 Hello, I'm going to take you through embedded line of systems in agriculture. Now, just to tell you a little bit about myself. I am Ronald, and at this time I'm affiliated to Bafam Enterprises Limited, which is a construction company that is growing and expanding its territories. There is an IT technician who usually does freelancing and consulting on IT related material. On my educational background, I have a diploma in computer studies, of which I undertook it from an institution in Kenya called Rift Valley Technical Training Institute. And here I studied much more about the technical skills required for IT, both hardware and networking, and software installation and processing like those ones. I chose to advance the same program in a data computer science bachelor's degree from Masinde Molira University of Samsung Technology in Kenya as well, where I chose to do software option, which I graduated in 2016. And at this time I've been offered admission to take cybersecurity from the Griffith University in Australia. In the recent past, the world has been meeting this challenge of global warming. And apart from global warming, we also got ourselves into climate change due to global warming. Now, there have been a lot of organizations trying to find a way and break the divide and try to solve the big problem. And in Africa, for instance, we have been having a lot of issues that deal with food insecurity, owing to the fact that we as Africa are hugely dependent on rain-fed agriculture. Now, having this in mind, we can think of a solution to this urgent need, because it may lead to another humanitarian crisis. For example, a majority of Kenyans, a classical example is Kenya, where we have people in the North Eastern provinces, which have since diverted to counties. But in these counties, we have flash floods. And apart from flash floods, when the rain has stopped, we usually have very, very tough climatic conditions when it comes to drought. And we usually experience a lot of deaths owing to food insecurity. And having looked at this, I'm looking at the way we can use technology in a manner that we can have systems in place that we can use to curb these problems and eradicate it while solving another issue. For example, we can use embedded line systems in agricultural use. Since we have already embraced this in smart housing and other fields like medicine, we've also seen the use of 3D printing. These are new trends of technology that are being embraced in this sector, in other sectors. With these in mind, I believe the use of embedded line systems, we can be in a position to go far in solving the food insecurity crisis and also alleviate the suffering caused by the global warming. Not only in Africa, but all other nations where we can implement the use of technology in farming. For instance, on this chart, on these graphs, we can look and see the challenges that are being brought by the climate change. And looking at this, there is a huge threat that comes with the climate change and the current changes as well. For instance, there will be a huge impact on the yields of farming produce with the years progressing. For example here, we can look at the wheat production. There is a negative reduction, negative growth in terms of production. What does this imply? This implies that the production at the farm levels will continue declining. Apart from it declining, the population is growing. Now, when the population grows and the yield and the food production goes low, we are having a jigsaw, a seesaw, a diversion, of which it will impact negatively on the growth of humanity and us as consumers. Now, with these years to come, we can be assured that apart from the food insecurity, we are going to have other disasters and calamities. Look at soy for instance, the yield has gone to almost 0%. Rice also is going at 0%. So with these, we actually need to find a way of coping or avoiding these problems because when they come, you might not be in a position to handle it. It's better we solve this problem prior to it escalating to times where we cannot be able to manage it. With this in mind, and considering that the challenges of global warming are impacting our agriculture, there has been tremendous growth, which is one we cannot trivialize as well because many farmers have started using and implementing drones in agriculture in farming. And with these, these drones have usually have mount sensors on them. And apart from that, we can do, we do pesticide spraying of farm crops using drones. With that in mind, we are looking at a way of increasing the yields, increasing the yields and avoiding challenges that might come with that. Now, with the use of drones and embedded line of systems, of which we can utilize them to have robust interconnection between the drones for data collection in the farms, we can use the drones and embedded line of technologies to collect crop data. One, analyze the crop data and from the crop data, we can do crop management and the crop management can also show us information about the soil analysis from the data we have collected from the crops. And then we can utilize the seasons and proper timing for planting season and among other solutions that we can utilize in agriculture. This a little summary and overview of how we can look at the way the drones utilize are used in farming as well. We select a particular field. For example, we can go and choose 100 acres of land planted with maize. Yeah, and then fly around these drones. We take images of the farm as it is. Then from these images we come and sort out the data and analyze the data we see what we really need. Yeah. Then generate reports. The essential aspect here is the analysis section, because if we are in a position to analyze the data and get the information that we need, we can be in a position to project either yields, either coming past or diseases might affect the crop, or also we can also look at the soil composition that makes the plants look the way they are looking at the farms. Because from the way a plant behaves, from the way a plant grows, we can determine and know what nutrient deficiencies it has and find solutions to it. And from