 Section 84 of London Labour and the London Poor Volume 2 by Henry Mayhew. This LibriVox recording is in the public domain. Recording by Gillian Henry. Of the emptying of the London cesspools by pump and hose. Having now ascertained the quantity of wet house refuse annually deposited in the cesspools of the metropolis, the next step is to show the means by which these 15 million cubic feet of cesspoolage are removed, and whence they are conveyed, as well as the condition of the labourers engaged in the business. There are two methods of removing the soil from the tanks. One by pump and hose, or the hydraulic method. Two by shovel and tube, or manual labour. The first of these is the new French mode, and the other the old English method of performing the work. The distinctive feature between the two is that in the one case the refuse is discharged by means of pipes into the sewers, and in the other that it is conveyed by means of carts to some distant nightyard. According to the French method therefore, the cesspoolage ultimately becomes sewage, the refuse being deposited in a cesspool for a greater or a less space of time, and finally discharged into the sewers, so that it is a kind of intermediate process between the cesspool system and the sewer system of defecating a town, being as it were a compound of the two. The great advantage of the sewer system as contradistinguished from the cesspool system of defecation is that it admits of the wet refuse being removed from the neighbourhood of the house as soon as it is produced, while the advantage of the cesspool system as contradistinguished from the sewer system is that it prevents the contamination of the river whence the town draws its principal supply of water. The cesspool system of defecation remedies the main evil of the sewer system, and the sewer system the main evil of the cesspool system. The French mode of emptying cesspools however appears to have the peculiar property of combining the ill effects of both systems without the advantages of either. The refuse of the house not only remains rotting and seething for months under the noses of the household, but it is ultimately, that is, after more than a year's decomposition, washed into the stream from which the inhabitants are supplied with water, and so returned to them diluted in the form of aquapoura for washing, cooking or drinking. The sole benefit accruing from the French mode of nightmanship is that it performs a noisome operation in a comparatively cleanly manner. But surely this is a small compensation for the evil's attendant upon it. The noses of those who prefer stagnant cesspools to rapid sewers cannot be so particularly sensitive that for the sake of avoiding the smell of the nightman's cart, they would rather that its contents should be discharged into the water that they use for household purposes. The hydraulic or pump and hose method of emptying the cesspools is now practised by the court of sewers, who introduced the process into London in the winter of 1847. The apparatus used in this country consists of a hydraulic pump, which is generally placed six or eight feet distant from but sometimes close to the cesspool, indeed on its edge. It is worked by two men just up and down, as one of the labourers described it to me, like a fire engine. A suction pipe with an iron nozzle is placed in the cesspool, into which is first introduced a deodorising fluid in the proportion as well as can be estimated of a pint to a square yard of matter, and diluted with water from the fire plugs. The pipes are of leather, the suction pipes being wrapped with spring iron wire at the joints. India rubber pipes were used and answered very tidy, one of the gangers told me, but they were too expensive, the material being soon worn out. They were only tried five or six months. The pipes now employed differ in no respect of size or appearance from the leather and fire engine pipes, and as the work is always done in the daytime and no smell arises from it, the neighbourhood is often alarmed and people begin to ask where the fire is. One outside man said, why, that's always asked. I've been asked, I, I dare say a hundred times in a day, where's the fire? Where's the fire? A cesspool by this process has been emptied into a sewer at 300 yards distant. The pipe is placed within the nearest gully hole, down which the matter is washed into the sewer. When the cesspool is emptied, it is well sluiced with water. The water is pumped into the sewer and then the work is complete. The pumping is occasionally very hard work, making the shoulders and back ache grievously. Indeed, some cesspools have been found so long neglected and so choked with rags and rubbish, that manual labour had to be resorted to, and the matter dug and tubbed out after the old mode of the nightmare. A square yard of cesspoolage is cleared out under ordinary circumstances in an hour, while an average duration of time for the cleansing of a regularly sized cesspool is from three to four hours. A pneumatic pump with an iron cart drawn by two horses, similar to the French invention, was tried as an experiment but discontinued in a fortnight. For the hydraulic method of emptying cesspools, a gang of four men under the direction of a ganger who makes a fifth is required. The division of labour is as follows. One, the pump men, who, as their name implies, work the engine or pumps. Two, the whole man, who goes into the cesspool and stirs up the matter, so as to make it as fluid as possible. Three, the outside man, whose business it is to attend to the pipe, which reaches from the cesspool, along the surface of the street or other place, to the