 Good evening everybody. I am Rajesh Kushalkar. I am heading the team for the clicker. What is the normal classroom scenario? What do we have? The teacher comes, teaches and goes away. As a small thing means I hate history. Just becomes people teach and go. The teacher does not want to believe whether the students have understood the topic or not nothing. So this is a normal scenario that is there in the classroom. If some of the teachers who are more interactive, they give assignments in the classrooms. The assignments are distributed in the form of papers. The assignments are collected. Then there is a TA who gives correct the teacher himself has to correct the answer sheets and enter the marks. Sometimes while entering the marks in the final sheets, he miss out some numbers. And a lot of headaches are there. So what is clicker? Clicker is also known as students response system, audience response system or classroom voting system. It is a very small handle device just as a TV remote size or a mobile phone size with a number pad on it. And students can participate in a classroom using these devices. So how a student is interacting? All the students are having the device called as clicker. Each clicker has got his own ID. This ID is mapped with the clicker software on the respective computer from where the presentation has been uploaded. And there is one receiver connected to the system. So moment the question is flashed, the responses are given by the students and the receiver collects it and it is given to the system back. So as I am saying how it works, the students are allowed to participate in any quiz session conducted by faculty. Responses are submitted within the minute, same way. Advantage of using clicker, assigning and grading reports, providing immediate feedback to the instructor allowing modification or revision in teaching. You must have come across situations like that the teacher teaches and goes away. So how we understand whether the classroom has understood all the topic whatever I have taught in this one hour lecture. So what faculty does? He divides the class session in two or three sessions whatever he wish. Suppose today I am going to teach something for one hour. So I divide the topic into four parts, 15, 15 minute each. I discuss on some of the topic on 15 minutes and give a quiz related to that topic after the 15 minutes. The students are having the clickers with them. The quiz has been shown and the responses are collected. So faculty immediately comes to know, yeah 50% of the people have understood given the right answer and 50% have given the wrong answer. The immediate feedback that the faculty is getting is this. 50% of the classroom have understood that 15 minutes whatever I have taught. What is the immediate reaction? What I will do? I will ask the class to take, discuss among yourself and I will conduct the same quiz again. But when I do that, I see there is a drastic change in the correct answer. It is almost 90%. This is the thing what we have conducted in IID Bombay and seen the results. Because when you discuss amongst your friends next to neighbors and all this thing, understand the topic and immediately the answers are changed. It is not key, yeah I want to correct the answer and give it like that. So people understand but if I still find it key, no only 60% have given the right answer and rest 40% have given the wrong answer, then the faculty can decide himself whether I have to re-teach the same topic again or not. So you get immediate feedback from the students. There are many shy students who do not answer. Like you must have seen in lot of class, in your class also. If anybody ask a question, if there are any questions or anything, nobody raise the hand. There are still doubts in their mind. But when I give a quiz and if you are not having any clicker devices with you, still only the bright student or anybody who are confident in themselves, they will raise the hand, you give the answer. But what about rest of the people? Why? Because they are shy, they are not able to answer. So I am not able to get whether these people have understood or not. But with the device clicker, I come to know each and every person whether the student have understood or not. That is why clicker allows all students to answer all questions at all the time. Now this says there are people, if this gentleman is conducting a meeting, he is a manager and rest of the people are just listening to his talk and they are saying no, it is not going to be done in their mind. But what is there on that tongue? Yes, yes, yes. So what is in their mind? It is not coming properly. Why? Because if I speak no in front of it, I know your face. So I can pack you afterwards somewhere. But what if the identity is kept, not known. But immediately that manager knows, this many people are offered it and this many people do not want it. Basically how it started in IITB? Actually Professor Fater and Professor Kutcherkar were having a talk almost around 2006 and all this time. So this idea came up. Actually this is a very old technology which have been used in US and many European countries. But the technology is too costly right now. It cannot be given to all the colleges across India. In fact it is not been used in US also for all the colleges and schools. The first design was made by the interns just like you from Jaipur in 2008. It was a very big board. So this big board converted into this small size was very difficult. So we took the design forward and design the clicker version 1 and clicker version 2. In year 2009-10 we have designed this clicker