 students. So, this presentation is a continuation of the earlier presentation that we have seen on glycolytic pathway. So, this presentation will give a clear outline regarding the total energy yield from glycolysis of glycolytic pathway. So, we have already studied that during anaerobic oxidation or during anaerobic conditions the end product produce will be lactate and during aerobic conditions the end product produce will be pyruvate. So, during anaerobic condition what happens is that here one molecule of glucose this glucose will be converted to lactate from pyruvate. So, glucose get converted to pyruvate and pyruvate thereby gets converted to another product called as lactate in anaerobic conditions. So, here we are looking into the energy yield two molecules of ATP is produced two molecules of ATP is produced in the overall pathway when one molecule of glucose is converted to lactate. Here four molecules of ATP are synthesized look at this reaction the reaction number seven and the reaction number ten here the reaction number seven one three bisphosphoglycerate is converted to three phosphoglycerate. So, this conversion it is catalyzed by the enzyme one three bisphosphoglycerate kinase similarly phosphoenol pyruvate is converted to pyruvate the presence of the enzyme pyruvate kinase. So, as an overall four molecules of ATP is synthesized by means of two substrate level phosphorylation, but if you are looking into the energy utilization here you can see the step one and also in the step three when glucose gets converted to glucose 6-phosphate one molecule of ATP is utilized the presence of the enzyme hexokinase. Similarly when fructose 6-phosphate is converted to fructose one six bisphosphate here also one ATP molecule is utilized because it is a enzyme phospho-fractopinase. So here two molecules of ATP utilization and here four molecules of ATP production. So as a whole total there will be the production of four molecules and there will be the utilization of two molecules. So the total yield we can say that it is two ATP molecules that is four molecules of ATP is produced minus two molecules of ATP is utilized. So the total energy yield by anaerobic oxidation of this glucose is two molecules of ATP. Now the second condition that is when the oxygen is available in plenty what happens the glucose will be converted to pyruvate. So during this conversion of this glucose to pyruvate what happens here one of the major step of this conversion of this glucose to pyruvate is that it produces NADH molecules. Two NADH molecules are produced by the action of the enzyme glyceraldate 3-phosphate dehydrogenase on the substrate glyceraldate 3-phosphate. Thereby glyceraldate 3-phosphate keeps converted to 1-3-bisphosphate glycerate. So this produced NADH molecules that is this produced two NADH molecules they can enter the mitochondrial electron transport chain for complete oxidation. So each NADH molecule it can provide three ATP's. So when two NADH molecule is completely oxidized that can generate six ATP molecule. So this step can generate six ATP molecules that is as it is producing two NADH molecules. So that's when oxygen is available in surplus the net gain of energy from glycolysis pathway is 8 ATP's. That means six ATP from this step then two ATP's from this step another two ATP's from this step. So total six plus two plus two that is 10 minus two molecules of ATP is utilized in this reaction number 1 and 3. So 10 minus 2 it is 8. So in aerobic oxidation or in aerobic conditions the total ATP is produced are 18 number and in anaerobic condition the total ATP produced it is 2 in number. Now what happens to this pyruvate that's generated by means of aerobic oxidation this pyruvate it can later be oxidative EVD carboxylated to acetyl CoA and this acetyl CoA it can enter into the TCA cycle. So if you are looking into the complete oxidation of glucose through glycolysis combined with this citric acid cycle it will be producing a total number of 38 ATP molecules. With that we conclude our session on the energy in the glycolytic pathway and in the next class we will be seeing gluconeogenetics. Thank you very much.