gully hole. Four, the ganger, who is the superintendent of the hole and is only sometimes present at the operation. He is not unfrequently engaged, while one cesspool is being emptied, in making an examination or any necessary arrangement for the opening of another. He also gives notice, acting under the instruction of the clerk of the works, to the water company of the district, that the pumps will be at work in this or that place, and notice generally given a day in advance. And the water is supplied gratuitously from a street fireplug, and used at discretion. Some cesspool contents requiring three times more water than others to liquefy them sufficient for pumping. The cesspool pumping gangs are six in number, each consisting of five men, although the outside man is sometimes a strong youth of 17 or 18. The whole work is done by a contractor, who makes an agreement with the Court of Sewers, and finds a necessary apparatus, appointing his own labourers. All the present labourers, however, have been selected as trusty men from among the flushermen, the contractor concurring in the recommendation of the clerk of the works, or the inspector. The cesspool sewermen work in six districts, two divisions, east and west, of Westminster, and Holburn, Surrey and Kent, Tower Hamlets, now including Poplar, and the City. The districts vary in size, but there is usually a gang devoted to each. In case of emergency, however, a gang from another district, as among the flushermen, is sent to expedite any pressing work. All the men are paid by the job, the payment being two shillings each per job, to the pump men and whole men, and three shillings to the ganger. But in addition to the two shillings per job, the whole man has six pence a day extra, and the outside man has six pence a day deducted from the four shillings he would earn in two jobs, which is a frequent day's work. The men told me that they had four or four-and-a-half days' work, or eight or nine jobs, every week. But such was the case more particularly when the householders were less cognisant of the work, and did not think of resorting to it. Now I am assured the men's average employment may be put at five days a week, or ten jobs. The perquisites of these workmen are none, except the householder sends them some refreshment on his own accord. There may be a perquisite, but very rarely, occurring to the whole man, should he find anything in the soil, but the finding is far less common than among the nightmen, with whom the process goes through different stages. I did not hear among cesspool surmen of anything being found by them or by their comrades. Of course, when the soil is once absorbed into the pipe, it is unseen on its course of deposit down the gully-hole. The men have no trade societies, and no arrangements of any equivalent nature, no benefit clubs or sick clubs, for which their number indeed is too small, or, as my informants sometimes wound up in a climax, no, nothing that way, sir. They are sober and industrious men, chiefly married and with families. Into further statistics, however, of diet, rent and so on, I need not enter concerning so small a body. They are the same as among other well-conducted labourers. The men find their own dresses, which are of the same cost, form and material, as I have described to pertain to the flishermen. Also their own picks and shovels, costing respectively two shelling sixpence and two shelling thruppence each. One cesspool surmen told me that, when he was first a member of one of those gangs, he was awful abused by the regular nightmen, if he came across any of them, as was beary poor fellows. But that had all passed over now. The total sum paid to the six gangs of labourers in the course of the year would, at the rate of ten cesspools emptied per week, amount to the following. Twelve pumpmen, ten jobs a week each, twenty shelling per week, or fifty-two pounds per year each, yearly total six hundred and twenty-four pounds. Six wholemen, ditto ditto, with two shelling sixpence a week extra, yearly total three hundred and fifty-one pounds. Six outside men, twenty shelling a week, less by sixpence a day, or two shelling sixpence a week, forty-five pounds ten shelling a year, yearly total two hundred and ninety-six pounds. Six gangers, thirty shelling a week each, or eight pounds per year, yearly total four hundred and sixty-eight pounds. Yearly total of all, one thousand seven hundred and thirty-nine pounds. Any householder and so on who applies to the court of sewers, or to any officer of the court whom he may know, as is cesspool cleansed by the hydraulic method, in the same way as he might employ any tradesman to do any description of work, proper to his calling. The charge by the court of sewers is five shelling's or six shelling's per square yard, according to pipage and so on required. A cesspool emptied by this system costs from twenty shelling's to thirty shelling's. The charges of the nightmen who have to employ horses and so on are necessarily higher. Estimating that throughout London sixty cesspools are emptied by the hydraulic method every week, or three thousand one hundred and twenty every year, and the charge for each to be on an average twenty-five shelling's. We have for the gross receipts three thousand one hundred and twenty times twenty-five shelling's equal to three thousand nine hundred pounds. And deducting from this the sum paid for labour one thousand seven hundred and thirty-nine pounds. It shows a profit of two thousand one hundred and sixty-one pounds. This is upwards of one hundred and twenty-three percent, but out of this interest on capital and where in tear of machinery