version 1. As you can see this is a simple remote control box just a TV remote size. I have just the feature was single objective answer. LED indicators. So I have an option of A, B, C, D, E. If a question is having only options A, B, C, D, E I can answer it. I have this few LEDs which are here which indicates me whether my device is on, whether I have the answer I have pressed it or locked or not and I have received acknowledgement or not. So these are the three LEDs which indicates that part. In 2009 we have conducted 2010 in fact we have conducted using this clicker for almost around 800 students in IITB. The response was too good. The students were more excited the attentiveness in the class. As you can see whole class 800 students can faculty look at each and everybody. There is somebody at the corner in fact somebody in the front bench also sleeping. I have flash a quiz. Immediately I have to get the answers. And if the quiz carries mark then people even in IITB even people cry for half of marks because the grade depends on that. So you must be very much so this device makes the students very attentive in the class also. So this display was having some limitation as whether my answer is going or not coming or not the LED indications whether I have pressed A or whether I have pressed B. It was not known the students were getting somewhat confused. So we have taken some feedbacks and decided to work on version 2. Version 2 is something like this. So it has got this many features with it. So single objective answers like A, B, C, D whatever options are there. Multiple objective answers like the answer is A, C, A and C or I can arrange in a proper manner A, C, D, B numerical with decimal. I can point the numerics also. True false, yes, no for polling, hand raise. This is something new which we thought to implement in version 2. What is this hand raise is about? Same as when you teacher is teaching somebody raise the hand, he ignores it or he gives the answer or 10 people are raising the hand only 1 or 2 people get the chance to answer it. So in this one what we have happened? He on the faculty screen, so whenever the person is raising the hand, he presses this raise hand button. On the faculty screen the name of the student comes. If this particular person has raised the hand, like that I can have 10 people of students who have raised the hand. Now I see this number 1. I will say you can get up and ask the answer question. I understand the question. I give the answer the moment I finish my answer. I see out of that 10, when I press again the raise hand because out of the 10 people it might be possible 8 people were having the similar doubt what that first person was having. So I see that 10 reduces to 2 because those people are understood the same because they were having the same doubt in their mind. So for me also it is 2 now. So I will ask that person and the doubts are clear. So with the use of alphanumeric display the answer was displayed what keys I have pressed. I have received the acknowledge and all this thing was visible on the display. This display was having feature more features just like receiver signal strength. What do you see in your mobile the antenna indicator? How much is the receiver strength that I am having it? The battery indicator and all those things features which are available. Course ID which course I am attending the course ID also is displayed on the system. Limitations in v version 1 and version 2. There is lot of communication issues for large networks. If I increase it to as I have told you we have tested with 600, 800 students. But it was not full proof that all the 800 students or 600 students receivers was able to collect it. There was a lag. Communication error was there the packets were not reaching properly. So packet was getting lost. All the same. So this was a major limitation. All responses were not able to collect it full plate. Assistant was required to set up the device. So this has to be connected that wire has to be connected. So it was not a simple USB dongle device kind of thing. You connected like a pen drive and start using it. And there was a switching between the presentation window and a clicker software window. So whenever I am to conduct a quiz I have to switch to the clicker software window, conduct the quiz, take the data then again come to the presentation mode. So switch was required. So and central desktop, central server desktop PC was required for the communication. So these were the limitations and I will say for the version 1 and version 2 this desktop PC was a must required for operating the clicker software. Then year 2011, 12 we went for the clicker version 3. During this time we had got this thing for developing on Akash tablet. So it was a web based architecture. It was told this device the version 2 was coming to be something around 1100 rupees. The bill of material was around 1100 rupees. The Akash tablet government has told to sold at around 1500 rupees for the student. So we thought we will use Akash tablet as a device as a clicker only. Advantages, you got a 7 inch screen on it. Lot of things you can do with it. I was just having 16 by 2 alpha numeric display on it. Just 16 character by 2 lines in version 2. Here I am having a full pledge 7 inch display. I can do lot of things. I can show the quiz itself on the tablet and do lot of things. Communication issues were there in version 1 and 2 where we were about to develop our own protocol to communicate between the receiver and the devices. Now tablets comes with the Wi-Fi device. Wi-Fi device is more robust. So all the