 quickly I am not going to the first few slides. This is all explaining the whole thing about alipay and I am sure you are also seeing around alipay or beautiful things. This is basically the canal network of alipay. As you know alipay has the two main canals which is a vada canal and commercial canal both of which are flowing actually from west to east so actually flow into the backwaters. There has been attempts to kind of link it to the sea but they have not worked because of accretion of sand and you have this network of the smaller sub canals which actually drain into the main canal so that is the overall network of it. As you saw in the video this is a present scenario but at the same time alipay also has a lot of so alipay lost its prominence as a port and that is when the canals started losing its importance also but finally now alipay has gained prominence in tourism so that is a new economic main thrust in alipay besides kohyar and all that. So this as you know there was this major how this whole thing started was actually as a campaign to address a solid waste issue of alipay once that was tackled we moved on into the into addressing the canal rejuvenation. So basically it was decided that there has to be so the winter school which IIT actually started in 2017 the main outcomes of it we when we analyzed we realized that one two things have been taken hand in hand one of course we have to find out sustainable technical interventions are needed but at the same time the other more most important factor that we realized is that right now the canals don't have any use in the everyday life of people earlier they used to be navigable canals so they had a purpose now nobody has any purpose for the canal so that's why everyone kind of leads it as leaves it as dumping places so we said unless and after we kind of bring in some more activities towards the canal banks or kind of make people feel happy about going near the canal or spending some time near it there will not be that sense of ownership to maintain it and keep it well so we thought both these things so bring back the concept of life and not water's edge also should be part of this whole intervention is what we thought especially because I think he has a tourism and of course as we said the main decisions were also that I repeat that's needed the centralized approach as I earlier said and the significant thing is that often when you talk about cleaning of the canals all the all these years what has been happening is that the main two canals get a lot of attention because that's where the tourists come and go and all that so as you can also see there are there is beautification there is kind of embankments there is a kind of almost every year there's some kind of cleaning happening and all that but what is happening is that until you tackle the pollution in the smaller canals you cannot completely clean the main canals so that was one significant decision that we have taken and we realize if you have to kind of clean up the smaller canals it means addressing the liquid and solid waste together and also address a stormwater issue because ultimately all these canals are stormwater because especially in a place like Kerala where you have 3,000 millimetres plus rainfall the the phase of the canal in monsoons and during dry times are completely different actually and of course to make it sustainable we need to kind of build into the institution building and we have to get people's participation etc etc so this is as we said it actually houses about hundred houses there's a small colony there there are a few private separate institutions etc so we did the whole lot of initial studies we did physical surveys of the entire canal stretch tried to find out what is the kind of activity that is happening in the catchment of the canals we did our water sampling and testing and all that we did social economic surveys so all that took these were all images of how we took the flow measurements and take it at different times of the day different times of the week etc the quality also you have to actually take it at different times of the day different times of the week and analyze it during summer during non during rainy time etc this process happened and we learned a lot by interacting with the local community also we finally came to an understanding of the conclusion that the pilot phase that we took actually the total canal is about two kilometers we look only about 500 meters of the last stretch of the canal so there is about one and a half kilometers upstream which we have not touched as part of the pilot phase so we realized that when it actually comes to a pilot phase is about 200 cubic meters of water and another 70 cubic meters gets added in our pilot area we also monitored all the waste water samples in different places and all that and we came to certain values of VOD COD we also did the water sample the drinking water samples from both the municipal supply as well as we took a lot of water samples from open wells and bore wells and all that just to understand and it's unfortunate that even the municipal supply water was going to be having E. coli and all that in many places which is I think that's another debate. So then we actually listed out what are the kind of interventions that we need to do and we actually find out from listed out about 11 specific interventions that one needs to tackle and this we feel is probably a replicable thing for every canal shed at least in alibi so we actually stood it out like this one is of course the works related to the cleaning because all these sub-canals they have never been cleaned perhaps in years or decades so the first thing of course is to clean the existing canal so there is a lot of solid waste accumulation in all these canals you have to desilt it a bit because there is a lot of silt that is also accumulated then the second aspect is to find out the liquid waste hotspots like you know there are what we mean by hotspots is bulk generators of wastewater not just like a single house and all that like for and you have these kind of hotspots in both the public realm as well as in the private sector in the public realm it might be a market it might be an economically weaker section housing it might be an abattoir or it might be government hospital or something like that which of course has to be the responsibility of the civic administration to address it so identifying hotspots liquid waste hotspots in the public realm is one thing identifying liquid waste hotspots in the private sector was the other thing because those you can actually get the pollution control vote to police and enforce the norms because anyone anybody who's ever been more than 10,000 liters of water is today expected to kind of set up their own treatment system which often doesn't happen but that is a matter of policy similarly you have to identify hotspots of solid waste generation also so we are sometimes in our own private area there was one catering company who was actually catering to about thousand people and all during their season so there's a whole lot of liquid waste as well as solid waste that they generate so you have to get hold of them and the same thing is there in the public realm also like for instance a market or an abattoir actually