have to be paid. During the year eighteen fifty-one, I'm credibly informed that as many as three thousand sewers were emptied by the hydraulic process, and calculating each to have contained the average quantity of refuse, namely five tons or loads, or about one hundred and eighty cubic feet. We have an aggregate of five hundred and forty thousand cubic feet of cesspoolage ultimately carried off by the sewers. This however is only a twenty-seventh of the entire quantity. The sum paid in wages to the men engaged in emptying these three thousand cesspools by the hydraulic process would at the rate of two shelling's per man to the four members of the gang and three shelling's to the ganger or eleven shelling's in all for each cesspool amount to one thousand six hundred and fifty pounds which is one hundred and thirty-nine pounds and two hundred and fifty cesspools less than the amount above given. Statement of a cesspool surman I gave the following brief and characteristic statement which is peculiar in showing the habitual restlessness of the mere labourer. My informant was a stout, hail-looking man who had rarely known illness. All these sort of labourers, nightmen included, scout the notion of the cholera attacking them. Work, sir? Well, I think I do know what work is and has known it since I was a child and then I was set to help at the weaving. My friends were weavers at Norwich and 26 years ago until steam pulled working men down from being well paid and well off it was a capital trade. Why, my father could sometimes earn three pounds at his work as a working weaver. There was money for ever then. Now, twelve shillings a week is I believe the tip-top earnings of his trade. But I didn't like the confinement or the close air in the factories and so when I grew big enough I went to groundwork in the city. Note, so he frequently called Norwich. End note. I call groundwork such as digging drains and the like. Then I listed into the marines. Oh, I hardly know what made me. Men does foolish things and don't know why. It's human nature. I'm sure it wasn't the bounty of three pounds that tempted me, for I was doing middling and sometimes had night work as well as groundwork to do. I was then sent to Sheerness and put on board the thunderer, Man of War carrying 84 guns as a marine. She sailed through the straits. Note, off Gibraltar. End note. And was three years and three months at the Dardanelles and cruising among the islands. I never saw anything like such fortifications as at the Dardanelles. While there was mortars there as would throw a ton weight. No, I never heard of there having been fired. Yes, we sometimes got leave for a party to go ashore on one of the islands. They called them Greek islands but I fancy as how it was Turks near the Dardanelles. Oh yes, the men on the islands was civil enough to us. They spoke to them. The sailors sometimes, and indeed a lot of us, would have bits of larks with them laughing at them and taking sights at them and such like. Why, I've seen a fine-dressed Turk one of their grand gentlemen there when a couple of sailors has each been taking a sight at him and dancing the shuffle along with it make each of them a low bow as solemn as could be. Perhaps he thought it was a way of being civil in our country. He was stuck over with so many knives and cuplesses and belts and pistols and things that he looked like a cutler shop window. We were ordered home at last and after being some months in barracks which I didn't relish at all we're paint off at Plymouth. Oh, a barrack lives anything but pleasant but I've done with it. After that I was eight years and a quarter a gentleman servant, coachman or anything. Not in Norwich, end note. I was tired of that and came to London and got to ground and knew sewer work and have been on the sewers above five years. Yes, I prefer the sewers to the Greek islands. I was one of the first set as worked a pump. There was a great many spectators I dare say as there was 40 skiantific gentlemen. I've been on the sewers flushing and pumping ever since. The houses we clean out all says it's far the best plan ours is. Never no more nightmen they say. You see sir, our plans far less trouble to the people in the house and there's no smell. At least I never found no smell and it's cheap too. In time the nightmen will disappear. Of course they must. There's so many new dodges comes up. Always some one of the working classes is being ruined. If it ain't steam it's something else as knocks the bread out of their mouths quite as quick. Of the present disposal of the night soil. It would appear, according to the previous calculations, that of the 15 million cubic feet of house refuse annually deposited in the cesspools of the metropolis, about 500,000 cubic feet are pumped by the French process into the sewers. Consequently there still remains about 14,500,000 cubic feet or about 404,000 loads to be disposed of by other means. I shall now proceed to explain how the cesspoolage proper that is to say that the cartridges removed by cartage rather than by being discharged into the sewers, this ultimately got rid off. Until about 20 months ago when the new sanitary regulations concerning the disposal of night soil came into operation the cesspool matter was shot into a nightyard, generally also a dust yard. These were the yards of the parish contractors and were situated in Midden Lane Paddington and so on and so on. Any sweeper or any nightman was permitted by the proprietor of one of these places to deposit his night soil there. For this the depositor received no payment, the privilege of having a shoot being accounted sufficient. There were till within