 Yes sir. Yes sir. Yes sir. Yes sir. Yes sir. Yes sir. I am on extraordinary leave sir. So I am. You are not joined? No sir. I have joined and taken leave. Not given acts here at all? No sir. No sir. Tell me something about this paper. Paper on cost estimation cost problem. Sir, in my final year I did my dual degree project that is the Amtech project. For that I did this research paper. So in which I tried to understand why there is so much cost over in our country. And I tried to understand it from a perspective of cost estimators. But how their estimates are going wrong. So what I basically did, I divided the industry into major stakeholders. And then I interacted with the cost estimators in those stakeholders. For example, I visited large contractors, small contractors. And I tried to understand their methodology. And from that sir, using the Darfi method, using their interviews, I tried to come out with these solutions why this cost estimation and cost over in the fact. Sir, most overall will be different factors. Yes sir. They are different factors. So why their estimation was not accurate that I tried to understand from them. So you see if accurate estimation is done that this work is to be completed in 2 years. And if these parameters are satisfied. Yes sir. But government has not given sanctions. Government has delayed the COVID claim. And some natural calamities are there. So these factors are accounted? Yes sir. Are these accounted? Yes sir. This will not be accounted in the cost estimation. Sir, that is the reason that I asked them why our cost estimates are not going correct. So they explained me that what are the reasons their cost estimates are not going. So reasons mentioned as why you that getting land acquisition, getting sanctions at the right point of time. Even delays, forced mazure events. So all those events were conducted at the same time other main reasons they decided is lack of project planning. For example, they do not have adequate technology. They are using very old methods of cost estimation. Even they are not using reference class forecasting. Which is generally an international practice in which they try to compare with the similar projects. Once they have calculated such cost. So these were one of the major factors that I found out. They have a number of states. That is good. There are some states like Rameen, Bhoomi, Heem, Prisheema. You know that? Prisheema is not available. Sorry sir, I have not heard about it. Full page advertisements are coming. And there is something Godan, Nyaya Vajna. Yes sir, heard about the Nyaya Vajna. What is that? Land Nyaya Vajna. Yes sir, in Nyaya Vajna the land based farmers, famo families, will be given 6000 rupees direct cash benefit transfer in their account yearly. And I was just reading that they are monetizing cow dung also. Yes sir, there is a Godan scheme. In this sir they are giving, if my memory serves me correctly, around 1.5 rupees per kg of cow dung. They are claiming that this is the first time it is being done anything. Yes sir, this is the first time. Because cow dung is generally used as a fertilizer. So, if it is used as a fertilizer, that is also monetization. We are selling money on conventional fertilizers. So, how it is being done for the first time? Cow dung is never a waste. Villages are using it either for uplas and for the fuel goods or in the fields. Yes sir, there are multiple utilization of cow dung that we see. So, that is what I mean. This big advertisement, first time in the country is being monetized. Making full of the public. Sir, I believe it is done in a more formalized manner. So, that directly they can procure it from the villagers. Of course sir, we are using it for ourselves. Let us say I am a farmer and I have 10 cows. So, I will not need so much cow dung. I will need probably cow dung. But you know in the villages there is a system of selling it also. If I am a farmer, I do not have cows at all. I purchase from others. Sorry sir, I do not have a lot of this. You have to develop a new city for the capital. Okay. That is your seeds desire. Yes sir. But our factors will keep into mind and what in what way you will prioritize that your work starts in the first year itself. What work you can start in the first year and major steps you will take. And that particular land patch is adjoining to the city and few villages are also. So, the first most important will be population forecasting and understanding what will be the demand of the city in future. Not just now, but 50, 70 years down after. Second main step would be sir to survey the area. Not just from the civil engineering perspective, but from other perspective also. For example, what is the wind direction? What is the geotechnical condition, geological conditions of that area? Is it disaster prone? How risky disaster are there? So, such things. Thirdly sir, I need to start of finding out what will be the city center of my city. And I have to design as per the transit oriented development model as it is prevalent in the modern cities. In this model sir, there is a minimum level of transportation that we need to do and there is maximum efficiency that comes in the city. So, that will be my main focus. Then sir, I will decide about the villagers. Since there are so many villagers and their land is very important and it is sourced for livelihood for them and hence making them partner in this development will be essential. So, making sure either they are getting