generates a bulk of solid waste also so you have to identify solid waste hotspots in the public sector or solid waste hotspots in the private sector then the sixth aspect of it is drainage hotspots because as we also understood when we were studying and what happens is that all these canals as I said were actually stormwater drains at some point of time but over the years unfortunately there has been a lot of indiscriminate encroachments there have been new drains which have been added up there have been drains which are closed and most of these are unfortunately very very badly designed or detailed so you might have a canal which is two meter wide at upstream then it comes to the middle it's probably just become 60 centimeters and then it again widens out and all these things are unfortunately so much there so what happens is that they create drainage bottlenecks so some areas perpetually become prone to flooding so whatever you're trying to do with your canal revisionation you have to attempt to the drainage hotspots also then the seventh aspect is attending to the household level wastewater because as I said we realized that in Aleppo even to kind of combine a cluster of houses because generally in Kerala you have a system where everyone owns at least at least if you talk about middle class and upper middle class people may have at least three cents of land and their own house so even if you're trying to combine about 40 50 houses by the time you kind of run the line and take it to a cluster level one thing is that you don't have the land to put up a treatment system there second thing is that even by then by the time you reach about 100 150 meters you have to take your pipe down to one and a half meter below ground level you're already hitting the water table so it becomes very complicated to put a pump chamber there and pump it and then who maintains that pump and all these things becomes issues so we finally decided that it might be worthwhile exploring household level treatment systems for both black and grey water so this is one thing that we are right now racking our brains on how to actually approach it make it economically viable to go for prefabrication etc etc so that is happening so with all these interventions once all these seven initial aspects are taken care of at the source we feel that by the time the wastewater reaches a main canal it would already have been treated to at least 70% is our assumption actually so then you only have to give the final treatment at the mouth of the bigger canals so we suggest that there can be like constructed wetlands and all that or even some in some cases you can think of having floating wetlands in the water itself which will just do the final treatment of water before it joins the main water plate then together with it as I said we also have to bring in conscious measures to bring in that sense of ownership so we said why we are actually tackling the rejuvenation of the canal and just bring in good lighting good access to it because often it is the older people or the children who have time to actually spend near the canals and very often these canals have steep steps and we have nice ramps and safe walkways along the main canal so that people are encouraged to kind of take that and even for tourists actually because actually each of these stretches about three kilometers if you can create nice beautiful walkways along these canals and have shops on the sides of it now that we have to give good lighting good walk bridges and all that so bring in those kind of beautification and sense of ownership and the 10th aspect of it is very important is to the people's participation so one of the things that we have as I said in the video also this campaign activities are also happening simultaneously as we are working on the technical interventions so we expect that the canal committees will be kind of empowered to once the systems are done to kind of take care of it and kind of do the upkeep and maintenance of each of these interventions and finally along with us we are also trying to urge the government to kind of set up the first weekends for treatment plan so these are the level interventions that we are trying to work on the pilot phase and which we will be a kind of a applicable approach for each of the canalships so as I said the in the in terms of canal level cleaning the first thing is this is how the canals were actually looking when we actually took over the pilot phase this mouth of the canal was so choked with the solid paste we actually decided that you have to do the cleaning before monsoons because that's a time when we flow in the canals is minimum because you don't have strong water so many stretches of the canal were actually practically dry during the non monsoon time because they only had a bit of wastewater flowing into it so some stretches we could do it manually some stretches we used with small equipment standing on the side of it in some areas we could actually use the small JCB to do the cleaning and the final mouth of the canal we actually used a little more softening equipment to kind of water jet it and take all the waste and remove it so finally the pre monsoons when we actually cleaned that whole stretch that itself you can understand that it makes a big difference because the flow improves the sense of and we realized that once we have done it at least over the last six months after cleaning or six months at least we would say there has been at least 65 to 70 percent awareness created I can't say that people have totally stopped dumping these there are still pockets where people come and throw but it has come down considerably because people feel that there is something going to happen here then the second thing is as was said in the video once it is clean we have decided that we put these screens at every 250 meters approximately and define a canal committee which will be the people who are actually staying in the 250 meters so these actually become like an area I mean defining their area of intervention because it also helps to kind of any trash that comes into it so only that stretch they have to take care of and we are also going to put up CCTV cameras at each of these screens so that you get to know whether it was somebody who is kind of dumping it into it or whatever like that so that is one no intervention that we are doing so you can see with the first screen when the monsoons came you had the trash kind of collecting here which had to be just removed then as was said there is also this issue that we did that often what happens with the road and then the canal just dipping down so even if your canal is cleaned if there is trash on the road once there is with just some sweeping or something all the waste can go into it so he's suggesting thinking of putting these gabions which are like open-jointed stone works so these are like open-jointed stone works which will permit the water to flow through but the solids will be left in the roads then there is a thing of embankments some of the embankments might have been broken and all that so we kind of rebuild and strengthen the embankment so whatever it was needed so those were the kind of multiple interventions at the canal level then the public sector hotspot that we have which you