these six or eight years I was informed 60 places where cesspool manure could be shot. These included the nightman's yards and the wharfs of manure dealers some of the small coasting vessels taking it as ballast. But as regards the cesspool filth there are now none of these places of deposit, though some little I was told might be done by stealth. Of one of these nightyard factories Dr. Gavin gave in 1848 the following account. Quote on the western side of Spittlefield's workhouse and entering from a street called Queen Street is a nightman's yard, a heap of dung and refuse of every description about the size of a tolerably large house lies piled to the left of the yard. To the right is an artificial pond into which the contents of cesspools are thrown. The contents are allowed to desiccate in the open air and they are frequently stirred for that purpose. The odour which was given off when the contents were raked up to give me an assurance that there was nothing so very bad in the alleged nuisance drove me from the place at most speed. On two sides of this horrid collection of experimental matter was a patent manure manufactory. To the right in this yard was a large accumulation of dung and so on but to the left there was an extensive layer of a compost of blood ashes and nitric acid which gave out the most horrid offensive and disgusting concentration of putrescent odours it has ever been my lot to be the victim of. The whole place presented a most foul and filthy aspect and an example of the enormous outrages which are perpetrated in London against society. It is a curious fact that the parties who had charge of these two premises were each dead to the foulness of their own most pestilential nuisances. The nightman's servant accused the premises of the manure manufacturer as the source of perpetual foul smells but thought his yard free from any particular cause of complaint. While the servant of the patent manure manufacturer diligently and earnestly asserted the perfect freedom of his master's yard from foul exhalations but considered that the raking up of the drying night soil on the other side of the wall was quite awful and enough to kill anybody. Immediately adjoining the patent manure manufactory is the establishment of a bottle merchant he complained to me in the strongest terms of the expenses and he had been put to, through the emanations which floated in the atmosphere having caused his bottles to spoil the wine which was placed in such as had not been very recently washed. He was compelled frequently to change his straw and frequently to wash his bottles and considered that unless the nuisances could be suppressed he would be compelled to leave his present premises. This and similar places were suppressed soon after the passing of the sanitary measures of September 1848. The cesspool refuse which was disposed of for manure was at that time first shot into recesses in the nightyard where it was mixed with exhausted hops procured from the brew houses which were said to absorb the liquid portions when stirred up with the matter and to add not only to the consistency of the mass but to its reddier portability for land manure or for storage in a barge. It was also mixed with littered straw from the muse and with stable manure generally. An old man who had worked many years he did not know how many in one of these yards told me that when this night soil was fresh shot and first mixed the stench was often dreadful. How we stood it he said I don't know but we did stand it. In one of the night and dust yards I ascertained that as many as fifty loads half of them wagon loads have been shot from the proprietors own carts and from the carts of the nightmen using the yard in one morning but the average shoot was about ten loads half a wagon a day for six days in the week. Of the mode of manufacture of this manure a full account has been given in the details of the cesspool system of Paris for the process was the same in London although on a much smaller scale and indeed the manufacture here was chiefly in the hands of Frenchmen. The manure was after it had been deposited for periods varying from one month to five or six. Sold to farmers and gardeners and from four shillings to five shillings the cart load although four shillings I was informed might have been the general average. The cesspool matter considered per se was not worth of late years I am told above two shillings a ton or a load which is sometimes rather more and sometimes less than a ton. It was when mixed that the price was four shillings to five shillings a ton. This cesspool filth was shot on the premises of the manufacturer gratuitously as it was in any of the nightyards. It was not until it had been kept some time and had been mixed generally with other manures and sometimes with road sweepings that this manure was used in gardens for it was said that if this had not been done its amniacal vapours would have been absorbed and retained by the leaves of the fruit trees. This night soil manure was devoted to two purposes. To the manufacture of deodorized and portable manure for exportation chiefly to our sugar growing colonies and to the fertilization of the land around London. When manufactured into manure it was shipped in new casks generally the manure casks of the outward village being transformed into the brown sugar casks of the homeward bound vessels. I was told by a seaman who some years ago sailed to the West Indies that these manure casks in damp weather gave out an unpleasant odor. It was only to the home cultivators who resided at no great distance from a nightyard from five to six miles or a little more that this