rehabilitated or they are giving a share in the development process through the value capture financing. Okay. Okay. What is the fruit of this? State fruit. That's mango. And green? That's banyan. Yes sir. How does the geography of a particular region impact the construction methodology that's followed? Sir, geography has a very important role in deciding the construction. If I give an example, for example, in Chennai, when we have a, we have a, we have a climatic condition where there is a sea around. So, there is increased sulphur content in the soil and in the water and hence we need to use sulphate-resisting cement. Secondly, sir, let's talk about northeast. So, we have access of bamboo and other natural materials that we can use for construction. So, at least if a geography of a region is such that it has, it is a disaster point, let's say in Japan, then we are using lightweight materials like the wood. And even sir, when we just talk about this much about materials, when we talk about a designing method. For example, sir, when we have to design the orientation of the building, if it is a very tropical area, then we generally design the building in a north-south direction so that we get maximum output of sun and minimum heating problem. Sir, can we talk about disaster resilient construction techniques? Let's say take XYZ disaster. This is what will be done. Sir, if we take the case of earthquake, then we have base isolation techniques that we have. We have mass dampener techniques also. And there's a new technique is also coming in Japan, where we're trying to separate the whole building from the ground by making a pit and filling up the sand or other lightweight materials so that the energy of the disaster does not transmit to the building. Secondly, we take the case of the cyclones. Then generally the design orientation of the building is such that we do not have sharp corners or where the wind vertex can be formed. But at the same time we can also use the landscaping of the trees and other areas, even mangroves are used for shelter beds. Then, sir, if we are taking the case of, if there is an issue of water, for example, floods and droughts are common, then we can use the rainwater harvesting system in a very important manner. For example, in Chennai, one year we are facing extreme drought, other year we are facing extreme floods. So, we have developed rainwater harvesting systems. Modern construction methodology has come up with a lot of smart materials. But despite that if you look at all these historical structures, they seem to be much more stronger and more resilient. You get all the forts and bridges and things which have been constructed early. Do you think there has been a decline in quality of construction? Sir, in my opinion, there has not been a decline in the quality. What earlier used to do is the kings used to have a very large amount of resources that they couldn't tap into. And secondly, sir, their main purpose was to create a heritage, to create a legacy. So, they used to create such big forts and strength was the main criteria for them, longevity was the main criteria for them. And they did not care about how much money it might take them. But when it comes to the current modern techniques, sir, the main criteria for us is functionality, so that we can get the maximum out of the building, maximum out of the structure in minimum resources. And hence, sir, we are looking for sustainable buildings, green buildings. If we want, sir, we can also design a building which might last, let's say, 1000 years. But that is not our criteria right now. So, planned obsoles? Yes. Are you familiar with the concept of planned obsoles? Sorry, sir. You have studied it in Madras. Yes, sir. You are from Madras. Yes, sir. What are the cultural differences that you have experienced between Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka? So, firstly, was the empowerment of women. When I see the empowerment of women in Tamil Nadu, it is at much higher level than compared to, let's say, Madhya Pradesh. Secondly, sir, the caste system is very much prevalent in Madhya Pradesh. You can directly see the caste everywhere. But in Tamil Nadu, the caste system is there, but it is settled. So, that is the second thing. For example, if you are thinking about marriage or something, plan you notice the caste system in Tamil Nadu, but not in the general life. Thirdly, sir, in Madhya Pradesh, it is mostly a rural area. Around 75% of the Madhya Pradesh population is rural. But in Tamil Nadu, it is only around 45% is rural. So, Tamil Nadu is much more an urbanized cultural civilization. Compare the performance of media without its planning commission. Sir, I believe these two are very different organizations which have very different mandate. For example, the mandate of planning commission was to design pioneer plans so that country can decide on how to expand its planned expenditure. But when it comes to NETIO, its mandate is more to bring reforms in the governments and reforms so that it is primarily a think tank for the government. Secondly, sir, NETIO is trying to bring new ideas in the government. It is trying to partner with the foreign players, partner with the private players without actually disrupting the idea of governance, without disrupting the existing norms of the government. So, it is trying to do reforms without changing the basic structure of the government. Thirdly, sir, planning commission was more of