the reports you get, we can automate all this. For example, we can now use drones to do best control, or we can find a solution whether we get rid of the farm completely and restructure it, because if we are planting this and the crops are having diseases that cannot be managed and the yields are not good and the crops will not produce products that are human consumables, we might need to do away with the whole farm. Then we can look at the crop data collection. Now with the sensors, I believe we can use this information we collect data using the drones. Apart from the drones utilized for crop data collection, we can interconnect the drones. Suppose we deploy two to three drones in a particular farm, we use these drones to find solutions from the data we collect. Drones cannot actually collide within the farm structure because they have geo-positioning systems. And with that, we can upload the information to the cloud. Why do we need to keep this data in the cloud? Because at some point in time, we might need to cross-reference the data we have collected and find solutions or see a way of improving future planting seasons. And with the use of drones to collect this data, it's much viable, much easier to implement rather than having people walk in the farms or people walk in the farms to get the data. From this, we have healthy crops around here. And apart from these healthy crops, there are other crops that are having a challenge here. Now in the naked eye, we cannot actually tell you about what's the problem with these plants. And looking at the area of the cropping that has issues, it is almost three quarters of the land. Now, this farmer might not know that at the end of the season, he or she will not be able to harvest anything. But this can be avoided. This can be mitigated against by enhancing technology to get factual data, real-time data as well, and properly analyze data on the farm itself. And this will go a great way to a very great extent in helping the farms have huge yields in terms of when crops are ready. And with that, we will have found a closer way of meeting the food insecurity challenge. Now, data is actually meaningless and worthless without having it analyzed. With these, we can use systems to analyze the data, fit the data in the correct segments of what we actually need from the farm and what we might be looking at and have information in a database. And this is where we can put in the embedded Linux systems here, because with these, we can craft systems, operating systems to actually focus on a particular challenge. When it receives data, we analyze it to fit the need that we have at that time and solve a problem. We analyze it and get the information from the data we've collected from the farms. And this information will need proper storage as well. Now, with the data we have and the geographic positioning of the plants and the type of plants, because that's one of the things that it will be entailed in the data collected, we can be in a position to advise and know what others needs of the farm. And these can also be data utilized by other multi-sectoral agencies that are actually focused in helping out farming and enhancing smart farming in Africa and other nations as well. When it comes to crop management, we can actually summarize it into a few items, but the timing is usually essential. For example, planting, weeding process, top dressing, pest control management, humiliation, and harvesting. Now, all these things are interrelated and they usually happen within a given period of time. Now, if you have information on the proper time and the right time to plant, the right time to weed, and the right time to do farm preparation, you might also improve. We might improve on the weeding process. For example, when we have the sun, actually, we are on a dry season. Many people usually like doing farm preparation at that time, because so many of the weeds will die out during that dry season. And you preparing a farm at that time, we can be in a position to plant. When it comes to planting season, we will be running out a scale to find solutions to the challenge. Now, with a farm previously prepared and adequately prepared for the planting season, we cut costs on pesticides that we are going to use in the farm to try to kill the weeds in the farm so that we can prepare the farm for the other season. And then with the farm being prepared, we can cut on the weeding process. And then with the decomposition of the previously existing ground cover on the soil, the decomposition of it will let nutrients go into the soil, and that can help us also minimize the top dressing material that we might need at that time. And the fumigation process as well and the pest control will need a lot of focus on that as well. With time and having a collection of data, we can know that the challenges that might come to the farm are A, B and C. And the best way of challenging this is presenting the crops with A, B and C. Now, with this, we can look at how best drones usually work for us. For instance, this is a precise mapping of crops in a particular farm. And just to make a little observation here, we have crops here that are a little yellow and then we have crops here that are well-natured for that case, for that matter. So in one, the yellow leaves might portray a challenge the plant is going through. And on the other side, on the flip side, we have crops that are actually, you can see they are well-nourished here. And with the analysis of this, we can find a way of trying to sort out and targeting these crops which are having trouble. On the previous slide, we can look at the disparity between the two cropping within that particular region and we can assess and know that the soils have a challenge. And without we can detect that maybe and know that there are soiled resources that are missing or there are huge chemicals in that particular area that makes the leafy plant have yellowing leaves. Because for proper plants, for plants to have good growth, they need essential green leaves to aid in the photosynthesis process or which is the process of production of food to be utilized by the plant and also for the storage