 Ja, wir können anfangen mit dem nächsten Talk. Es geht um die kleinen Dinge im Leben. Neben mir steht schon André Lampe, ein Laserphysiker. Hext to me standing is André Lampe, he is a Laser Physicist. Vor allen Dingen beschäftigt er sich mit Microscope. He is working with Microscope last year at the 333. He has already given a talk about Microscopes, which you can put in your home. And that's why it's particularly cool that today we can talk about us again. And we can have a closer look at what you can do yourself, so without having a proper laboratory. Thank you very much for being here. There you are. Thank you very much. Ja, einen schönen guten Abend. Welcome everyone. It's about the small things in life too. That's a prequel, not a char char bingsee. Mein Name ist André Lampe. And I love Microscopes really from the bottom of my heart. It's a very nice picture for me. I wish it was been for Fr. Kirschwogel. You can follow her on Twitter. Last year at the talk I was talking about high resolution Microscopes. It was talking about mainly that at the limits of what's possible in research you shouldn't be focused on pictures. It's mainly about the data, which is behind these pictures. And that the raw data is particularly awesome. Because the software is developing more faster than the hardware, which is looking behind. So with better software we can have work at a resolution limit. That's for the professional scientists. Ja, also so Menschen, die halt... So like people who are doing stuff in a lab, but if you're just a curious person, you are interested in nature and you want to have a closer look at the things around you, then this is not necessarily the thing for you. Then it makes sense that you are actually looking with your eye on the thing you're looking at. When there's also things about pictures. And that's what I want to talk about tonight. So the point is how you get started with microscopy. So if you're just curious and I'll try to explain which parameters are the important ones. If you have in mind to take a few euros and invest and already warning from things what you can find in stores or online, sometimes it's just bullshit. So before we are starting, some pictures of things we can look at with the microscope. Here it gets interesting, if these things are strange. On the left hand side it's a... On the right hand side you see curry powder in a mid-range magnification. And you can already see this dust. It's just unicolor. In a magnification you can actually see these different colors. Here at the very left hand side you have a needle. It's a tip of a needle. In the middle it's such an injection needle from an insulin injection. On the right hand side it's a tip of a pen. Especially that tip in the middle you can see how actually sharp it is compared to the thing on the left hand side. On this picture, that's from another talk from the 3333 from Chris Galinsky. Thanks for you. Pictures. He was talking how do I crack satellites and cable pay TV. He put much effort to clean the chips. So there's really much more behind that than microscopy. But in the end using a microscope he was able to look at these chips and at the point where the data was saved he was able to read this out. Right, you see the bright and the darkest. This is representing ones and zeroes. And actually that's something you can't do with a microscope. What a talk, it was really fun for me. Biology, there are other things. On the left hand side you can see a video from a colleague Martin Ballas. He's writing things for Skylogs. In his aquarium he was looking what he finds and this is animal. You can see here on the left hand side which is moving around. On the right hand side you can see a sample 80 or 90. It's a sample from microscopy made from a fungus. You see the lamella. It's upside down, if you're wondering about that. You see the lamella and the core and the inner cell structure. A short introduction how I got into the topic of microscopes. I started physics, later physics to be accurate. Then I went to biochemistry. Then you're getting into lab. You start reading this microscope and then your chef is there. It's cool, I have a look. And then you as a physicist say, I just worked on that three weeks. Adjust this part from the camera. What do you want to see? It doesn't make sense. So you are going to see colors and the camera is black and white. It's interesting. So I said, I was new in the lab. Jan, my boss, he was super cool. So if you see this, no hard feelings. I was like, why do you want to look at the microscope? I don't understand. I should do something about it. You look at the cell structures. I had my own cell line. I had to manage this. A colleague told me, if you have this pink liquid, if you want to get this cell, you take one militer and put that on top. If this liquid is a little older, then you take a little bit more. What does this mean? What does this mean? It's a little bit