 I also want to thank the organizers for organizing the session, giving me the opportunity to speak to her and to you today. The gradual advance of the Earnfield phenomenon has been discussed in detail, and various reasons for this has been offered. The spreading homogenization during this period is often attributed to increase connectivity and mobility. The reasons behind this, though, are hard to grasp. And reason, traditional, sorry, I'm a little loose, traditional archaeological techniques have reached the limits in doing so. But due to recent advances in chemical and biochemical analysis, we can now rely on a list on different techniques in ascertaining mobility and connectivity. But sadly, the outcomes are rarely sufficiently integrated. And following talk, I want to give an overview of an interdisciplinary approach I use for assessing mobility and connectivity and the lower Tryzen Valley in the cemetery of Inserstorf for my PhD thesis. And by mobility and connectivity, I do not only mean the mobility of people, but also that of objects, that of ideas, that of beliefs, and also that of knowledge on the individual level, but also on the level of communities. Just to give you a short overview of the cemetery I'm working on, it's situated in a lower Tryzen Valley, close to the Danube confluence, and a construction of a motorway there, demand a huge amount of gravel, which resulted in large-scale rescue excavations, and led the Tryzen Valley to become one of the best archaeological investigated areas in Austria. You can see all the sites that have been uncovered. The heritage department conducts the excavations there. Here's just a few impressions of that. And yeah, the cemetery contained 270 different graves, which is the largest early-earthed cemetery in the eastern Austria we have, including 21 graves with more than one individual. So the graves are either long rectangular. We are considered these to be the oldest graves, or round two irregular, which are considered the younger graves. Most of the graves contained earned burials, but some scattered cremation graves were also recorded. Large parts of the center, the rims, were removed during gravel extractions in case you wondered of the strange shape of the cemetery. And in the southwestern area, it is overlaid by a cemetery of the Latine period. As I said, the cemetery is situated close to the Tryzen then you have Confluence, but then you provide the Bowerful West-East access, and the Tryzen supplies access to the Alpine foothills with the natural resources there. And given that location and the assessment of the grave goods, a number of different kinds of mobility can be expected, like long-term seasonal immigration, residents' changeable marriage, travel, trade, or just social visits. And when you consider that, there are some questions that arise, like where do foreign influences come from? How strong are they compared to one another? How well is in the stock situated compared to other cemeteries? Which kinds of mobility can be detected? How can they be linked to certain identities? And what does this tell us about the communities? And how does a geographical setting influence connectivity and mobility there? And how to answer that question, there are a few techniques I rely on. And well, ascribing a specific material culture to a specific ethnic group is definitely outdated today, and definitely what I mean when I say I search for foreign goods. When I search for foreign goods, I basically mean goods which should not usually occur within the context of the specific material culture of the specific site. This is a technique that is solely based on the artifacts, and so it relates to the finds only. However, objects do not move without the help of people. It's just not necessary that the people, the objects, were found with that were responsible for moving them. They might not even be really foreign. They might be locally made, and even the idea of the object travels. This is an approach that has been used frequently in previous times, but has been neglected in recent years due to the upcoming of more modern techniques. But I would argue that there is still a lot of value to be found there, especially if complemented by other techniques. The basis for this is a well-defined local range of material culture, which is why I am at this point re-evaluating the around-field culture in the region of the Lower Trison Valley. Here on the upper map, you can see all the first sites that have been uncovered there. Culturally, the cemetery has been attributed to the Bayer Dorf-Wellerzitz group, spreading in eastern Austria, western Hungary, western Slovakia, and southern Moravia. And in the Dorf is situated at the westernmost edges of this area. So the only really foreign goods I'm going to be able to find, or I'm finding at the moment, are western goods. Because in the eastern area of this whole cultural complex, there's just the same stuff to be found. On the individual level, social status analysis provides the means of interlinking different kinds of mobility with the social stratification represented in the cemetery, if you presume that the cremation mode and the burial mode represent the social status of a person. While I was working on this, I realized that while I was working on the cultural chronological, but also on the social status analysis, I realized that a detailed insight is hard to get due to the poor preservation of many findings caused by the fire during cremation, the economical processes while being interred, or the rough method of excavation. And furthermore, the distinction between those differences is harder to get than it first seems. But exactly the differences, burned on a fire, only placed in a grave, or a dual function, could give us insights in how a person was perceived and how the cremation ritual developed and changed over time. And therefore, it gives us a chance to understand the underlying societies better. Therefore, I started a series of experimental cremations in 2018 to see which conditions and how they alter specific artifacts and see if we can link specific alterations to specific utilizations during the rituals. So as for the level of communities, thank you for explaining network analysis already so I don't have to do this. Although I use it a little differently, for me it provides