a top-down approach where most of the decisions were taken by the planning commission members. But in NETIO, most of the decisions they are trying to bring the bottom-up approach. A great example of that would be the aspirational district program. In this, sir, they are trying to empower the district magistrate, state prabharis, so that a revolution can come at the ground level. So, these are the mutations. This is a hobby of watching movies in cinema. You are governor of the Dhanbadan? Yes, sir. So, what Tamil movies have you watched? I have watched a lot of Tamil movies recently. What movies have you watched? Recently, I have watched a movie called Super Deluxe. Then I have watched a movie called Mandela. And then I have also watched movies of... Can you tell me about Mandela's movie Mandela? It is a very interesting concept. It is set up in the background of a panchayat election. So, basically, the whole village is divided on the basis of caste. There are two castes, Northner and Southner. And two step-brothers are fighting the elections. There is only one person of Alwar who has not decided where his vote will go. And he is not at all respected in the whole village. Good. I think you are seeing more Tamil movies than I do. I am not aware of the movies in the village. But did you see Radhini Khan's movie? Yes, sir. Did you see Anna Malay? No, sir. Because Japanese, you know, they saw it many times. Those people are trendy about Anna Malay. Okay. But tell me, you put these and do bad things about Chennai. Sir, the best thing about Chennai that I found is law and order. Law and order? Yes, sir. You can... Is it much better than other places that I found? So, you can go out at night at 12 o'clock also and you will always find police when having your back. In Chennai. In Chennai? Yes, sir. So, law and order is very good in Chennai. Secondly, sir, I feel that women empowerment is one thing which I really like about Chennai. I found that most of the women that I interacted with, they were doing some kind of profession they had. That is not something that I see in the urban setting in Madhya Pradesh. Secondly, sir, if I have to say about two bad things, the first bad thing I would say is badder. It is very heart and humid badder and most of the year, for a person like me, it was difficult, especially in the initial. Second thing... Yes, sir. I think... Yes, sir. Second thing, sir. I think, sir, there is too many hero worship in Tamil Nadu or Chennai in particular. You walk in any road and you find posters and posters of either cinema or people or politicians. So, I feel, sir, that should be something that should not be there. There should not be so much hero worship. Vidisha, you don't have any other thought. I am trying to become one. But, Vidisha some prominence, the emphasis on Vidisha, can you hear me? Sir, tell me a little bit about the prominent MP, Sushma Saurabh, even Siddharth Singh Chauhan was once an MP from Vidisha. How about Sushma Saurabh? Sushma Saurabh, I think. Sushma Saurabh, I think. Very good. Nithya, you were there for two days, you got a rupee. You said zero. Yes, sir, I did not get a rupee because it is a not paid stipend kind of internship, sir. Okay, we have the such thing also. Yes, sir, you can apply for internship at Nithya, no? No payment. I mean, everything government can understand that. Exactly. You say I don't take anything, okay. No, but that's great. What project did you work on? Did you work on any project? Yes, sir. Sir, I worked on two projects. First was infrastructure developing in northeast. Any particular state or in general, sir? The status report on that and that was published in 50 at that point of time. Secondly, sir, I was working on the financial guidelines of Indian Legal Finance Corporation. Good, now I work on the infrastructure. Sir, what I really found was for a very long time, we were not keeping northeast as an important part of our infrastructure connectivity. That was mainly because initially we have this policy that we should keep northeast. We should enter as less as possible in northeast. Secondly, sir, we did not realize the potential of northeast. Now with the low-east policy and active policy, we realize that northeast can be the whole country where we connected to the Asian countries. Thirdly, sir, because of the geographical features and geological conditions, it was very difficult for us to develop the infrastructure. But with time, we developed new tunneling methods, we developed new bridging methods and it became feasible for us to develop infrastructure in northeast, taking railways down there and now we have a plan to connect all the major cities on northeast, especially the capitals by railways. Is there any connectivity on the north-east? Capitals of the northeast are still in the states? Sir, by railways, we cannot enter the north-east. We are planning to complete the way by 2024. Which one are we supposed to connect to the north-east? All the state capitals will be connected to the north-east. All the northern-east, the northern-east, the northern-east are connected to the north-east. All the northern-east, the northern-east are connected to the north-east. Now, there is some connectivity from Kripura via Bangladesh. What is that? Very connectivity? Are you aware? Sir, I am not aware about it. No, no, no. Okay. Okay. What are different types of bricks? They are used in construction. So, bricks can be classified on the basis of a lot of things. They can be classified to qualify plastic on the basis of materials. And it can be said mud bricks. It can be concrete bricks. If we try to decide on the basis of size of the brick, then there is standard brick. What is the size of the standard brick? What are the size? Sir, it is 19 in length. 