older, you take a little bit more. I'm a physicist. This is deterministic. A something happens. B in biology. You have A. Something. We can't describe life in a deterministic way. This is not biology's fault. We've just not gotten that far to understand this complex device that is life. We can't understand every single step. This is just a part of biology, like determinism is to physics. And that's what made a click-noise in my head. This whole, well, use a bit more. Biology is like baking. You need the right ingredients, but you also need feeling. Is the dough too dry, too wet? Do you need to put something in there? And you don't have to take pictures of every single thing. Maybe you just have to look at it and use your own eyes and get a feeling for it. That's actually important. In the beginning I said I'm going to go into the lab, make my measurement and my colleague said they take pictures. Right now I'm measuring and taking pictures. And I'd like to live in a world where a physicist, a biologist, a pedagogue and a sociologist could go out drinking and respect each other and not hate on each other for their profession. But that's probably going to take a while. Was ich eigentlich sagen wollte? What I actually wanted to say, Microscopes, I'm going to give you a little introduction why it's important to look through them. But we also want to put a focus on how to get pictures out of them. There's different types. To the left, a stereo microscope. The sample is relatively far away. You can put it in a little Petri dish. And you generally have two oculars to look through. That's because it's actually a stereo microscope. The eyepieces are angled to each other so you can see 3D. But no high magnifications. At least you can put big things under it, like a beetle, a leaf, a piece of dirt. What do you want? Then there are normal or through light microscopes. That's the kind of thing that I've sat in front of for 7 years. So that's probably why I think it's normal. That's the main type. Then there are a few others. I'll mention them here and there. Recommend some and maybe hate on a few of them will warn you. And there's the fluorescence high resolution microscope. That's not a topic today. But I just wanted to show it to you to see that it's quite a bit more complex. So, that's the types. Now before we get to magnification. I wanted to show you or I wanted to demonstrate to you the sizes of things. So I sat down and looked for lots of public domain images to give you a sense of scale. And I think I was kind of successful. So let's start with something we know. So, a dog. A songbird. A computer chip. A flea. A human hair. The 100 micrometers mean the diameter. Pollen. Bacteria. These are salmonella. A virus. This is influenza. 10 nanometer are nanostructures on computer chips. And to the right. A DNA molecule under an electron microscope. And finally 0.1 nanometers those balls are single gold atoms taken with a raster force microscope. And if we put the microscope types I told you about 100. The stereo microscope is from 10 ish centimeters to 100 micrometers maybe a bit more. But it's going to cost you a bit of money. Then there's the transmissive microscope. Starts smaller but can go down even farther. A bit more than a micrometer. I color that part orange. We're going to do that later. Then there's the high-resolution fluorescence microscope. It goes down to about nanometer. With the light. And then there's the electron microscope. That goes down even lower. The colored parts are really hard to do. That doesn't mean you have to invest a lot of time. But for example with the transmissive microscope the samples are so thin that you have hardly any contrast at all. So you have to dial them. Have to get chemicals. Learn it. It might be a bit toxic. Or you need a fume hood or stuff like that. That's what I mean. But it's hard. And about the fluorescence microscope I told you why that is hard last year. And now magnification or what this 1x to 1024x actually means. You calculate that relatively easily. IP, times objective is magnification. In this case the IP is 10x. The objective is 8x. 10x8. That's 80x. 80x what? Relative to what? Have you asked that yourself? It means 80x larger than if it was 25cm away from your eye. So, that's hard to understand. But the cardboard tube inside the kitchen a roll of paper towels for the kitchen is about 25cm long. So, that's a pretty good way to set the distance and see what this magnification means. So, if you go further away to 50cm you've built something that has 0.5x magnification. This is actually only useful with the eye if you look through it and not for pictures and cameras. Every time you see a picture from under a microscope with the 400x I could explode. They should put a little bar in there a length standard so you can compare that. So you see magnification is only relative to your eye. Another aspect is the working distance. If you have a low