manure was sold to be carted away. Their attendance at the markets cart wagons and horses giving them facilities of conveying the manure at a cheap rate. But upwards of three fourths of the whole was sent in barges into the more distant country parts having a ready water communication either by the Thames or by Canal. The purchaser nearer home conveyed it away in his own cart and with his own horses which had perhaps come up to town laden with cabbages to Covent Garden or hay to Cumberland Market the cart being made watertight for the purpose. The legal hours to be observed in the cleansing of cesspools and the transport of the contents upon such cleansing not being required to be observed in this second transport of the cesspool manure it was carted away at any hour as stable dumb now is. It is not possible at the present time when nightyards are no longer permitted to exist in London and the manufacture of the nightsoil is consequently suppressed to ascertain the precise quantities disposed of commercially in a former state of things. The money returns to the master nightman for the manure he now collects need no figures. The law requires him to refrain from shooting this soil in his own yard or in any inhabited part of the metropolis and it is shot on the nearest farm to which he has access merely for the privilege of shooting it the farmer paying nothing for the deposit with which he does what he pleases it is mixed with other refus I was told at present and kept as compost or used on the land but the change is too recent for the establishment of any systematic traffic in the article of the working nightman and the mode of work Night work by the provisions of the police act is not to be commenced before 12 at night nor continued beyond 5 in the morning winter and summer alike this regulation is known among the nightman as the legal hours and tens in a measure to account for the heterogeneous class of laborers who still seek night work for strong men think little of devoting a part of the night as well as the working hours of the day to toil a rubbish Carter a very powerfully built man told me he was partial to night work and always looked out for it even when in daily supply as it was sometimes like found money the scavengers sweeps dustman and laborers known as ground workers are anxious to obtain night work when out of regular employment and 10 years or more since it was often unavailable and remunerative resource night work is then essentially and perhaps necessarily extra work rather than a distinct calling followed by a separate class of workers the majority of nightman are scavengers or dustman or chimney sweepers or rubbish carters or pipe players or ground workers or coal porters, carmen or stablemen or men working for the market gardeners around London all either in or out of employment perhaps there is not at the present time in the whole metropolis a working nightman who is solely a working nightman it is almost the same with the master nightman namely master chimney sweepers, scavengers rubbish carters and builders some of the contractors for the public street scavengery and the house dustman emptying are or have been among the largest employers of nightman but only in their individual trading capacity for they have no contracts with the parishes concerning the emptying of cesspools indeed the parish or district corporations have nothing to do with the matter I have already shown that among the best patronised master nightman are now the commissioners of the court of sewers for how long a period of the master and working chimney sweepers and scavengers have been the master and labouring nightman I am unable to discover but it may be reasonable to assume that this connection as a matter of trade existed in the metropolis at the commencement of the 18th century the police of Paris as I have shown have full control of the cesspool cleansing but the police of London are instructed merely to prevent night work being carried on at a later or earlier period than the legal hours still a few minutes either way are not regarded and the legal hours I am told are almost always adhered to night work is carried on and has been so carried on within the memory of the oldest men in the trade who had never heard their predecessors speak of any other after this method a gang of four men exclusive of those who have the care of the horses and who drive the night carts to and from the scenes of the men's labour at the cesspools are set to work the labour of the gang is divided though not with any individual or a special strictness as follows one the whole man who goes into the cesspool and fills the tub two the rope man who raises the tub three the tub men of whom there are two who carry away the tub when raised and empty it into the cart the mode of work may be thus briefly described within a foot or even less sometimes though often as much as three feet below the surface of the ground when the cesspool is away from the house is what is called the main hole this is the opening of the cesspool and is covered with flagstones removable wholly or partially by means of the pickaxe if the cesspool be immediately under the privy the flooring and so on is displaced should the soil be near enough to the surface the tub is dipped into it drawn out the filth scraped from its exterior with a shovel or swept off with a beesung or washed off by water flung against it with sufficient force this done the tub men insert the pole through the handles of the tub and put it on their shoulders to the cart the mode of carriage and the form of the tub have been already shown in an illustration which I was assured by a nightman