 This study examines the effects of HIV on child development among adolescent mothers in South Africa. Children living with HIV had significantly lower scores on cognitive development than children who were either H.E.U. or H.U. Additionally, maternal education interruptions and older maternal ages were associated with lower cognitive development scores among children born to adolescent mothers affected by HIV. This article was authored by Catherine J. Steventon-Roberts, Lorraine Cher, Katarina Hogg and others.