magnification for example a 4x objective to the left here then you can put it relatively far from the sample. If you want a higher magnification the objective needs to get closer to the sample. This kind of helps you to see how big is your size or how do I have to prepare it. At 40x or higher you have to get very, very close and the samples then have to be put under glass, cut apart and if there is an inaccessible place it's hard and I really have to look at the working distance. And this is how it looks the digital image it's not the magnification in the top right this is just the objective I used. With a 4x objective the image looks like the one to the left for the larger 10x it's like the one in the middle for details of the single cells you have to go to 40x the one to the right and here you can see that at the edge of the image it's slightly blurry that's not because it's at the edge but because the sample is a little wavy and closer to the objective so we have to talk about depth of field the higher the magnification the closer you have to go and the more problematic depth of field is what this means is that with 4x I found a piece of the sample that had dust on it and I took an image with the 4x objective with a 10x it starts to blur with a 40x it's just a dark shadow so the higher my magnification the closer I have to go and the lower my depth of field is ok Magnification working distance and depth of field is everything you need to know for the beginning so just so you've heard it numerical aperture tubas length, optimal glass thickness and immersion objective larger magnifications larger magnification objectives are optimized for a certain thickness of cover slip with immersion objectives you put a drop of water or oil in there to collect more light but for the beginning this is not really relevant but what's really rare to find on the package is the field of view you can't really measure this or express this in a number you have to see it I took 4 microscopes the left cosmos microscope for children in the middle Bressa microscope for use in schools about 130 euros and to the right an Olympus research microscope in der 4-Digit-Range und hier man sieht die gleiche Magnification aber eine andere Field-of-View und ich habe es gemacht mit einem Cellphone in der Front wenn man da anfängt mit dem Auge direkt durchzugucken so man sieht den Unterschied wenn man die Cosmos-Magroscope benutzt es ist ein kleiner Tube Bressa ist ein bisschen wider man sieht das nicht dass die Cosmos-Magroscope ein schlechtes es hat wirklich gute Bilder man kann damit arbeiten aber wenn ich über die Field-of-View zu sprechen habe hier habe ich verschiedene Magroscopes es ist meistens ein größeres Field-of-View es ist ein Teil, in dem es billig ist so, ich habe ein Parameter-Bullshit ich habe dir verschiedene Microscopes, ich habe sie online ich habe sie also 6 oder 7 ich habe die Highlights Magnification 40x 2000x unfortunately die Resolution-Limit die Resolution-Limit sagt, dass die Magnification 1250 nicht mehr Sinn macht es ist ein Marketing-Kamera dann haben wir 2 Megapixels 5 Megabit-High-Resolution bla bla all die Produkte, die ich gekauft habe es waren nur 640x480 Sensoren ich sage es dir manchmal war es da, aber meistens nicht 30fps, 60fps High-Speed Testung, es ist leicht zu installieren Money-Features bei 5 out of 7 die Dinge, die ich geordert habe aber nicht Software-Inkluded aber im Prinzip ich war klar die Lenses, High-Qualität Optical-Glas es war wahrscheinlich nur Plastik das ist nicht zu schlecht, weil die Bilder ich zeige dir in den Beginn von den Niedlern von den Curry, alles war mit einer Plastik-Lensung wenn es eine genaue Plastik ist und es ist polisch, du musst nicht den Unterschied sehen nicht sogar in der Lab du siehst den Unterschied wenn du mit Plastik oder Glas es ist nicht so wichtig aber ich würde sagen, warnen du dieses Ding, du siehst hier ein Smartphone wo du auf ein Microskop klippst Wischten ist die Smartphone-Kamera einer unserer Kollegen hat versucht das Assemble und es turniert und du musst das Smartphone holen du musst die Wiener um das Schärfen zu bekommen und wir haben auch über Schärfen und Dämpfe gesprochen ich würde sagen, es sind 100, 200 Micrometers wenn du wirklich die Wiener holst auf das Assemble um das 100 Micrometers zu gehen Respekt dein Koffer-Level war eigentlich ich war von dem ich versuche das es ist total schade es ist ziemlich denn Microskop ist etwas cool dann bietst du es dann stoppst du in Microskop also nicht stoppst du in Microskop wenn du was hast mit der Kamera und der LCD-Display ist cool wenn die Kamera gebrochen ist nur 640x480 und der LCD-Display ist auch super du hast viel Spaß und es ist ziemlich komisch hier hast du 2000 Digital Zoom ja, super dann die Kamera dann hast du nur die Pixel und du kannst nicht wirklich was machen was ich dir recommend ich habe es all von mir testet und ich würde nie was recommend ich habe es nicht testet