 Neuroinflammation is a complex process that can both benefit and harm individuals recovering from a traumatic brain injury, TBI. It can lead to numerous downstream consequences, including chronic pain, mood disorders, and cognitive impairments. Recently, research has shown that neuroinflammation can also worsen outcomes in trauma victims, as well as exacerbate the negative effects of sleep disturbance. Furthermore, there is a bi-direction relationship between neuroinflammation and sleep, whereby neuroinflammation affects sleep regulation and vice versa. This review aims to clarify the role of neuroinflammation in the relationship between sleep and TBI, focusing on its impact on long-term outcomes such as pain, mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Management strategies and novel treatments targeting sleep and neuroinflammation are discussed in order to develop an effective approach to mitigating long-term outcomes after TBI. This article was authored by Alberto Herrero-Babaloni, Andrean Burrill, Camille Charleboisplant, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.