 Yes, I do belong to quite a lot of research groups. The one primarily is the Environmental Chemical Pollution and Health Research Unit. And a lot of the work I'll present now is work that we do in that specific unit itself. There's a lot of work in the Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, and a lot of the work is really around finding, it's sort of spread into three different parts. One about the finding a vaccine to some of our groups are doing those types of work. The other ones are in the environment itself, looking for drivers, mosquito populations. And then the other group that I belong to looks at what are the negative effects of some of these chemicals we are using. And then recently, we launched a Center for Environmental Justice in Africa at the University. So that's based in public health law. And the intention is to create this space where we could do some of these types of research around what is justice. Justice is quite broadly defined. So that's not the focus of what I'm talking about now, that is sort of how all of this work ties together. So as a background, I come from a physiology background, human physiology, but then moved on to looking at the environmental health in particular. So what I'll talk about, I'll talk about the broad definition of environmental health. What does that mean? What does it mean from a public health perspective? I'll give two examples. And yesterday, we had a lot about the environmental interactions as well as the social interactions. So I'll share with you the two projects that we are doing, one in a rural area. And I'm glad the first speaker really talked about, as well as great as it is to do it in rural areas. We also do have some other issues in cities. And like you mentioned yesterday, the question about water. I'll talk about water. That's primarily where we do some of our work in. What are the public health environmental roles? I thought about aligning SDGs to One Health and how they fit in in order to identify who are the stakeholders and role players are. And in the end, I'll sort of end with a few challenges and opportunities that I thought would enhance discussion. So we've heard a lot about environmental health. And there was a definition that was given yesterday. But really, the WTO defines it. And there's the definition. And it's quite narrow. It's not really an all-inclusive definition at all. So if we think in terms of public health, and I've sort of expanded it to do what we are doing, and I think this is an important aspect, as well as it's important that it's the natural as well as the built environment. And I'll give one example of natural, one example of built environment. But it's really these interactions between people and their environments and how that promotes human health, animal health, and well-being. And really environmental for me encompasses this assessment and this control of all of these environmental factors. I'll talk a lot about environmental determinants of health as well as socially determinants of health and how this obviously leads to diseases. So one of the first projects, and this is one that we're almost nearing completion. But when we started thinking about it, is what are these, and we trained around climate change, what are these environmental and social determinants of health in developing this climate resilience strategy in terms of the community? So this, Erin, the point doesn't work. So this area that we're working in is right close to the Zimbabwean border, Zimbabwean peak, and the red dots are where our study sites are. And ideally what we try to identify is, one, what are some of the environmental determinants of health that people either self-identify and what we can then obviously also look at, and as well as what are some of the social dynamics within the community? Because most of these communities, the Kruger Park is, so there where you have the study sites, Benimetale, the Kruger Park gate is literally about 50 kilometers away from there. So it's really quite close to there. It is fenced off, so there's no interaction with wildlife. But what we do, so I broke this up into the three studies that we're doing. So from a environmental monitoring point of view, we looked at some of the water samples within along the river itself. So what we know is that both humans use the water as well as the cattle themselves to also, they drink the water too. So what we looked at was looking at any activity in the water to identify what are some of the, can it be, have an effect. We screened for some of the pharmaceuticals and tried to quantify them and also had a look at viruses. So I'll just share briefly just two slides of the results, and this is by no means an exhaustive list. But the idea behind this was if we know what contaminants are within the water sources, it makes it easier to now go back to the community to understand what are the practices around these, whether it is both for personal use, for the animals that we pick up any of these. On the next slide, there's herbicides, is all they picked up in some of the sites. So what are people using for subsistence farming as well as for the animals they're using? If that lands up in the environment, both humans are accessing the water as well as the animals accessing the water too. So that creates a bit of a problem there. And how do we then address that? So I have two PhDs, one focusing on environmental determinants of health, one on the social determinants of health in the same area, and we're building on what we found in the environment itself. So the first, and this is a little bit small, I apologize. So the first, the quantitative component really is to understand what has been published before, going in actually finding out what are some of these practices, and this is specifically around temperature now, and then measure the indoor temperature, but then looking at how people would adapt to this environment itself. And the reason behind that is most of the water source people are using for either for heating, for cooling, if water is contaminated, you're actually bringing that from the environment back into the home and feeding your animals too. So that interaction is there, but understanding how that works. From the social side, we also need to understand what are the, in terms of the resilience, what is the resilience of the community, but also understand what are these determinants of health in relation to climate change, and about health literacy. So what is the level of health literacy, because very often we have these educational awareness campaigns, but they're often pitched at a level that is not really at what the community needs. So if you can make an assessment on what the health literacy needs and gaps are, it makes it easier to identify that. And then link that to the key behavior, so how do people behave around there, and then to look at this integrative community resilience framework. So this is rural. So I thought, okay, but we've done it in there, but let's look closer to Pretoria, where we also have challenges not exactly the same, but we can also have a look at this. So what I did, I partnered with the architecture