 فشرف بالاشتغالي بالعلم ولا تبغي به ما عشت يا دادا دالا وياله من شراف عظيم فصل وأسور الفرق طرقه على سبيل الإجمال وكيفية الاستدلال بها ومعنى قوله وكيفية الاستدلال بها ترتيب الأدلة في التقديم والتأخير أو ما يتبع ذلك من عكام المشتهدين فصل وأبواب أسور الفقئة أقسام الكلام والأمر والنهي والعام والخاص ويذكر فيه المطلق والمقيد والمجمل والمبين والمبين والظاهر والمؤول والأقوال والمؤول والأقوال والأفعل والناسخ والمنسوخ والتعارب والإجماع والأخضار والقياس والحضر والإباحة واستسحاب الحال وترتيب الأدلة وصفة المفتي والمستفتي وحكام المشتهدين the author رحمه الله he finished defining أصول الفق باعتبال مفردي he defined أصول الفق أصول أنفق he finished that now he followed it up with defining أصول الفق تجذا بسبب هو والمفرد المضافه انت ركبة مع غيره حتى اتام ملاقبة فحده يكون بالإفراد لكل واحد لدى النقادي ثم يعاد ثانيا مراكبة إذ لقبة لديه موت ركبة so now he is going back to defining أصول الفق باعتبار كونه لقبة لجملة من مسائل العلم he is now going back to أصول الفق تجذا what does أصول الفق mean تجذا you know what أصول means what was أصول في اللغة أساس الشيء أنهيسل وهو يبنى عليه غيره فتو يسد قاعدة المستمرة فى الفق ودل ويسايد الفق في اللغة إمين زوات الفهموا اللغة الفق من زلوغة ودزمين ومالي هؤلاء القوم لا يكادون يفقه أي يفهمون من بي الله يموسى سيد رب الشرح اللي صدري ويسد لي أمر وحل العقدة من لساني يفقه قولي أي يفهموا قولي فى الفق فى فهم اللغة فى الصلاحة ودل إمين معرفة الحكامة الشرعية المختسبة من أدلةها التفصيرية that's the correct definition that we would choose for but the author said معرفة الحكامة الشرعية التي طريقها الاجتهاد right that's what he said now we've finished أصول وفق now we're going into أصول الفق تجذا what does it both mean he says طرقه على سبيل الإجمال وكيف فيه ياترس تدلالي بها so two things is what صول الفق is somebody asked you what is صول الفق the author يجمع بين الأمرين في تعليفه in his definition he brought two things first one is طرقه the hat goes back to فق so أصول الفق his path is قواعد principles أصول الفق is قواعد على سبيل الإجمال means قواعد principles أصول الفق doesn't talk about sub branches and whatnot it gives you comprehensive principles this is the difference between فق and أصول الفق فق is what not أدلة إجمالية it's not طريقه على سبيل الإجمال is not فق is what فق is what على سبيل تفصيل فق is sub branches I'll give you an example الله سبحانه و سبحانه و تعالى العلمة they say الأمر تقطض الوجوب الأمر تقطض الوجوب the scholars they say that the command shows obligation the command what does it show it shows obligation is it general yes it's إجمالي it's comprehensive why is it comprehensive because I can use it for any other I can use it for I can use it for I can use it for any other I can use it I can use it it's not specific to a particular chapter it's general it enters any any I can use this because that's what it is صول فق فق on the other hand فق on the other hand when you talk about الوضوء شرط الصلاة وضوء is the شرط الصلاة is this إجمالي can you enter can you enter any other chapter other than صلاة can it brothers I'm asking a question can it no we don't this is تفصيل it's specific you're talking about شرط الصلاة it's specific it's only specific to صلاة are you with me استقبال القبلة is a condition for the prayer قراء صورة الفاتحة is رقل من أركانيص صلاة it's a pillar from the pillars of the صلاة this is تفصيل you're now going into details are you with me brothers but أصول الفق is the قواعي principles where many chapters of and you take it back to are you with me that's why أصول الفق to have it saves more time than studying فق because now when I know الأمر تقتل الوجوب the prophet commands something it shows obligation every time a command comes by default I know it's obligatory whether I find it in باب الجينيات قصاص I find it in كتاب النكاح wherever I find a command I have this with me is it a command did the prophet command it so obligatory then does that make sense ردارك the people who study فق don't study أصول الفق they suffer the reason is because studying so many sub branches you get tired and time doesn't allow it you won't live for too long to study every for all does that make sense whereas when you study the قواعد الأصولية when you study أصول الفق 20 issues that you may not even see in your life just by studying this قاعدة whenever you see like oh it's first time I see it but all I know is الأمر تخطط في جب does that make sense also like in تستدي قواعد فقية you also need to know فروع because the قاعدة that you have you need an example for it and what about if you don't even understand an example it's a problem so they need each other a فقي requires an أصولي and an أصولي requires a فقي they need each other just by knowing أصول الفق doesn't mean you're a فقي and just because you're a فقي doesn't mean you're an أصولي it makes sense they all need each other this is the underlining difference here with me so the first point that Sheik mentioned in