packets sent by the system are received and same features what we have seen around 6, 7 features are to be implemented in version 3. So this was the diagram. The instructor comes as you are saying, this is the instructor he see. He is coming. He is connecting to a central server. He is logging to that. Students using tablet is logging to the central server. The students using tablet through access point connects to the same central server. Faculty has got his own login which is a master device or a quiz controller. Suppose today I want to take a lecture in which I have 5 quizzes. In this one hour session I decided to take 5 quizzes. So the moment I come in the 5 quizzes are uploaded. But the students when they log in they do not see the quiz. Whenever the faculty or instructor instructs he now display quiz 1. That time only the quiz 1 is displayed to all the students. The questions is displayed on the projector or we can display it on the tablets also. The responses are collected and the graph is shown immediately on your projector. What we have done? We have completed with the web based version of clicker. This whatever the diagram I have shown you, we have completed with that with distinct login for faculty and students on the same URL. Each student is recognized by this own user ID roll number. Now clicker devices like version 1 and 2 it was a pure hardware device. So each device was having their own ID. This ID was mapped in the software with roll number. So here what we have done? We have mapped the MAC ID of the system tablet with the students roll number. So each student is recognized by the tablets MAC ID. Tomorrow it happens I will give him MAC ID. The tablet he changed my user name and try to login. It will not allow him to login because it is mapped to this particular user roll number only. So in my database it will show me the conflict and the other person is not allowed. What has to be done? We have to integrate this to a learning management system like Moodle and to LDAP servers also. These are the two things which are remaining we have to do. What is your project? This is slightly interesting because whatever we have done we have to do something very different. Everything was web based. Imagine you do not have a web server nothing like that. A tablet to tablet communication. So developing a clicker software using Android platform because the tablet is running on Android platform. Tablet to tablet communication master or a quiz controller tablet. So it is outside not a tablet software I will say. The faculty software or a faculty tablet will be different which has got all this feature for conducting the quiz and conducting the quiz. Students tablet on which they will able to view the questions and answer them. How to get associated with the master tablet? This one how a central server was communicating? The students were logging to the central server. Instructor was logging to the central server. Now just imagine this server part is not there at all. So they have to be communicate directly and how to display the question and response on the students tablet. So this is basically I get a question. I place a press the answer and after a time elapsed immediately I should see the responses on my tablet also. See how many people have given what answers and all the same. A graph how to store all responses on the master tablet because all the students are going to associated with the master tablet. So all this record which comes has to be stored on the master tablet. Report generation has to be done on the master tablet. Exporting the data to a central server. The master should have a facility to export this data to a central server. Import quiz from a USB drive. Suppose I go at home I prepare the quiz. I come in the morning I just connect the USB drive to the tablet. I should able to import the quiz. Raise hand feature with audio and video. This is one of the person. B.Tech students have done this project for controlling a robot using android tablets. So on the tablet there is an android phone and a person is having, a student is having the android phone in his hand. He is controlling the phone via phone the robot and the robot is transmitting the video. Whatever the wherever that robot is going it is transmitting the video on that phone. So that application we can definitely use in the raise hand situation. This is the server less software architecture for the tablet. The instructor is their access point and students. So here you see there is no central server. Why this architecture we have chosen? Because there are many schools, many colleges which are not enable with all this projectors, PCs and all this things. But definitely as sir has also told is so many tablets are going to be produced and it is going to be distributed to all the colleges. So how they are going to use it if they do not have this kind of facility. So instructor in a classroom communicates with the students and get the responses and show that the quiz is shown directly on the tablet. So you do not require a projector also. Because this is a fresh software from scratch it has to be developed. There are lot of applications and everything we have already done for the web based. Now everything has to be moved to tablet or android based. So it is the same as IIT sorry in 2008 the interns like you who have come to develop the clicker. So it was from scratch. So they have developed it was a very big board. So come to that mobile phone size was a very difficult task for us also. But at least a prototype or anything can be done. This can be taken ahead. Any questions? Thank you.