who had seen it in a shop window for he could not read was as natural as life, tub and all thus far the rope men and the hole men generally aid in filling the tub but as the soil becomes lower the vessel is let down and drawn up full by the rope men still a ladder is usually planted inside the cesspool the hole men who is generally the strongest person in the gang descends shovels the tub full having stirred up the refuse to listen it and the contents being drawn up by the rope men are carried away as before described the labour is sometimes severe the tub when filled though it is never quite filled weighs rarely less than 8 stone and sometimes more at that you see sir a nightman said to me depends on the nature of the soil beer and bread and cheese are given to the nightman and frequently gin while at their work but as the bestowl of the spirit is voluntary some householders from motives of economy or from being real or pretended members or admirers of the total abstinence principles refuse to give any strong liquor and in that case in addition to withhold the drink being on beforehand the employers sometimes supply the men with a glass or two and the men when nothing better can be done club their own money and send to some nighthouse often at a distance to purchase a small quantity on their own account one master nightman said he thought his men worked best indeed he was sure of it with a drop to keep them up another thought it did them neither good nor harm both these informants were themselves temperate men one rarely tasting spirits it is commonly enough said that if the nightman have no allowance they will work neither as quickly nor as carefully as if accorded the customer gin perquisite one man certainly a very strong active person whose services were quickness in the work was indispensable might be valuable and he had work as a rubbish quarter also told me that he for one would not work for any man at night work if there was not a fair allowance of drink to keep up his strength and he knew others of the same mind am I asking him what he considered a fair allowance he told me that at least a bottle of gin among the gang of four was looked for and mostly had over a gentleman cesspool and little enough too the man said among four of us what it holds public house gin is uncertain for you must know sir that some bottles had great kicks at their bottoms but I should say that there's been a bottle of gin drunk at the clearing of every two I and more than every two out of three cesspools emptied in London and now that I come to think in it I should say that's been the case with three out of every four some master nightman and more especially the sweeper nightman work at the cesspools themselves although many of them are men well to do in the world one master I met with who had the reputation of being warm spoke of his own manual labour in shuffling filth in the same self complacent tone that we may imagine might be used by a grocer worth his plum who quietly intimates that he will serve a washer woman with her half ounce of tea and wait for her himself as politely as he would serve a duchess for he wasn't above his business neither was the nightman on one occasion I went to see a gang of nightman at work large horn lanterns for the night was dark though it intervals the stars shone brilliantly were placed at the edges of the cesspool two poles also were temporarily fixed in the ground to which lanterns were hung but this is not always the case the work went rapidly on with little noise and no confusion the scene was peculiar enough the artificial light shining into the dark filthy looking cavern or cesspool through the adjacent houses into a deep shade all around was perfectly still and there was not an incident to interrupt the labour except that at one time the window of a neighbouring house was thrown up a nightcapped head was protruded and then down was bound to the sash with an impatient curse it appeared as if a gentleman slumber had been disturbed though the nightman laughed and declared it was a ladies voice the smell although the air was frosty was for some little time perhaps ten minutes literally sickening after that period the chief sensation experienced was a slight headache the unpleasantness of the order still continuing though without any sickening effect the nightman however pronounced the stench nothing at all and one even declared it was refreshing the cesspool in this case was so situated that the cart or rather wagon could be placed about three yards from its edge sometimes however the soil has to be carried through a garden and through the house to the excessive annoyance of the inmates the nightman whom I saw evidently enjoyed a bottle of gin which had been provided for them by the master of the house as well as some bread and cheese and two pots of beer when the wagon was full two horses were brought from a stable on the premises an arrangement which can only be occasionally carried out and yoked to the vehicle which was at once driven away a smaller cart and one horse being used to carry off the residue end of section 84 section 85 of London Labour and the London poor volume 2 by Henry Mayhew this LibriVox recording is in the public domain recording by Gillian Henry table showing the number of master's sweeps, dust and other contractors and master bricklayers throughout the metropolis engaged in night work as well as the number of cesspools emptied and quantity of soil collected yearly also the price paid to each operative per load or per night and the total amount annually paid to the master nightman part 1 Readers note the following table gives the names of the sweeps