will again be seeing is we had one colony of about 52 houses what happens initially when this colony this colony is about 30 years old or something so when it was initially built they were not provided any toilets so there was a community toilet that they were using but as you know people nobody likes like really using a community toilet so over the years almost 30 of them or 30 or more of them had built some kind of toilet in their house but of course these are all people who have just about two cents of land so their house and the toilet is like really small and they don't have any kind of treatment system they just give an each bits and often and they don't have pipe water supply so they were kind of putting a small bore well near it so it was all they completely unhygienic set up particularly during the monsoons so we thought that if we are to kind of address their issue we have to first give them also proper toilets so the project is actually we are doing them new toilets for at least 35 of them who don't have any kind of toilets or very tourist driven poor condition some of them have reasonably good toilets so we thought that we'll retain it we just pipe it out and we realized it's not possible to just give a toilet alone because your bathing water and your washing water and your kitchen waste water are all so important quantum surface water all that was just going to common grain so we thought let us pipe that also so this is the work on the toilets we actually these are the kind of houses that we had so we gave them small toilet facilities these are all completed now so they have nice neat looking toilets and bathing space for each of them this was an open drain into which they were kind of letting off all their waste water so and in some of the existing toilets we just upgraded it for them because there was no space otherwise so this was just improvements to that and we also gave each of the houses more space where they could actually wash their clothes and wash the kitchen water and kitchen vessels and all that and pipe that so once that is done from every house there is a manhole into which all your wastewater goes and we suggested that at the mouth of this manhole where it joins the main line we are going to give a grating so that if there is any solid waste like somebody is kind of dumping then that gets trapped at their own house so if there is something problematic you have to take care of it at your own house because the moment it gets into the main line then nobody is going to take care of it so after each of these houses so each of these houses will have a manhole like this with a grating and from there it goes to a common main line and we intend to completely do away with that open drain and pave the whole area so there will be only strong water that is flowing through it and it becomes completely a clean space and then we plan to provide them a D-WATT system which will create about 15,000 liters of water that work is happening so this is the construction of the D-WATT in progress now it is almost done this was just taken a couple of days back so D-WATT system and then we are deciding that once all this is done then the community toilet no longer has any function so we suggest that it is a fairly good building actually so we suggested that why not convert that space into a small living room or something like that for the students because it becomes a usable space rather than just getting abandoned and not used up then we again this is for the private sector hotspots we said that let it be police etc the drainage hotspots to be attended as I said the demonstrative single household interventions which are happening right now the fine-tuning of the solid waste management is happening through the the canal P campaign and getting the canal committees to take responsibilities of improving the solid waste management systems we will also be now getting once all these things are done we'll be getting into setting up this constructed wetlands at the mouth of the main canal these are images which I showed you earlier the overall beautifications we are also trying to bring in a lot of gravity on the walls which will give positive messages on the whole concept of decentralization etc etc lighting and all the fecal stress treatment plant as I said these were some of the meetings we had for formation of the canal committees so there was a minister who came and kind of motivated and I think three of the committees have already been formed now and slowly we are expecting them to get more active into taking ownership of the canals so eventually we feel that if this kind of a system happens then by say 2020 we feel that would have cleaned all its 17 canals shifts about 150 kilometers of the sub-canals and all that and we would we can set up in position all the treatment systems at the individual building level and also bring in a lot of vibrancy on the edge of the borders bring a lot of art etc etc and if it works for therapy then we feel can work for any of the there are any number of small towns which are on the banks of the lake so the ultimate mission is that we can show a good demonstration of therapy then we can kind of take to so many of the other small towns also and we can hope that the whole of the lake ecosystem can be improved hope you enjoyed the lectures so what did we learn this week we looked at different models of centralized and decentralized wastewater treatment systems while professor culbert deliberated upon the conventional model architect letha explained the process of planning and execution of a devour system let us run through the interventions which were proposed as well as their current status the community toilet in the colony which catered to the need of the 50 households was converted into a library come reading room and individual toilets were constructed for each of the households a proper connected system was also established to transport the wastewater generated in each of the households to the divorce plant the divorce plant was designed and constructed by inspiration kuchi and consortium for divorce dissemination cdd banglore in addition to these measures it is important to ensure that the sub canal remains clean to trap the solid waste which find its way to the sub canal screens were placed at regular intervals in the canal additionally 10 cc tv cameras were also placed along the sub canal to monitor the same and to identify people who were disposing of solid waste into the canal and consequently polluting it the walls adjoining the sub canals were cleaned and painted upon thus creating an aesthetic environment around the canals this may deter potential polluters from dumping the waste into the canals these interventions have not only managed to mitigate the problem of liquid waste management operation maintenance of each divorce system as well as upkeep and management of the public library can provide employment to local people ultimately it is also important to note that this project is not only improving the quality of water in the canals and managing the different waste streams generated in the town it can also be instrumental in generating jobs and create opportunities for the youth to get involved in planning their towns more on this will be covered in the next week's lecture