his definition is ترقه على سبيل الإجمال the second point that he mentioned is وكيفية ترستد لالي بها the second thing is how to benefit from the evidences it talks about general principles now one the second thing is how can I benefit from these evidences this in summary is called دلالات الألفاض we already mentioned it دلالات الألفاض we mentioned الأمر والنهي والمطلق والمقيد والمجمل والمبيان والنص والظاهر are you with me brothers what do you call it النسخ even the ترجيح even the تعرض and the ترجيح all of these are كيفية ترستد لالي بها this is the deal how do I benefit from it this deal shows I'm general this is specific this is specific okay the I'm and the specific if they are opposing each other how do I reconcile between the two I take the khas over the I'm these are this how I benefit from evidences this deal is how do I extract the ruling from it remember when we were studying تراثة الأصول this is what I kept bringing home to you guys having the deal how do I extract the evidence from the deal that's called كيفية ترستد لالي بها the author left a another point that many scholars add onto it another point that they add to it when they define it which is called some scholars call it وحالو المستفيد what does it mean حالو المستدل this is the issue of the Mufti the Mustafti the short of the Mufti the conditions that the Mufti has to come with who is a Mufti who can give fatwa who is a Muqallit who is a blind follower and etc and the different types of each مجتهدين that there are مجتهد مطلاق and a restricted مجتهد a restricted مجتهد restricted to a madhab and etc this is called حالو المستدل the one who can benefit from the text who is the one who can benefit from the text are you with me brothers three things is the definition that the scholars mention for أصول الفق what is it عدلة الاجمالية وكيفية ترستفادة منها وحالو المستفيد the first one is comprehensive and general principles second thing is how to benefit from the textual evidences and the third which is the last one the one who has the right to go to the textual evidences and extract the ruling from it is everyone allowed to go to the textual evidences directly extract the ruling from it is everyone allowed no because a Muqallit exists are you with me and there is a مجتهد now everybody can go قال الله و تعالى look everyone can say لرصول الله صح this is it has a حالو المستدل the situation of the person using the evidence is important so this is called قواعد الفقية with these three conditions the scholars they call this قواعد وصول الفق they call it they call this وصول الفق the last two that were mentioned the last two that I mentioned how many points that I mentioned وصول الفق three right the last two go with the last two how to benefit from the evidences the third one is what and who can benefit from it the situation of the one who wants to benefit from it those two those two are really not the definition of وصول الفق in and within itself they are what is taught and studied in وصول الفق does that make sense are you with me the مفتي and the مستفتي and the شروط and how to benefit from the textual evidences these two are not the definition of وصول الفق really the definition of وصول الفق is قواعد الإجمالية that's the reality of وصول الفق if a person just says وصول الفق what is it قواعد إجمالية he gave you the definition of وصول الفق should we expand on it even more this is the correct definition of وصول الفق it is القواعد it is القواعد التي يعرفوا بها الحكم الشرعي طلبي it is القواعد in its principles in which through it through those principles التي يعرفوا بها the person who come to know الحكم الشرعي the juris buddha rulings الطلبي you when we say الطلبي what we get rid of الخبري we know what خبري تنتهي خبري is about nothing to do with وصول الفق it's about the requested ones طلبي the requested ones الاجتهادي you the reason why we're adding اجتهاد here is because we said that the فقا ه they see each تهاد is not a condition here alone they believe it's which تهاد or none of the اجتهاد no problem اجتهاد what does it mean brothers ما معنى الاجتهاد what's the difference between اجتهاد اختلاف who knows what's the difference between اجتهاد اختلاف اختهاد is when both of them have an evidence so اجتهاد means اجتهاد means both parties are using evidences this is what اجتهاد means اختلاف means one is using evidence and the other one has no evidence are you with me اختلاف means our party doesn't have evidence for what he's saying or he hasn't come across this evidence or he did a قياس and analogy because he thought there was no evidence for this and a pop came a hadith that was found after that already stated a ruling opposite to his analogy are you with me are you all with me brothers a scholar comes today he gives a ruling about it he says this is the حكم based on his analogy قياس he gives a قياس and then what