 Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have brought about new opportunities for researchers and clinicians. One such approach involves blocking the interaction between programmed cell death receptor 1, PD1, and its ligands, thereby enhancing the antitumor immunity. Despite the successes achieved so far, there are still challenges associated with the use of PD1 blockade therapy, such as low responsiveness and immune-related adverse events. To overcome these limitations, nanomaterials can be used to develop novel single drug-based or combination therapy-based nanodelivery systems. This review discusses the applications of nanomaterial carriers in individual delivery of PD1 inhibitors, combined delivery of PD1 inhibitors, and other immunomodulators, chemotherapeutic drugs, photothermal reagents, providing effective references for designing new PD1 blockade therapeutic strategies. This article was authored by Songlin Liu, Huyang Wang, Xin Zhixiao, and others. We are article.tv. Links in the description below.