the means of exploring interaction, but not necessarily movement as such. For me it provides the means of assessing the degree of interaction by connecting nodes, for in my case, cemeteries, through various attributes, in my case, cemetery structure, great structure, great ritual and great goods, and expressing them in statistical terms. So far, the computer network shows only a very patchy and biased picture. This is why I put it so small in the upper left corner so you can't see too good, because at the moment it tells us nearly nothing, because here you can see all on this map are all the cemeteries I've taken into consideration. And then the following maps, they're all in yellow, are all the cemeteries where some kind of data is missing. So, and if you would cancel all these out, there would only be in the stop left. So, there's, at the moment, a very huge bias towards in the stop, but this is mostly due to the size and the data I have. Chemically assessing the provenance and the characteristics of artifacts gives us additional data that can be checked to both of the ecological results and refine the interpretation of these artifacts. As for the bronze artifacts, trace elements analysis main purpose is chemical composition. It's shown as the chemical composition of the artifacts. And the foundation here for is the assumption that artifacts made from the same or deposit share a chemical composition of trace elements. And even if we cannot match the artifacts to a specific or deposit, we may be able to identify workshops or units of production such as artifacts made from the same mixed sources. Second let, as a analysis main purpose, is origin determination based on mainly the same reasons. It is thought that artifacts made from a or deposit shared the same, that is, appropriation. However, you have to be aware that ratios may strongly vary within an or deposit and that some deposits may share the same ratios. Sadly for the lower Trisen Valley, there is no comparable data available at the moment, but we have a good grasp on the Tyrolian and Mitterfagration and on the Slovakian region and an ongoing study will hopefully give insight on the Eastern Alpine Samaritan region. Additionally, the analysis of the stone material can give us more insight about raw material procuration and found that it is in the store seem to have been obtained from the southern Morave in the region. Combining the results of these analysis, there's a lot of questions on where the raw material came from and how and will reveal to which degree metal circulation, raw material appropriation was important as a trigger of travel in general and how this impacted the community or communities. Whereas the described techniques, primarily tackle objects as proxies, new biochemical approaches, give us the means of targeting human mobility itself and therefore rely to migration. Since we are working with cremated remains as we all know, we don't have to deal with genetics, but strontium isotope analysis has been successfully applied for years now and more or less recent research has shown that cremated remains have some advantages over non-cremated remains when it comes to strontium isotope analysis. Because we can measure every bone we want to and since the human bone remodels during lifetime it is thought to reflect the final years of one's life. However, it has been pointed out that the different bones vary in the time it takes them to remodel and therefore we can draw conclusions about which age most of the migration had happened by just supposing different kinds of strontium isotope ratios measured from different parts of the body. And since the results relate directly to migration they can highlight gender, age and status relate to migration patterns and can tell us whether some objects move together with people or not indicating migrated people or travel or trade or just other forms of distribution. So far we have analyzed 120 samples out of 104 individuals and mathematically only two outliers could be identified that that is a chance more, but here we have to wait to still ongoing environmental sampling. We did this together with Christopher and his team. Yeah, one of the outliers I wanted to show you is from grave 29 of my cemetery because it's actually this outlier here and it was a juvenile individual which was associated together with a bronze casting mold which might indicate metal related travel, metal related migration, maybe some form of knowledge transform, maybe some form of apprenticeship, yeah. All by themselves these methods provide only a very restricted insight and a very narrow view on mobility and connectivity and they all have their restrictions and advantages. On Thursday Colin Renfrew raised the question whether we see different kinds of mobility, large scale migration in the early and the advance of the bronze age and travel and trade in the evolved bronze age. I would say no or we don't know at this point simply a question about which methods have been applied because for the early bronze ages and for late neolithic lots of strontium isotope catheter and genetic catheter exist and for the later bronzes major much metal analysis has been done but with the strontium isotopes and with genetics you're never going to be able to target trade and with the metal analysis you're never going to be able to pinpoint migration as such. With both of them you're never going to be able to really target knowledge trends for and influencing short time travel. So therefore the point I really want to stress is here that we are also not really only interested in who went where, killed of all the man, made it with the merman and superimposed a new culture neither are we only interested in which stuff was brought where. What we're really interested in is how the dynamics of the society work, how interaction affects individuals and communities and how in turn they affect interaction in order to understand the resulting continuities and discontinuities better. So therefore we have to compare, interrelate and interweave different kinds of data to draw a more broad picture and watch what kind of mobility and connectivity and interaction took place for my case to understand the cemetery in the stuff better but also the whole environmental phenomenon. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you.