department, we had an engineer coming on board as well. So I'm from Environmental Health, I was a social determinants of health expert also joining, and really we want to look at what this interaction within the city. Looking at these living spaces, environmental pollution, disease dynamics, not all of the individuals had dogs or cats or animals, few had, so we were lacking on the animal health side, but this is sort of a starting point. So what we did is, and so these are all four of our respective fields, but really to map the study area, the engineer developed sensors for us to look at the temperature inside, outside. We had many of the CAP surveys to understand the environment, to understand the interaction with the animals, if they were animals, to understand environmental pollution, as well as what some of the other CAPs are. Look at the health, look at the community, measure the toxicants in the water, and have this idea of understanding what thermal comfort is, and then look at this dissemination plan. So we published this in January of this year, and talking about the first presenter about how do we look at this built environment, public health, interaction, and in this context we have. And if you look at the diagram, which is right at the top, that's environmental health, and how it filters through environmental social determinants of health, you have all the different precaution principles, and what we really discussed in this particular paper is how all of these link together, what are the roles and responsibilities of public health, environmental health, social determinants, your engineers, you're coming in with all these great tools that we can use, and really in order to address some of these issues that we have, we can monitor things, but we actually need to do something about it. So moving on to phase two, and here we within the community themselves, and they're actually in the fields this week, so unfortunately can't be there, but with the architecture department, we partnered together and within these communities, and you'll see here we all are discussing with the communities, looking at different questionnaires, actually having our community meetings to share some of the results and saying, but we are finding this in the community. How can we co-create some of these interventions? What would work, what would not work? What is sustainable short-term? What is sustainable long-term? Is it needs? Is it education? Is it gaps, is it skills? What exactly can that be? So the idea is to have this community action plan, and this year, and in this next couple of weeks really, is to really talk about all of this, to see how we can integrate our findings as well as recommendations, and have these in the accountable social organizations. So majority of the youth groups in the area have come on board. You've been saying they'd like to learn some of these skills, so how can we impart some of this very low-level technology that can be used in the communities, as well as look at other ways we can collect more of this information, but really take that back to the community that they can take that up, and we've partnered with local municipality. Once we have done all of this to actually look at how we can improve some of the services that the community would actually need. So when I thought of, and we heard the first speaker speak about, one health is a definition, where does public health really fit in, environmental health fit in, in all of this? So thinking of all of that, these are just some ideas, not all of the ideas, and reflecting back on the work that we have done around anti-racial resistance, climate change, pollution, pollution control, all of these, these all tie in, and they all do fit in. So if you look at the definition that was presented really about, it's this balance between these two and how to optimize the health of animals, people, and the ecosystem itself. But again, I like that it comes back that it is more of, it's this wider environment. You often don't think of it in terms of a wider environment. So then I thought, okay, and this was already presented before, and I thought about who are these stakeholders and the role-players. We've now worked with quite a lot of people as far as monitoring is concerned, a lot of people that as far as the environment or the social side is concerned. So then I thought, okay, let's look at the symptoms of the STG. So I looked at all of these spheres that we called it, and you know we have ecotox, which most of my work was in environmental mates and one else really in the middle, but we think of stakeholders, we often forget that we have some of these targets already. There are some STGs already, but we don't really think of them in terms of putting them together. So you'll see public health is right here and human health at the bottom with all those STGs, but technically public health is actually involved in everything, as well as climate change. So in thinking in terms of who these role-players are, changing the narrative slightly and saying, but we're not reinventing anything, we just need to get the right people in the day at the same table that are actually doing all of these work and trying to get them to work together. So then I thought, okay, if these are the role-players, how do I pick out just a few and what are some of the recommendations? So these are really in terms of my suggestion really for one of the stakeholders we have. We know it's the government and they sort of have the influence that they have on internal organizations, academic institutions. We also play quite a big role in terms of funding because we are limited by the funding that we receive and the guidelines with the funding itself. If we don't have that, we really can't do all of the work. We're collaborative partners, the partnerships, the civil society, et cetera. I think we've talked a lot about that. So then to wrap it up, I sort of thought, okay, how do we then and one of the things was as far as environmental health is concerned, how do you really institutionalize this? So here are just a few ideas as I was thinking about them, putting them down and some already exist in some way or form, but they may not be as operational as it would like them to be. We do have some of the committees that work together but not as efficient as what they should be doing. So things around policy development legislation, things around institutional arrangements, whether it's this cross-sector environmental health committees, around capacity development. We've seen a lot on environmental health education and I presented another conference two weeks ago about how do we use some of these results we have and actually teach environmental health practitioners, for example, because they are the ones that are out into the field around community engagement, public awareness, and then lastly about international cooperation, monetary valuation and learning, because if you don't develop the indicators already there as far as it is concerned, but sometimes we need to take that together and we're in reporting and actually say we are making progress, yes or no. And just thank you very much. Thank you.