employed as nightman organized by area the number of cesspools emptied during the year, the quantity of night soil collected annually the number of operative nightman employed to empty each cesspool the total number of times the working nightman are employed during the year the sum paid to each operative nightman engaged in removing soil from cesspools the total amount paid to the operative nightman during the year and the total amount paid to master nightman during the year for emptying cesspools at 10 shillings per load and readers note number of cesspools emptied during the year in Kensington by herd 8 by Francis 12 by Russell 8 by Howe 20 in Chelsea by Burns 12 by Clements 10 by Shepard 14 by Nye 16 by Haddox 20 by Ulbrooke 30 in Westminster by Peacock 60 by Riley 40 by White 20 by Ramsbottom 12 by Ness 12 by Porter 10 by Edwards 8 by Andrews 8 by Foreman 10 in St Martins by Wakefield 8 6 by Templeton 10 by Pierce 10 in Marlebone by Effery 12 by Brigham 10 by Ballard 8 by Pottel 25 by Shadwick 20 by Wilson 20 by Lewis 10 by Cuss 30 by Wood 20 in Paddington by Prichard 20 by Randall 25 by Brown 10 by Davis 8 by Rickwood 8 by Elkins 6 in Hampstead by Cippin 8 by Borden 8 in Islington by Hughes 25 by Bowen 20 by Chilcott 25 by Baker 12 in St Pancras by Burroughs 20 by Justo 8 by Neil 8 by Robinson 12 by Marriage 20 by Hall 20 by Jenkins 12 by Steele 4 by Lake 60 by Hewlett 10 by Snell 10 by MacDonald 30 in Hackney by Mason 20 by Clark 12 by Starkey 25 by Attwell 20 by Brown 12 in St Giles's and St George's Bloomsbury by Stor 20 by Eldridge 8 by Davis 10 by Francis 10 by Tiny 12 by Johnson 8 by Tynesie 8 by Randall 4 by Day 60 in Strand by Catlin 10 by Richards 8 by Hutchins 8 by Barker 4 in Hoburn by Duck 30 by Eagle 20 by Davis 30 by Brown 20 by Day 12 by Hawkins 8 by Grant 8 in St Luke's by Brown 20 by Molly 20 by Stevens 12 by Badger 8 by Lewis 8 in East London by Crozier 30 by James 20 by Dawson 8 by Newell 20 by Clark 20 by Watson 12 by Desater 12 in London City by Tyler and Tyso 30 by Burgess 20 by Wilson 20 by Potter 10 by Wright 8 in Shore Ditch by Wells 20 by Whittle 20 by Collins 15 by Crue 12 by Atwood 12 by Crosby 8 by Mull 12 by Darby 20 by Hall 20 in Whitechapel by Collins 12 by Brazier 10 by Harrison 20 by Harris 16 by Mance 8 in St George in the East Whitehead 20 by Rotten 20 by Rotham 20 by Harewood 20 in Bermondsy by Simpson 15 by Wilkinson 12 by Goring 10 by Lively 8 by Stone 9 by Ward 6 in Walworth and Newington by Kingsbury 6 by Gooch 4 by Wells 15 by Wilkes 12 by James 10 by Morgan 8 by Crony 8 by Tuff 20 by Hillingsworth 12 by Smith 10 by Field 8 in Poplar by Weaver 18 by Strossen 12 by Collauder 8 by Ward 10 in St. Olives in Saviors and St. George's by Vines 12 by Humphrey 15 by Young 10 by James 12 by Penn 10 by Alcorn 12 by Fisher 12 by Good 10 by Smith 8 by Roberts 8 by Pilkington 9 by Lindsay 6 by Daycock 6 by Molton 4 in Lambeth by Roberts 25 by Holland 12 by Ballard 12 by Brown 8 by Mills 10 in Christchurch Lambeth by Plummer 18 by Steers 12 by Claire 10 by Garlic 8 by Hudson 6 by Jones 4 in Wandsworth and Battersea by Foreman 15 by Smith 10 by Giles 8 by Davis 6 by Flushman 4 in Rutherith by Shelly 6 by Greenwich and Dettford by Manning 30 by Vines 20 by Roseworthy 20 by Tyler 12 by Munchen 12 in Woolwich by Pierce 30 by Fidman 12 by Sims 12 by Smithers 12 by Rook 8 by James 8 in Lewisham by Ridgway 20 by Binney 10 by Riley, 240. White, 120. Ramsbottom, 72. Ness, 72. Porter, 60. Edwards, 48. Andrews, 48. Foreman, 60. In St. Martins, Wakefield, 48. Waitley, 36. Templeton, 60. Pierce, 60. Marlebone, every, 72. Brigham, 60. Ballard, 48. Pottle, 150. Shadwick, 120. Wilson, 120. Lewis, 60. Cuss, 180. Wood, 120. Paddington, Prichard, 120. Randall, 150. Brown, 60. Lamb, 120. Bolton, 60. Davis, 48. Rickwood, 48. Elkins, 36. Hampstead, Cippin, 48. Bowden, 48. Islington, Hughes, 150. Boven, 120. Chilcutt, 150. Baker, 72. St. Pancras, Burroughs, 120. Justo, 48. Neal, 48. Robinson, 72. Marriage, 120. Rose, 72. Hall, 120. Jenkins, 72. Steel, 24. Lake, 360. Hewlett, 60. Snell, 60. MacDonald, 180. In Hackney, Mason, 120. Clark, 72. Starkey, 150. Attawell, 120. Brown, 72. In St Giles's and St George's, Bloomsbury. Store, 120. Richards, 120. Norris, 72. Eldridge, 48. Davis, 60. Francis, 60. Tiny, 72. Johnson, 48. Tynesie, 48. Randall, 24. Day, 360. Strand, Catlin, 60. Richards, 48. Hutchins, 48. Barker, 24. Hoburn, Duck, 180. Eagle, 120. Froome, 72. Smith, 72. Clarkinwell, Davis, 180. Brown, 120. Day, 72. Hawkins, 48. Grant, 48. In St. Luke's, Brown, 120. Molly, 120. Stevens, 72. Badger, 48. Lewis, 48. In East London, Grozier, 180. James, 120. Dawson, 48. Newell, 120. Lumley, 48. Harvey, 36. In West London, Raymond, 120. Clark, 120. Watson, 72. Desater, 72. London City, Tyler and Tiso, 180. Burgess, 120. Wilson, 120. Potter, 60. Wright, 48. Ensure Ditch, Wells, 120. Whittle, 120. Collins, 90. Crue, 72. Atwood, 72. Conroy, 60. Pucey, 36. In Bethnal Green, Pedrick, 48. Crosby, 48. Moll, 72. Derby, 120. Hall, 120. In Whitechapel, Collins, 72. Brazier, 60. Harrison, 120. Harris, 96. Mance, 48. St. George's, in the East. Whitehead, 120. Rotten, 120. Rotham, 120. Harewood, 120. Rothhorn, 150. Darling, 120. Jones, 90. Johnson, 72. Bermondsey, Simpson, 90. Wilkinson, 72. Goring, 60. Lively, 48. Stone, 54. Ward, 36. Wilworth and Newington, Kingsbury, 36. Gooch, 24. Wells, 90. Wilkes, 72. James, 60. Morgan, 48. Crony, 48. Holmes, 48. In Stepney, Newell, 60. Fleming, 120. Tough, 120. 