happens is years later he passes away the scholars come out and they find a hadith in this particular matter no one knew this hadith at that time somebody came across a hadith and narrated a authentic hadith are you with me brothers what do we do to the قياس that was there this قياس was an opinion قياس is a ادلة فرعية it's a sub branch this individual has brought an ادلة اصلية he brought a sunnah are you with me the قاعدة is what إذا جاء نهر الله إذا جاء نهر الله بابا لنهر ميعقل the قاعدة is if the river of Allah comes no one wants the river of ميعقل anymore ميعقل was a guy who used to take money from people he had a little stream or a little well he used to charge the people he said people people give me money and you can have the water so he used to charge them so people used to buy the water from him and guess what one day Allah means rain and a river starts flowing are people going to go pay money to ميعقل and give him money are they because Allah's river came that's what قياس is قياس is used when there's no water when the نهر of Allah comes we say ميعقل respect to you admiration we got free water now صح so the قاعدة is لجتهادة بمورد النص لجتهادة بمورد لا اتشتهادة بمورد النص there is no each tihad when there is a nas no one is allowed to strive and bring a ruling out if there is a delil does that make sense that the delil takes presidents over anybody's statement that's what each tihad means then we say after defining what أصول الفق means he mentions to us the chapters of this book what is he going to mention are you with me brothers what are we going to study and what are we going to go through he mentions أقسام الكلامي أمر نهي عام خاص مجمل مبين ظاهر أفعال ناسخ منصوح اجماع على خباد احكام المجتهدين the different the copies are different so the author he's going to mention them so there's no need for me to mention each one what it means because there are chapters that are going to come the order that he's going to do is the order he mentioned already أقسام الكلامي these are now we've now taken so far what brothers what have we taken so far we took أصول الفق أصول الفق that's all we did that's all we did now are you with me brothers now going into أصول الفق chapters I already broke it down for you every Dalala that I mentioned you look for where it's in now so he's going to mention some أدلة أدلة أصلية أدلة فرغية he's going to bring them he's going to talk about that and he's going to talk about دلالات and he's also going to be talking about ترتيب الأدلة which is the issue of what التعارب والترجيح we're going to go into that and now we're going to start the first one is yeah yeah we're going to do a quiz now so now we're going to start the chapter of الكلام speech because أصول الفق deals with what قرآن سنة that's where it's taken from right and the قرآن سنة our speech so how do we deal with the speech we're going to now go into into that before we do the quiz the quiz okay we had a long break some people forgot what was happening that's what I wanted what's without any looking oh no look what's the different what's the different if you tell me in Arabic it's good if you if you define it in Arabic that would be two questions in one sorry three questions in one if you don't then there's two more questions left for you you see Arabic how powerful it is it's powerful it has to be treated different from English okay what's the definition of أصول الفق هيا هيا the full version we want the full version اللذي طريقه ها ها full version we want the full full tact we want the definition we gave ايه فضل القواعد الاجمالية اللتي يعرفوا بها حكم or I said حكم lastly before right now okay下去 it's not a problem بر تبارى افريدي فأهلو في البقاء والحكام الشرقية突wow الاجتهادي okay let's go into this other next chapter نحن الثلاثة ليت الشباب وعرب نحو على تنزل عندنا وقسم نحب الله لأفعلن كذب ومن وجه آخر ينقسم إلى حقيقة والمجاز فالحقيقة ما بقي على موضوع فصل الأمر استدعى الفعل بالقول من من هو دونه على سبيل المجول وصيغته أفعل نحب أضرب وهي أفعل نحب أضرب وهي عند للطاق وتجر عن القرينة نعم ، you jumped a lot right? نعم you jumped a page نعم نعم نعم ومن وجن الآخب ينقسم إلى حقيقة ومجاز فالحقيقة ما بقي على موضوعه وقيم مستعمل فيه مستره عليه من المحاطبة والمجاز ما تجوز ما تجوزه عن به عن موهوعه والحقيقة إما أن يكون لغوية وإما شرعية وإما عرفية والمجاز إما أن يكون بزيادة أو نقصان أو نقل أو استعارة فالمجاز بالزيادة كقوله تعالى ليس كمثله شيء والمجاز بالنقصان كقوله تعالى وسأل القرية أي أهل القرية والمجاز بالنظر كالغاية يستعمل فيما يخرج من الإنسان فيما يخرج من الإنسان والمجاز بالاستعارة تقوله تعالى جدارا يريد وأن قبضا فأقامه الآن يبدأ صول الفخضة ويبدأ مع أقسام الكلام بسبب أنه يبدأ مع كلام من قبل أن أحكم الشرعية نشر على ما على كلام الله وكلام رسوله صلى الله عليه وسلم وإذا كنت ترأى الله ومثل صلى الله عليه وسلم ومثلان أرى شرعة العربية لأننا نعرف أن الشريعة عربية الشريعة هي العربية كما قرره الإمام الشاطبي