maybe to go to fruits, tubers or leaves if there are plants to be leaves to be consumed by humans. So with this, we can improve and enhance soil productivity because having understood that maybe the soil has been degraded due to too much utilization or due to too much chemical inputs in the farm, we can find now a way of putting organic manure. For example, other byproducts from animal related waste or find crops that are good in fixing some of these nutrients. Yeah, then Baron will go extra mile in solving the problem of global warming as well, because it will reduce the number of the use of chemicals in the farm and with the reduction of chemicals in the farming sector. We will have increased chances of has alleviating the suffering caused by global warming and food insecurity. Now, seasons utilization. These actually entails us knowing the right time for a particular crop. For instance, mangoes, fruits, some fruits usually have timing directions in which they can reproduce. With these, we can be in a position to utilize these seasons adequately because we can do from farm preparation as well since we know the season that is going to come. In the near and actually with these, we can also do predictive farming as well, of which it will come up at a later stage of this presentation. So farmers will be in a position to do this because we have large scale farmers and small scale farmers. So in the small scale, small scale farmers usually do do the chunks of land, but large scale farmers usually do a huge expense of land planting either one crop or subdividing it to probably either grains or vegetables as well. And having proper utilization of this short period of time that has huge benefits to the farm, it is essentially in actually attaining the goals of food security. Now, with the use of embedded systems, we can use these to know maybe that variation changes because initially I said African agriculture is usually dependent so much on the rainfall agriculture. Yes, it is true. But with the use of embedded systems in agriculture, we can be in a position to know whether we are having and we are going to face issues that come with the change of climatic conditions. And with that, we can predict the conditions of an area, a given geographical area for instance, different crops grow at different altitudes and they thrive well in those altitudes. And with these embedded systems in agriculture, we can be in a position to pinpoint which particular crop performs well in this particular time and in this particular area. With that, also, we can also ascertain the proper mechanisms of ensuring that we get the maximum use from the crops that we have put in these farms. And then proper timing for planting seasons. It is closely related to season utilization. However, with this, we get to know like ensuring that we are planting at the right time. Because if a crop has a duration of the farm for let's say 90 days, which is three months, we can be in a position to know the exact time when we are going to harvest this particular crop or the probable duration of which we can be in a position to harvest. Now, with proper planting season, farmers can be in a position to have targeted markets. They can prepare themselves earlier to do the preparation of land and planting and also prepare themselves early in the transition when it comes to putting their crops on sale. And sending them to the market as well for consumption purposes. So it is essential when we are not utilizing these systems of irrigation, this can be in a very good way of helping us predict season and also find the right time to plant and implement the new changes in the agricultural sector. These are essential matters which we cannot play a loop of because food security, I believe it's a paramount thing and everyone has a right to get quality of life. And then with this, because we over the period of time we've been utilizing smart technologies and embedded systems, saving the data and the clouds, we can be in a position to know at what time is it good for us to plant. Apart from that, we can know which particular crop can be fit to be planted in a particular parcel of land. For instance, if we see a plant, an area is suffering from let's say nitrogen deficiency, we can do intercropping a crop that will be in a position to solve the problem that's come with over utilization and over consumption of nitrogen or find a crop that can fix nitrogen into the soil. With this, we can be in a position to actually mitigate against two major threats to humanity, which is food security and climate change. Since we have found a solution to ensure that we have crops that are growing in a particular period of time for a particular solution to be good. Now, with this, having all said all this, the question is why do we need the Linux embedded systems? Why Linux embedded systems? One thing I really enjoy about Linux is the community itself. The community has a way, Linux community has a way of providing solutions, finding when you have about, you can communicate with someone who uses the particular distrust of Linux that you're using and give your solution to it. And with those operating systems, we can actually mold them to fit in a given setting of which they're being deployed to. And there are numerous projects that actually enhance the growth of technology and help in life itself. And what are the benefits that we are going to get? From all this, we can get to know that Linux systems, we get information that are real time systems. We can have systems that are less power consuming, of which we are trying to move into green technologies and stuff like those ones. Compact in design, hence they can fit in any particular drone setting to be implemented, to be utilized in the field. And with that brings in the aspect of cost, they are cost effective and cost sensitive to be precise. And they can be used in many areas in the setting. And that really summarizes what I really believe we can utilize Linux embedded systems in solving challenges that are facing farming in Kenya. And I really want to say thank you for your time. And I think I believe we can get questions and answer you. Yeah, thank you.