, the other time. I thought that was snow. It's ice. All right. Here's another one. Let's... I need the chunks. All right. That was bleeding. All right. So the other thing that is not, is non-contingent reinforcement. Assume these chunks of cold things, ice-ish snow, are reinforcers, right? Here's non-contingent reinforcement. We're just gonna sprinkle them in as long as just kind of on a time schedule or some type of schedule. We're just gonna sprinkle them in. Those things were reinforcers. We're sprinkling them out there. We're delivering them. We're just not delivering them contingent upon a behavior. Don't let my mom see this video. Wiping my hands on my pants still. 42 years old. Anyway, that behavior surely didn't get extinguished. Sorry, mom. So sprinkling reinforcers in non-contingents, non-contingently, just so not extinction, it's not funny. All right? It's just not even the same thing because you're not withholding reinforcer contingent upon a behavior. So if you're delivering reinforcers, can you get my point? Don't get those confused. That just makes you look like a fool, all right? Anyway, let's move on to two other things you should know about. This is not extinction. This is just forgetting. Extinction of positive reinforcement or positively reinforced behavior. This is the one that everybody thinks about when they think about extinction. Wow, little Billy's engaging in behavior. Ah, screw it. Ryan's engaging in particular, walking behavior. So we are not going to reinforce him. How are we not going to reinforce him? We are going to put the camera away. We're not going to film him or something to that effect, right? We're going to remove the reinforcer for the behavior, okay? So which is all well and good when you're thinking about positively reinforced behavior because the stimulus is delivered to maintain a response, we can just keep that stimulus at bay. We just don't have to deliver that stimulus. The key here is making sure you have control over the reinforcer. Don't forget that. A number one important thing, if you have done your FBA and you find out what's reinforcing the behavior and you go, yep, I can actually manage that particular stimulus, then you can probably pull off extinction. If you can't manage it, then you probably can't pull off extinction. Let's see. Negatively reinforced behavior. Now, this is a complete bugger, right? Because how do you extinguish a behavior that is maintained by a lack of delivery of something or escape of something or something like that? That's a challenge. You have to make sure, again, that you have control over the situation and that you can prevent the escape from happening if the behavior is escape maintained. So extinction of negative reinforced behavior is extremely challenging and I think you're going to find that that's one of the more difficult things that you encounter when you're out there in the field, but it is something that can be done. I suppose, should we get into the automatic, yeah, behavior that's automatically reinforced is another one. This is kind of tricky because this tends to cause problems for people in understanding what, how to pull off an extinction procedure here, all right? So I'm going to go into a little side discussion here and it's about cigarette smoking. So people go, well, why don't you just extinguish cigarette smoking? You can't. All right? Well, I suppose they probably can, but it's very, very difficult. Why? Because the nicotine is automatically delivered, automatic. I can't stop that nicotine. I can't engage in the smoking behavior and prevent the nicotine from being delivered into my system. Okay? So it's automatically reinforced. So we have to do something to prevent that automatically, to prevent that reinforcer from being delivered. So I'm going to stop with the smoking example because I don't want to get into drugs and all the other, excuse me, all the chemicals that you may have to do in order to prevent the nicotine from being absorbed into your system. Just not something I'm going to talk about right now. So what you could do with other behaviors that's automatically reinforced, maybe, maybe this is reinforcing, right? But maybe it's not the feeling on my chest. Maybe it's the feeling in my fingers that tends to be reinforcing. Automatically reinforcing. I could put a really thick glove on and then I could just, I could scrape, all right? Which is a type of sensory extinction. But so I'm engaging in the scraping behavior or scratching behavior, but the sensory is not the sense that the stimulus is not like getting delivered. It's being withheld from the tips of my fingers by the glove. Totally different than response blocking. Response blocking would be if I had some sort of device that prevented me from being able to scratch. I can't get it. That's like, because I'm getting too fat, my suit doesn't fit anymore. So there you go. Response blocking. I can't, I can't make it, all right? That's not extinction. That's totally different. Right? Why is that different? Because response blocking is the prevention of the response from occurring or completing, right? If you prevent the response from completing, there's no reinforcer to deliver. Therefore you can't possibly withhold the reinforcer. Therefore it can't possibly be extinction. All right. I think that's enough on the beginnings of extinction. We're going to come back and talk about more extinction after I warm myself up a little bit because it's really cold. Fine. Oh, did you like that behavior and video? Behavior and video analysis. Video analysis. Did you like that video and behavior analysis? If you did, then like, subscribe, share, please.