und das ist nicht mit Open-Source-Software wenn du verschiedene Erfahrungen hast hier hast du Microscop von Cosmos ich habe kein Geld von Cosmos ich habe es nur verwendet ich war nur im Raum und das ist warum ich das habe wahrscheinlich sind es auch andere Produzenten also wenn du dein Smartphone benutzt und die Bilder nehmen die beste Kamera ist eigentlich immer in deinem Pocket und in zwei Jahren etwas kannst du eine neue Kamera zeigen es ist einfach großartig mehr Pixel als 640x480 und es gibt noch mehr Pixel eine andere gute Sache ist dieses funny Ding du kannst dein Smartphone mit deinem Smartphone die richtige Distance haben du kannst die Bilder nehmen also du musst dein Microscope mit deinem Display und du kannst etwas exchange ich würde das eigentlich recommend es ist sehr kalt und du kannst interessante Dinge machen und du kannst die Bilder machen vielleicht haben wir eine andere Art so wie ein altes ich denke es ist ca. 70 Jahre alt und da habe ich nur eine Akkularkamera gebraucht ich habe das auf den Topf die coole Sache ist mit Microscope-Technik ist es normal also alle zwei haben das selbe Radius also diese Akkularkamera ist eigentlich fit ich plug den in es hat ein Sensor 4HD du kannst es mit Open-Source-Software also eine USB-Kamera du kannst es mit alles benutzen es hat gute Bilder es kostet ca. 60 Euro also tausch das rum wie ihr wollt aber du kannst es auch mit eine coole Microscope machen dann sind diese und ich meine man kann es nicht durchschauen das ist schlecht aber ca. 120 Euro ja, warum nicht ich benutze etwas wie das, um die Bilder der Curry-Powder und der Nebel zu nehmen es ist nicht schlecht für ein bisschen zu spielen aber bitte du musst es für einen Stand haben weil du es in deinem Hand holst du wirst mit deinem Todesfeld und deinem Distanz weil du dein Hand nicht holst das ist stabil und was ich dir recommend habe ich letztes Jahr Micromanager das Open-Source-Microscope-Software es kann zu allen Kameras sprechen ich habe es ever als voller Arduino-Support so ein wirklich gutes Projekt bilde dein eigenes motorisches Microscope es ist ein wirklich tolles Projekt so ein Bautvat dank der Munich für die tollen Sticker ich habe sie für deine Box und ich habe nicht wirklich ein Dank für sie ja, sie sind toll es ist jetzt auf meinem Olympus Microscope also, konkrete Applikation das ist die Anna Müllner die hier vorhin wir haben, das ist wir Anna Müllner und ich sie hat ein paar Agar-Plates und was ihr hier seht ist das Result von einem Fingerprint von Tag 1 das ging bis dieser Abend was ihr hier seht sind Bakterie-Kulturen also, wasch deine verdammten Hand wirklich, wir haben es also, ich habe ein Microscopic Bild von diesem oder eher 140mm und ich habe sie zusammen also, ich habe eine kleine Skadelbar in der Top-Reit, so ihr seht das dank der Anna oder Adora Bell folgt auf Twitter, besucht auf der Website also, ein Fingerprint zwei Tage an einem Petri-Dicht und ich werde es versuchen in der Vollseise also, ihr könnt es downloaden einfach nach meinem Blog das war es, ich hoffe, das war ein guter Interessant kommt hier und schaut durch die Microscopes dann sitze ich an der Science Hack & Communication Assembly neben dem Chaos-Parten da werden Links, da werden Stoff etwas meistens wird es ein Publikum auf meinem Blog und ich werde ein paar andere Dinge uploaden, was hier passiert und ein bisschen Self-Advertisement ich habe Science-Documentation drei Wissenschaftler gehen in eine Bar und plötzlich Knowledge thank you for listening thank you for listening to Sinti Klein-Ding in Leben 2 translated by Duckman und disregard that questions if you insert an ocular camera you lose the magnification of the old eyepiece do you hand the camera compensate for that or are there other tricks to get back to the original magnification well if you stick a camera into the optical system then it's about the pixel size of your sensor and with my camera it's 12 micrometers so it's a very very good camera if the ocular is missing you can actually add a reduction lens because the pixels of modern chips are so damn small it goes down to 6 micrometers and you can make really cool images with it eine Frage können wir dann noch auf Mikrofon 2 noch machen ok, another question for microphone 2 is this a question but more remark I wanted to say cameras actually have pixel for a half a micrometer these are 3 or 4 megapixel cameras or like a quarter salt and you can actually combine them with I thought that in a lab you just take an acromate you do not need to touch a tubeless lens you just take such a regular acromater and you can just choose actually very cheap lens objectives for like 50€ and you get really good resolutions just an acromate that's an objective which is corrected that you do not have a chromatic aperture like this funny things in shifts and wavelengths that you get the rainbow or something in a picture but I've actually never thought about that's a good idea, cool thank you