 with a bit of download on one of its co-founders. And today I would like to talk about how we can use hardware to increase the option of this type of knowledge like Ethereum. So first of all, I would like to give a glitzy to the overview of the condition of computation on hardware machines. And some day ago we had this big computer that takes our room like this one. And after we started to produce the technology, we managed to have small devices and start to appear in offices and in our homes. So we started using for automatic application, for developing maybe a game. And after that, we started to come to our clients and things, everything. We started using another kind of applications and the devices become even smaller. To finally achieve the configuration in which we are start producing the cloud. The thing is, the cloud is important advance. It takes a lot of benefits to us. Like for example, we can avoid this kind of accidents because right now we have all the data distributed around the world. All of us know all the benefits of the cloud. And for example, we can make easy escalate our application or make the application extremely portable. So now the computation happen into the cloud, not our device making possible to switch between device. But the truth about the cloud is that there is no cloud. There is no cloud on the computer. It can be even worse. There is no cloud. There's a computer problem, so big cooperation. And this is very important for people like us, developers. Since we are developing a decentralized technologies, if we use these technologies in a decentralized manner, we are using all the benefits that we are getting for getting back. So we lost privacy and we rely on three parties and this defeated the purpose of these technologies. So we should have to worry about that. So we believe that we need to increase the option of the hardware layer. We need to recover the control. Maybe not all the control, but at least one part of it and recover this freedom that we had when we have this computer at home. And the question about that is, is that possible? And we believe that it's possible. We know people are buying devices. They are putting this kind of hardware in the speaker at home. And our, for example, top box or other kind of devices so that people are willing to put in hardware at home. So we can see, for example, five million of smart devices in the speaker in the United States. So imagine that we have the same number of zero nodes to have the patience and the ratio, right? But here the question is this smartphone, sorry, these voice assistants are starting to grow a lot, but the people know that these devices are not private. They use your data. They know all about you, at least you have sex. And the people know this information. They are aware of this, but they still buy these surveillance devices and they are putting it at home. The question is why? The answer is convenience. This is the one. They are willing to lose privacy if you give somebody. If they don't want to be worried about spending time completing things. They only want convenience. So let's take a look if you know this convenience. So if we take a look about the numbers, how many times takes to synchronize a node right now? This is more or less the number that we are moving right now by the takes then both hours and get 18 hours. Even the missing work of the feeder on the third condition is making possible in the last version to synchronize the nodes in the half of time. Maybe this is not convenient. This is not convenient. It's just one thing, just one time, but it's not convenient. We can't deal with that, but we should improve this. Now let's take a look to the hard drives. The first thing that we need to realize is that we need an SSD. The last version of get, allow you to split the chain between an SSD and a hard drive, but even it's more convenient because you can have a hardware with less requirement. That means that it's harder to start. So at the end, you lose part of the convenience. And if we take a look to the numbers, we can see that right now, who knows if there is around 200 gigabytes on both clients, more or less, and the growing is around seven or eight gigabytes per month. The question here is in June 20th, the size of the chain is gonna be around 270 gigabytes. And that is an important thing because we are going to a new tier of hard drives. I think if here is, right now, we can put a 3-4 node in less than 250 gigabytes but in January and July, June, next year, it's gonna be, that's gonna be, it's gonna be impossible. So if we take a look to the numbers, if we check how much it's gonna cost you to maintain a chain full node in June next year, these are the numbers. I read an article about how to run a full node in our free buy, it's possible that it's possible. So that means that in June, you are going to pay around 160 dollars for a full node in June right at home. It's not too much, but if you check what happened, if you are willing to do that in a BTS, that means that you are going to pay $660 for maintenance if you want. So the conclusion of all this number is that, no, running a node is not for me. I don't want to make a trade-off of the theorem, it's just put the number to a table to find a solution to this equation. I mean, if you have the worry about the privacy, you may have enough motivation to run a theorem node at home, or if you are philosophically aligned with the purpose, but a lot of people are not willing to do that because running a theorem node costs money and takes time. So we need to find a solution to this problem. And one of the problems that this equation is having is that right now, we are losing around 10 or 9% of the numbers of nodes every month. And we believe that this even was when this Ethereum growing happens because according to several scrapers, there are around 65% of the nodes are running BTS, so since it's more expensive than running at home, we expect that the number of nodes are going to increase. So how do we let people to run their own hardware and increase the number of nodes? We think that there is three takeaways. The first one is convenience. We need to improve the convenience, that is ours. We know that people want easy solutions and is the way to achieve the mass adoption of these kind of technologies. So the situation right now is people that know just Ethereum and nodes in general, they have quite good instruction, but you need to be a devos to understand it. And the thing is, even if you are a devos, you don't want to waste your time understanding all this stuff. That is, it takes a lot of your time and you need, you want to spend your time on other things. And the other thing that is happening right now is a lot of projects are trying to put their projects in a Raspberry Pi. That's very cool. It's awesome because you are trying to lower the speed, but the thing that is happening right now is you find a cool project, you put into your Raspberry Pi, and after a while you find another cool project and you remove the previous one. So at the end, after a week, maybe you switch three times of projects. And this is like a proof of takes. I mean, you try a project and move to another one. You are not making the network more resilient. You are just trying projects. And we cannot expect people by several Raspberry Pi at home putting a lack of Raspberry Pi because this is for big people only. And this does