9 x 9 in centimeter. Okay. So, after the... Yes, the hollow bricks. They can be burnt bricks. Fly ash? Fly ash bricks, sir. Sir, tell me how many of you constructed bricks for fly ash brick? Bricks. Because the Karnataka means somewhere the brick nearly will be obviously a how do you transport it? Fly ash? How do you transport it? Sir, transportation of fly ash is a major issue because it is the... Major issue. Sorry. I have a pipeline. Okay, thank you. Thank you, sir. Shubham? Yes, sir. Shubham, you are from Videsha. Videsha has a lot of historical sites. Yes, sir. Tell me something about it. Sir, firstly we have Sachi Stupa which is very near to Videsha, 8 kilometers away from Videsha. Then we have Udaigili Caves which is also near Videsha. Thirdly, sir, we have Acharan Teeth which is one of the very oldest, older temples. Then, sir, we have Mara Devi, Bajramat which are also very old gen temples. And we have Kham Baba or the Hillodiore Spillet that is also there in Videsha. Then, sir, many artifacts have also been developed in Videsha. For example, there is a Yaksini which is very famous which has been developed... Then we have old monuments of old sculptures of Vishnu Bhagwan and even Vahraftar of Vishnu Bhagwan is there. Vahraftar is located in one of the caves. One of your hobbies is mentoring students. Yes, sir. So, what mentoring do you do? Sir, mentoring is one of my very old hobbies. I started when I was in my second year of college. I started mentoring in Avanti Fellows. There I was mentoring the students who are preparing for IITJ. At times, I started mentoring my juniors for the college classes because I was part of the Mithra team of my college. After graduating from college, I started mentoring the students who are preparing for civil services. Once I qualified, one stage and I started mentoring them. For example, sir, in recently this pandemic, I formed a group of 29 students whom I was mentoring to prepare for answer writing and how to approach civil services. They all were my juniors, sir. Okay. How is heartfulness meditation different from normal meditation? Sir, the object of meditation and heartfulness meditation is our heart. We imagine that there is a divine source of light in our heart and we are trying to imbibe that divine source of light in our personality. Secondly, sir, there is a technique of transmission that is deeply prominent in heartfulness. In this, sir, the guide is transferring a source of energy in our body. It is also called tanahuti and that helps us to get into the meditation practice quickly. That is something unique about heartfulness. Okay. What are the sources of revenue for the railways? We see that railways is a very high expenditure. What are the sources of their revenue? The main source of revenue for railways is the freight, especially the coal. Around 70% of railways are from freight and 50% of them are from coal. Secondly, the passengers. Although railways are making loss in passengers because it has social obligations, but passengers are also very important. Around we are transporting around 800 crore people every year. Third source is the non-fair revenues. For example, advertisement. Even sir, now we are trying to bring in new source of revenues like asset monetization, station redevelopment and even running in private trains. So this is going to be the major source of revenue in future. There is a problem of cross subsidization in railways. So who subsidizes which revenue source subsidizes the other? So the freight revenue that is the revenue collected for transporting freight is the revenue transported for passengers. What impact does it have on the finances of the railways? Firstly sir, it has led to decline in our model share. For example sir, during independence our model share was around 82% in our railways. But now it has declined to only 29% in the recent 2020. That shows that we are losing our model share because of cost subsidization to roadways and the waterways and the railways. Secondly sir, because of this cost subsidization our freight become very expensive freight traffic. And thirdly sir, because we are always privatizing the passengers and hence timely delivery of freight also become issue which leads to overall increase in the logistic cost for the country and hence our competitiveness and the world market also get affected. Since you mentioned share of the modes of travel can you tell me what is the current status of the Udhan scheme? Sorry sir, I am not sure what the numbers are. Okay and what is the objective of Udhan scheme? So Udhan scheme basically is planning to connect the major cities of the country through air connectivity. Even the entire two and three cities also have to be connected through the air connectivity. And this has been done in the public-private partnership model through the magnetic gap funding model. Okay, so have some airports being developed in Madhya Pradesh also under the scheme? Yes sir, the Gwalior airport and the Satna airport have been developed under the schemes and even the Khaznau airport initially only had one Airstrip but now they are developing into a full-fledged airport. Okay, so now we are going to do this.