 Hello everyone. Today we'll be discussing about cloud architecture for Internet of Things. So here are the learning outcomes. By the end of this session students will be able to define the cloud architecture for Internet of Things. At the same time they're going to keep in mind like what are the underlying hardware and software issues. So that's all what we are going to discuss. So here is the outline. I'll be introducing you first with the definitions of IoT and later I'll be taking you through the architecture and what are the major architectural rules and standards that are followed in today's market. And then I'm going to end this session by taking you through the benefits of IoT. So to begin with let's talk about the definition of IoT like what could be an Internet of Things. So here as you can see we have an image that I have picked up from Wikipedia. It is showing that we have so as you can see here we have an image that I have picked up from Wikipedia. So it shows a small world where there are a couple of devices connected through Internet or maybe a different means of communication. So here as you can see there are certain users here as here we have a small user who is trying to track his fitness. Maybe it is connected through a fitness band and through his cell phone and connected to the Internet. Likely we also have a small door lock which you can consider being connected through the Bluetooth. Maybe some smart device like a cell phone or some home automation system which is in turn again connected to Internet. So whichever application you actually consider like it could be a complete home automation system as you are able to see in the diagram or it would be a complete Internet based system all together. So what I mean to say here is so as per the definition of Internet of Things is concerned the Internet of Things is the network of devices vehicles home appliances that contain electronics software actuators and connectivity which allows these things to connect interact and exchange data. So if you look clearly at this definition you will easily identify that the major things that we need to focus on is it involves electronics and of course whenever you have an electronic system it has to be imparted along with some sort of software or sometimes which we refer as a firmware. So what the software does is software is going to instruct this particular electronic chip or it would be a controller or microprocessor or whatever. So the major things here we need to focus is we have an electronic system we also have a software and then as an outcome we need to see some action being performed by the actuators. So in this definition I am focusing on these three things. So what happens is we are going to select certain some electronic system in which we are going to write some sort of software as you can see here and this electronic chip which has an inbuilt software which is going to actually build or impart the intelligence into this embedded system is going to make some actions being taken across the output. So it would be like turning on a light bulb or turning off a light bulb or turning on your air conditioning unit based on the temperature it could be anything like this. So to begin with the definition if you are able to see on the screen I have focused a small diagram which says wireless sensor network. The reason why we need to discuss about wireless sensor network here is that inside this particular oval as we are able to see we have a couple of sensors so each and every node or the circle which you are able to see inside this oval is nothing but it is representing a small sensor. Now if you focus on this black dot this target node is connected to this one the third sensor again and third sensor intern is connected to the fourth sensor. I mean the red line which I have just now directed is also showing you the flow of the data how it is actually being translated from the target sensor to the internet. So here is where we have the internet I am trying to force the data that is being sensed by this target node here through all these three remaining nodes and then that goes to the triangle. So this triangle is simply representing a sort of sync node or sometimes we call it as a gateway. So let us call this a gateway. So the sensor from the first one which is trying to sense maybe let us say we are trying to sense the temperature. So the target node sensor is actually trying to sense the temperature then it is passing on the data to the upcoming nodes because there is no direct communication from the target sensor to the gateway and the gateway is going to take care of sending the data to the internet. So when we properly talk about the internet of things I mean when we are trying to simply understand what the IoT is and what kind of architecture it might be having unlike your wireless sensor networks what would be the basic difference between IoT and wireless sensor networks then only one thing comes to our mind that is this complete architecture can be distributed into three or four sections. So the first section is the user layer as you can see here which which sometimes we call as the edge computing node or the node level kind of computation. The second level is the gateway. So from this point to this point we say that the gateway or controllers are going to take care I mean these are the secondary devices in our IoT layer whereas the third layer this complete layer is going to be relying on your internet so-called so I'll be demonstrating it with an E as you can see the first is user layer or the node layer. So here as you can see you have a couple of IoT users then in the second layer you have physical entity like it would be a sensor for example let us say that I'm measuring the temperature of this particular room I have a sensor in my hand and I am the user so I am actually residing in this user layer later on I have the sensor which comes in the gateway section so there are two possibilities either my sensor can directly sense the data and it is going to send it to a device maybe like a smartphone where my sensed data is being transferred to this particular cell phone through bluetooth then the data that I'm receiving in my smartphone is being transferred either directly to the internet so this is possible way number one whereas the second possibility is transfer the data to the gateway and gateway is going to take care of sending the data to the internet section so these are the two possible ways and also as you can see here sometimes we prefer to use this peer cloud what do you mean by peer cloud peer cloud is nothing but for example if I'm having a sensor as I said and if I have a smartphone along with smartphone if I if I prefer to actually maintain my own local catalog or registry of maintaining all the logs of my of past year or maybe past 100 readings so in such a situation I'm going to actually maintain my own database server in my room so that the sensor is going to communicate the data to my cell phone and cell phone is going to communicate the data or pass it pass my data to my own server so what happens here is I'm maintaining my own cloud and my cloud will be copied down on the internet server so sometimes we have some backup copies like maybe google drive or google sync by means of which the local maintained copy in cases where I don't have any maybe connectivity with the internet then this data can be completely stored without any any sort of losing of the data on my local server and whenever I get access to the internet I'm going to directly take that data and get it synced over my cloud so this is all how the things work till the gateway layer whereas if you focus on the third layer you can easily see that there is some sort of authentication being done so this part is actually about authentication so generally what happens on the cloud is it's not possible that any random person is coming to my place and he's trying he's putting his sensors into my room and he's saying that I want to sense the data and I want to send it to my cloud so unlike a random approach what we can prefer is I'm going to put some sort of authentication like whenever user comes to me and he says that I have so and so sensor and I want to I want my sensor to be sensing some data and sending it to my cloud then no problem as long as he's putting the sensors for sensing I don't have any problem but whenever he's trying to put that the same data on to the cloud some authentication is completely required the main reason is if every person is trying to sense the data and pump it on to the internet or maybe to the cloud server then probably it is going to be choked up in a very less amount of time based on this particular architecture that we have seen in the previous slide we can simply write down a small equation for IoT which says that internet of things is nothing but it is a composition of physical objects along with some sort of control lower sensors and actuators which are going to either decide when I need to connect to internet what data is to be smoothed out when I need to send it to the internet plus some sort of internet so this concludes that the internet is nothing but it's a composition of these three core things where we have some sort of physical objects like sensors and we add some sort of intelligence by putting or embedding those sensors with some sort of controllers where in which we write the firmware and the decisions to be made by the actuators and ultimately of course we need this internet and these are the primary benefits of IoT. IoT if you implement in your organization or maybe in your system it is going to definitely improve the business opportunities like reaching the world very easily some sort of home automation the processes are going to be more efficient all your assets which were at some sort of time being managed by some human resource now that can be automated because of which you can say that the assets are also enhanced in terms of its utilization and of course you can improve the safety and security by adding few features like home automation and other stuff in your home security system it is also going to increase the productivity and also cost saving so that's all about the benefits of IoT we will discuss about how to use API in the next lecture and these are the references that I have used thank you