not help, this is not convenient at all. The next one is privacy. Well, we saw that privacy is not one of the most important things for the people. They are willing to do that. But they know that this can be important. The people are starting to realize that privacy is something that we should care. And if you offer a solution that take care of your privacy, it's gonna be more convenient that another one is not. So we should rule in privacy solution by default because people understand that the privacy is over. And finally, the key point is this innovation. It's the last piece. If you have a not very convenient solution and you have privacy, it's a little more convenient. But if you have the innovation, you can compensate this lack of convenience. So since we are creating tools that allow some transferring value, we can put the innovation model on top of this. So for example, this is a theory to promote some app on the innovation model. And if you take a look, if we have one million each one taken, that means that we need to have around 30,000 nodes running. Right now we are around 6,000. So we need to put a lot of innovation to have this number happen. That is why you can see that number that's the rate for buyers around 80%. But when more people come to the solution, the innovation goes lower. So the thing that can happen is that at some point it's not convenient or it's not enough convenient to run a proof of stake app. Or maybe yes, but why not you put all the innovation model on top? If you added the innovation model of proof of stake to the innovation model like storage, that you can get some reward for sharing your hard drives and your bad bandwidth, you can make more convenient. At the end, we can create a kind of stack of innovation in the same place. So we can add even 0.1, the innovation model on top of it. Or why not, as I said, for example, another innovation model that helps you to create a place of communication. At the end we are building kind of worldwide computer and using these technologies to create a kind of peer-to-peer economy is gonna help us to be able to put these devices, these technologies, in the house of people. So mainly the idea is if we make easy for everyone kind of user to use these technologies, maybe even if they are not a legal place, they are going to put this hardware at home, maintain the network, help us to create together this new system. So the conclusion is we need to put these three pieces together. We need to make convenience, take care of privacy and have an innovation model and put all in the same place. So we can translate this in one sentence. We need privacy and money boxes that are useful and convenient for the user. And if we put all together, we make a really convenient solution and it's a way to achieve, maybe not the most important, but at least that people start to use it and start to understand these technologies and help to make more of those. So that is why in Denmark we started around one year ago or so to provide these kind of solutions. We added it to the model, we make easy to install it, but we add more things. We start to put the knowledge like SDX into the network to be able to be used for the projects. So at the end is we are creating a platform which projects can use and can start to distribute its content and help others to build over for the ecosystem. So for example, we can start to add identically or even use products like Datafond that help you to obtain data selling. Or we can start to put other new technologies that for example, you can add domains and at the end put all the pieces together to build a bigger ecosystem. If you want to know more about us, you can do our community. We created this great and open-source project. We have the fundraising for the Ethereum Foundation and around the Ethereum Foundation. At the end we believe this project is something for the community. Since we think that we can start other ways to create a bigger ecosystem. So thank you. This on the storage side, am I correct in sort of believing that blockchain is a linear growth model or do you expect it to be exponential in the storage needs? Well, there is some, if we... And I should just say the reason I'm at this is because, and feel free to repeat the question if you want to. So the reason is that, you know, disk space and disk cost is expected to have exponential properties. So where, you know, what would the curves look like over the six years and where will you project moving the next two to three? Yeah, well, the thing about the hard drive specification, I think there are some projects, some slides that are working on that increase the problem of the chain, for example, TurboGate that is working on a drive node. They are going to buy this in the next week's own kind of new growing model. So I think that the, I mean, when it's going to come out on another solution, they are going to speed the chain. So the problem is going to be not exponential, it's going to be constant because you are only to store some parts of the network. Yeah, yeah, yeah. No, but I mean, just using the way you did it was you were talking about the growth of the node and even like the Lexi as well. Like I thought the growth of the Ethereum storage, not what's active but what's been historically done is linear. Yeah, yeah. So that thought process whenever I talk to the Lexi is always like, both this space is improving exponentially with respect to cost. So that aspect is not the critical one. Like this will continue to be larger than we need to be just for that, you know, the fact of storage is the active data set that a Lexi is working on because you have to be able to do as storage and as close to it. Yeah, I think it's, I mean, this is a short, short term expectation. I mean, for the future, I cannot guess what is going to happen. It's going to be hard. This is, I mean, it's just six months. In six months, we are quite sure that this is the expectation of the third client. For the future, I mean, the thing is, we can think about the price of the hardware is going to decrease with the real. So at the end of this, we can guess that we, yeah, my thing is that it's not going to be a big deal in the future, but it's growing, it's growing. Yeah, and just to confirm, the only incentive in the monetary side of the money boxes is the mining reward if you have another one there, sort of. Well, the incentive, running the money box, it was just based on the mining rewards. Yeah, well, there is, I mean, they need to put several roof and stake projects or, at the end, it's... Oh, yeah, roof and stake mining. Yeah, it's a block of work. Yeah, it's, yeah, it's going to combine all the projects. I mean, for example, a file coin is a project that you're... So, that is to go all together. So, do you feel, I mean, what do you think is like the capex, off-ex and the expected return on any of these types of platforms? Yeah, that is dependent on the project. I mean, we are bringing the platform to allow that project to be able to be established. So, but the incentive-division model depends on the project. At the end, they need to research about what is the current amount of the reward and what are the expectations. We are only preparing a platform in which they can be installed, but we cannot... We are not putting any kind of limitation or any kind of, yeah, limitation to them. So, they need to be... Thank you. Big round of applause for tomorrow.