ورحمه الله في كتاب الموافقات كما إمام الشاطبي يكتب في كتاب الموافقات هذا هو العربية فالأخي who wants to understand this religion has to know the Arabic language and understand what it is and the person my beloved brothers and sisters who doesn't know the Arabic language تمنع عليه كثير من المعرف الشريعة والله you are going to be deprived والله you are going to lose out of and lose understanding a lot of the Islamic religion the Islamic knowledge however much books are translated in the English language it's going to be nothing it's going to be nothing and you won't truly understand it unless you unless you learn the Arabic language ولذلك أبو محمد إبن حزم he said a very powerful statement he said كيف يؤمنوا على الشريعة how can he believe in this sharia من لا يؤمنوا على الإسان العربي the one who doesn't believe in the Arabic language very powerful statement the one who believes in this sharia how can one believe in this sharia كيف يؤمنوا على الشريعة من لا يؤمنوا على الإسان العربي على الإسان العربي how can one believe in the sharia who doesn't believe in the Arabic language ولذلك the scholars لا يجوزوا له الإفتاء is not permissible to do a fatwa and extract ruling from the Quran and the Sunnah the one who doesn't know the Arabic language rather لا يعد من أهل الفق the person is not considered from the people of Fiqh if he doesn't know the Arabic language the word of Imam Abu Muhammad is true because this sharia is Arabic how can you believe in this religion and take it serious if you don't even know its language because the iman of something is it comes from knowing what you're believing in so a person should give time to learning the Arabic language the author categorized the speech into three he looked at it in three different ways pay attention to this first type he categorized it تقسيم الكلام باعتبار ما يترتب منه اما ما يتركب منه اعتبار الكيك تقسيم الكلام dividing the speech باعتبار ما يتركب منه categorizing the speech in terms of what it's compounded of are you with me brothers in terms of what it's compounded of the speech when you look at the speech of the Arabs it's what we would say نحو وقل ما يتألف منه الكلام وقل ما يتألف منه الكلام and as you know brothers ancestors the Arabs their speech is in three things اسم فعيل وحرف it's a noun it's a verb and it's a particle تسم ف Pear it said it's a word it's a book it's a biography and it's a symbol so we're doing it it's a word itetz it's a bard كلامهم ايهم عشر النحات The Grammarians You see how Ibn Malik he said كلامنا he didn't say الكلامو If we bought the Ali Fallam The Ali Fallam would have taken the job of the Naa Does it make sense? Because this moon is It takes the place of the Al The Al is The Grammarians The ones you know كلامنا ينحن النحات According to our speeches what كلامنا لفظن مفيدن كسمة مفيدن كستقن واسمون واسمون اسم واسمون وفعلون ثم حرفون ثم حرفون الكلام So these are the three that the speech consists of Okay, you with me brothers نعم Now what's the minimum That an Arab speak Speech can be What's the minimum أقل ما يترطب منه That's what we're going to speak about When we come to this one The first categorization The second type of categorization Of the speech is We're looking at speech from different angles صح If you look at me today You can look at me from many different angles You can look at one time You can look at me from the angle of my height That's one way of looking at me You can look at me from the angle of my complexion You can look at me from the angle of my size and my weight There's many ways of looking at a person Speech when we look at it from many different angles So one time they're looking at it from the angle of How the structure and how it's compounded Are you with me It's also been now looked at From the other angle is تقسيم الكلام باعتبار مدلوله بمعنى بمدلوله Speech what it shows The meaning in which it gives us مدلوله means The meaning in which it is indicated for us The third categorization That the author here brings is تقسيم الكلام He categorized in speech باعتبار استعماله Categorizing speech In terms of its usage How the speech is used Those are the three categorization That the author is going to mention here When he says اقسام الكلام اقسام الكلام How many did he divide it into speech He divided it into three The first one was اقتقسيم الكلام باعتبار ما يتركب منه The second one was تقسيم الكلام باعتبار مدلوله The third one was استعماله Each one is going to come types under it Don't worry Let's go back to the first one now Which is Categorizing speech In what باعتبار ما يتركب منه How it consists of The author mentions رحمه الله تعالى He says اقل ما يتركب منه الكلام اسمان او اسم وفعل او اسم وفحرف او فعل وحرف He mentioned four The minimum The Arab speech consists of Four he mentions The first one is Two nouns اسمان كلام مركب من اسمان A speech that consists of