 Hello again, thanks for joining us for session four of six about building form and placement standards today. Thanks for joining us for the prior three sessions and by now you're becoming an expert in understanding about form based codes. And so thanks for the time today. Building form is the topic of building size with depth height and shape. And you might just say well don't buildings just go from top to bottom and it's it's about how tall they are. And the answer is, well that's part of it, but, but there's a lot more to that answer. You can see here the different sizes and shapes of buildings and so building form standards are a way to regulate and predictably allow different types of forms that are local to your area or that you want to make local. And these kinds of standards, both shape the individual buildings but they also independently and incrementally shape the public room you can see here in the middle of the slide, you can see that the tree line street and sidewalk, being independent individually shaped by each of the buildings. And the reason building form standards are important and purposeful is because conventional zoning, simply just talks about height and setbacks, and leaves it up to the individual project to describe and fill what you see in a in the red outline. And that's all it just says it says you can fill your building all in there, and then come the meetings with the neighbors and the local community, saying well, okay, that's, that's too much, you know, or it's too big. And so it's really helpful in a form based code to have building form standards that speak to the priorities, and, and what's acceptable in the different neighborhoods. So that, that information, then gets summarized into these intense statements that we talked about in the last session, where they're qualitative statements about the building size and whether or not they're attached or detached and the size of the setbacks and maybe the overall number of stories and maybe the ground floor has particular height that needs to be maintained to maintain the physical character in an area, and the kind of frontages, porches, stooped story arts or other other types of frontages that make a particular character. So the first topic we want to talk about here is where the building can go for more formally building placement and setbacks. And so the, the gray area on each of those lots in the example on the screen here identifies where the building can go. That's the buildable area your building can be placed anywhere in that gray area and then outside of that. And what's interesting here about the form based approach is that you do you see the little diagonal band in the area H and I on the on those two examples. There's a little cross hatching there a little line diagonal line the gray area. So what I'm saying is that in order to effectively shape the public realm in this particular zoning district. The buildings need to be in that location in the front and side streets to provide that beautiful relationship between the facades on each side of the street and the street trees and then and the street itself and then the sidewalk that you walk on all that. So that's the relationship between the facade, the distance between facades and sidewalk, and how it feels and so that's going to be different, saying a main street versus a neighborhood and so that's a very important aspect of how for base code incrementally shapes the public realm, in addition to the other setbacks that are that are regulated. So if you put a building on there and and through your building size footprint and massing standards, you can start to fill out that allowed gray area that was shown in the previous slide with the allowed building size and footprint. And you can see here. There are issues of pedestrian access and outside open space, as well as the overall footprint of buildings and. And there are options for how to how to do that it might. In one case you might say there might just be a maximum width and a depth of the building footprint and other cases you might say we're going to further articulate that building envelope. That's allowed by the zoning by using building types that have different shapes and sizes. And so we'll we'll be talking about that in session five and just looking at the importance of building placement and setbacks. I can't tell you how many codes. I look at that have a lot of great information about built building form and frontage and streetscapes in the public room, but they don't identify where the parking can go. And so the, the, the example on the right, although you might say well that would never happen in our town and maybe architecturally it wouldn't. But the parking area happens in a lot of modern codes that that don't address the issue of of where the building can go versus where the parking can go. So when you think of a building placement also think of parking placement. And then building height, very important. And, you know, it's, it's, it's like signage you know a lot of cities look at signage in a in a very pejorative way, very negative way, then building height is similarly seen by a lot of regulations. And yes, you don't want a building that's too tall in the wrong place, but you also want to let buildings be effective and have nice tall floors for a lot of light and more of an airy feeling in those floors and so we we found is that instead of only regulating overall height, as you see in D, the item D here on on the screen to also regulate item C, the maximum height to the highest Eve, we found that that that combination of measurements is very effective and if you only had to measure one or you could only measure one we would recommend C of the maximum height to the highest Eve. And all you have to do to really understand the value of this is to go look at a building that complied with the maximum height in the city, but either dug out the height to lower the building below the sidewalk where it's measured or squatted, you know, a floor and you know slotted in another squatting floor into the volume of the building and people look at it and say well that building looks squatty. So, you want to really consider building height. The way that we're talking about here. Again, parking placement we talked about this and why it's important. I don't know of all this. Why does all this makes sense. Because, you know, conventional zoning doesn't look at these individual elements. Again, going back to session one conventional zoning was was never intended to make anything. It was always intended to prevent bad things from happening and determine, depending on what bad means in your community. And so, that's certainly half of the of the questions for the other question is other half of the question is, what are you going to make once you stop what what you don't want. What do you want. And so the form based code coordinates all this into these physical outcomes. And you can see here, these four key characteristics of these outcomes. Thank you very much for your attention today and we look forward to attending the next session.