 The study analyzed data on causes of blindness and moderate to severe vision impairment from 1980 to 2012. It found that in 2010, 65 percent of blind people and 76 percent of those with MSVI had a preventable or treatable cause, compared to 68 percent and 80 percent in 1990. The leading causes of blindness were cataract, uncorrected refractive error, and macular degeneration, while the leading causes of MSVI were uncorrected refractive error, cataract, and macular degeneration. Causes of blindness varied by region, and more women than men were affected due to cataract and macular degeneration. The study has implications for planning and resource allocation in ICARE. This article was authored by Dr. Professor Rupert R.A. Born, N.D., Gretchen A. Stevens, D.S.C., Richard A. White, P.H.D., and others.