What? Two nouns That's the first Or the second one The second one is كلام a speech مركب that is compounded of من فعل واسم A verb And a noun A verb And a noun Are you with me brothers? The third one is كلام a speech مركب that is compounded of حرف واسم A particle And a noun The fourth one is كلام مركب من حرف وفعل It's compounded of A particle and a verb These are the four types In which the author mentions For what the Arab speech consists of The first two he's right Which is two nouns Example for that is ادين النصيحة ادين النصيحة is to اسمان ادين is a noun نصيحان is a noun اقل ما يتركب من كلام Two nouns is the minimum Speech a person can say Can it be two nouns? نعم The first one is taken The second one which is It consists of It's compounded of what A verb and a noun Such as جاء الحق The truth came جاء فعل ماضي مبنين عالفة محلل من العرابي الحق اسم جاء مرفوع وعلامة ورفع ضمطن ضاهرة علىاخره صح That's how it is brothers Okay جاء الحق فعل واسم صحيح Take as well That's أقل ما يتركب من كلام The next two that the author brought Which is حرف واسم Example would be يا رب يا رب يا إذا حرفوا ندى رب is a noun That's it He's got it He's saying My reason why I'm saying حرفون واسم Are you with me brothers? But that's wrong That is incorrect The reason is because The word يا It's actually Not what's there When the Arabs say يا رب The word يا is a عيوض It's taking the place of أنادي ربي I am calling out to my lord أنادي Are you with me brothers? It's taking the place of فعل واسم So it takes us back to the second one صح The next one is The next one is حرف واسم This is also incorrect Such as example is He didn't stand Are you with me? ماقامة is not two It's three Because you were talking about And I then said ماقامة He didn't stand What do I mean? ماقامة زيتون Are you with me? Because you can't just Come to somebody and say ماقامة Can you? It won't be كلام Which is مفيد He didn't stand You can't just say that It comes after You were both talking about somebody So that person's name Is in the sentence Even though it's not been mentioned صح Is مقدر Are you with me brothers? So what the scholars say Is the last two that he mentioned They all enter the first two It's only the minimum An Arab speech can be Is either two nouns Or a verb and a noun فقط This view that the author has Is a madhab that some people have Is a madhab Is a madhab من المداهب Who believe that يا رب Is a what حرف واسم And ماقامة Is حرف واسم And that is أقل ما يتركب منه الكلام This goal goes against The goal of the جهور النحات The majority of the grammarians And the كوفيون They blast this belief He's taking the opinion of the who The بصر يون Are we all together on that? Shall we now move on To the second type of categorization of speech? The second type of categorization Of speech is أقسام الكلام بعتباري What? يا براي بعتباري مدلوله In terms of what meaning does it give to us Right? Are we all together brothers? How many types did the author mention here? He mentions أمر ونهي وخبار وستخبار He mentions those right? تمن وعرض وقسم All of that he mentions there That is what he mentioned Let's explain each one And let's then summarize it all All of that which he said How many types did he mention? أمر ونهي خبار استخبار تمن وعرض How many did he mention? He mentioned seven right? All seven of those go back to two We should make it easy right? All seven of those just go back to two things It's either خبار أو إنشاء خبار إنشاء آ It's a professionalism Don't worry I've been doing this for a while I'm tired brothers I have to have energy drink Yeah? Do you want me to cancel the class? I have an energy drink Energy drink right? It goes back to two things Are you with me brothers? The first is الخبار It goes back to خبار أو إنشاء What does خبار mean? Or what does إنشاء mean? خبار means قول It's a speech يلزمه صدق أو الكديب This is the تعليف المخطار This is the chosen definition that we're going to give it That the خبار is قول A speech يلزمه صدق أو الكديب إذا It being truthful أو it being a lie is present It has to take one of the two Are you with me brothers? It's any speech Anything a person says Which you can say to him كديب Or you can say صدق This is called خبار If I can't say it أخي كالي Can you say to me بلأ شكتي Can you say you lied? Can you say that to me? No, because it's not خبار خبار is قول يلزمه صدق أو الكديب إن شاء the other hand is what? No, no, we left that definition The reason why we left it is because Those who say When I said ما يلزمه If I had said لكن ما يحتمل If I used the word إحتمال Then I would have to bring Are you with me brothers? إن ده تحقيق The strongest definition is this You know why? Because according to a definition It has to be summarized أصلم Those who say محتمل الصدق أو الكديب لذاته This تعريف is ضعيف سقين The reason why they brought لذاته is because They want to take Allah's speech out of it