72. Smith, 60. Field, 48. In Poplar, Weaver, 108. Strossan, 72. Collauder, 48. Ward, 60. St. Olive, St. Saviours, and St. George's, Sunnark. Vines, 72. Humphrey, 90. Young, 60. James, 72. Penn, 60. Holiday, 48. Muggeridge, 90. Allcorn, 72. Fisher, 72. Good, 60. Smith, 48. Roberts, 48. Pilkington, 54. Lindsay, 36. Daycock, 36. Malton, 24. In Lambeth, Roberts, 150. Holland, 72. Ballard, 72. Brown, 48. Mills, 60. Giles, 36. Spooner, 36. Green, 24. Barnum, 24. Price, 24. Christchurch, Lambeth, Plummer, 108. Steers, 72. Claire, 60. Garlic, 48. Hudson, 36. Jones, 24. Onesworth and Battersea, Foreman, 90. Smith, 60. Giles, 48. Davis, 36. Flushman, 24. Rutherith, Shelley, 36. Richardson, 120. Norris, 48. Smith, 72. Dyer, 48. Greenwich and Detford, Manning, 180. Vines, 120. Roseworthy, 120. Tyler, 72. Munchen, 72. Woolwich, Pierce, 180. Fidderman, 72. Sims, 72. Smithers, 72. Rook, 48. James, 48. Lewisham, Ridgeway, 120. Blinney, 60. Total, 14,960 loads. Number of operative nightmare employed to empty each cesspool. In Kensington, Herd, 3. Francis, 4. Russell, 3. Howe, 4. In Chelsea, Burns, 3. Clements, 3. Groves, 3. Clayton, 3. Shepard, 4. Nye, 3. Haddux, 3. Albrook, 4. In Westminster, Peacock, 4. Riley, 4. White, 3. Ramsbottom, 3. Ness, 3. Porter, 3. Edwards, 3. Andrews, 3. Foreman, 3. In St. Martins, Wakefield, Whitely, Templeton, Pierce, all 3. In Marlebone, every 3. Brigham, 3. Ballard, 3. Pottle, 4. Shadwick, 3. Wilson, 3. Lewis, 3. Cuss, 4. Wood, 3. In Paddington, Pritchard, Randal, Brown, Lamb, Bolton, Davis, Rickwood, Elkins, all 3. In Hampstead, Kippen, 3. Bowden, 3. In Islington, Hughes, Bowen, Chilcutt, Baker, all 3. St. Pancras, Burroughs, Justo, Neil, Robinson, Marge, Rose, Hall, Jenkins, Steele, all 3. Lake, 4. Hewlett, 3. Snell, 3. Macdonald, 4. In Hackney, Mason, 3. Clark, 3. Starkey, 4. Attawell, 4. Brown, 3. In St. Gileses and St. George's, Bloomsbury, Stor, Richards, Norris, Eldridge, Davis, Francis, Tiny, Johnson, Tynes, Randal, all 3. Day, 4. In Strand, Katelyn, Richards, Hutchins, Barker, all 3. In Hoburn, Duck, 4. Eagle, 4. Froome, 3. Smith, 3. In Clarkingwell, Davis, 3. Brown, 4. Day, 3. Hawkins, 3. Grant, 3. In St. Luke's, Brown, 4. Molly, 4. Stevens, 3. Badger, 3. Lewis, 3. In East London, Crozier, 4. James, 4. Dawson, 3. Newell, 4. Lumley, 3. Harvey, 3. In West London, Raymond, 4. Clark, 4. Watson, 3. DeSatter, 3. In London City, Tyler and Tyso, 4. Burgess, 4. Wilson, 4. Potter, 3. Wright, 3. In Shoreditch, Wells, 4. Whittle, 4. Collins, 3. Crew, 3. Atwood, 3. Conroy, 3. Pusey, 3. In Bethnoe, Green, Pedrick, 3. Crosby, 3. Mull, 3. Derby, 4. Hall, 4. In Whitechapel, Collins, Brazier, Harrison, Paris, Mance, all 3. In St. George's in the East, Whitehead, 4. Rotten, 4. Rotham, 4. Herewood, 3. Rothhorn, 4. Darling, 4. Jones, 3. Johnson, 3. Bermondsey, Simpson, Wilkinson, Goring, Lively, Stone, Ward, all 3. Walworth and Newington, Kingsbury, Gooch, Wells, Wilkes, James, Morgan, Crony, Holmes, all 3. Stepney, Newell, Fleming, Tough, Hillingsworth, Smith, Field, all 3. Poplar, Weaver, Strossen, Collauder, Ward, all 3. St. Olives, St. Saviours and St. George's, Southwark. Vines, Humphrey, Young, James, Penn, Holiday, McGurridge, Elkhorn, Fisher, Good, Smith, Roberts, Pilkington, Lindsay, Daycock, Molton, all 3. Lambeth, Roberts, 4. Holland, 3. Ballard, 3. Brown, 3. Mills, 3. Giles, 3. Spinner, 3. Green, 3. Barnum, 3. Price, 3. Christchurch, Lambeth, Plummer, Steers, Clare, Garlic, Hudson, Jones, all 3. Wandsworth and Battersea, Foreman, Smith, Giles, Davis, Flushman, all 3. Rotherith, Shelley, 3. Richardson, 4. Norris, 3. Smith, 3. Dyer, 3. Greenwich and Etford, Manning, 4. Bines, 4. Rosworthy, 4. Tyler, 3. Munchin, 3. Woolwich, Pierce, 4. Fidderman, 3. Sims, 3. Smithers, 3. Rook, 3. James, 3. Lewisham, Ridgeway, 4. Binney, 3. Total, 3 and 4. Total number of times the working-nightmen are employed during the year. Kensington, Hurd, 24. Francis, 48. Russell, 24. Howe, 80. Chelsea, Burns, 36. Clements, 30. Groves, 54. Clayton, 60. Shepherd, 56. Nye, 48. Hadducks, 60. Albrook, 120. Westminster, Peacock, 240. Riley, 160. White, 60. Ramsbottom, 36. Ness, 36. Porter, 30. Edwards, 24. Andrews, 24. Foreman, 30. St. Martin's, Wakefield, 24. Waitley, 18. Templeton, 30. Pierce, 30. Merlebone, Effery, 36. Brigham, 30. Ballard, 24. Pottle, 100. Shadwick, 60. Wilson, 60. Lewis, 30. Cuss, 120. Wood, 60. Paddington, Prichard, 60. Randall, 75. Brown, 30. Lamb, 60. Bolton, 30. Davis, 24. Rickwood, 24. Elkins, 18. Hampstead, Kippen, 24. Bowden, 24. Islington, Hughes, 75. Bowvin, 60. Chilcutt, 75. Baker, 36. St. Pancras, Burrows, 60. Justo, 24. Neal, 24. Robinson, 36. Marge, 60. Rose, 36. Hall, 60. Jenkins, 36. Steel, 12. Lake, 240. Hewlett, 30. Snell, 30. McDonald, 120. Hackney, Mason, 60. Clark, 36. Starkey, 100. Attawell, 80. Brown, 36. St. Giles and St. George's, Bloomsbury. Stor, 60. Richards, 60. Norris, 36. Eldridge, 24. Davis, 30. Francis, 30. Tiny, 36. Johnson, 24. Tainzy, 24. Randall, 12. Day, 240. Strand, Catlin, 30. Richards, 24. Hutchins, 24. Barker, 12. Hoburn, Duck, 120. Eagle, 80. Froome, 36. Smith, 36. Clarkinwell, Davis, 90. Brown, 80. Day, 36. Hawkins, 24. Grant, 24. St. Luke's, Brown, 80. Molly, 80. Stevens, 36. Badger, 24. Lewis, 24. East London, Crozier, 120. James, 80. Dawson, 24. Newell, 80. Lumley, 24. Harvey, 18. West London, Raymond, 80. Clark, 80. Watson, 36. Desatter, 36. London City, Tyler and Taiso, 120. Burgess, 80. Wilson, 80. Potter, 30. Wright, 24. Shoreditch, Wells, 80. Whittle, 80. Collins, 45. Crue, 36. Atwood, 36. Conroy, 30. Pussy, 18. Bethnoe, Green. Pedrick, 24. Crosby, 24. Mull, 36. Derby, 80. Hall, 80. Whitechapel, Collins, 36. Brazier, 30. Harrison, 60. Harris, 48. Mance, 24. St. George's in the East. Whitehead, 80. Rotten, 80. Rotham, 80. Harewood, 60. Rothhorn, 100. Darling, 80. Jones, 45. Johnson, 36. Bermondsy, Simpson, 45. Wilkinson, 36. Goreing, 30. Lively, 24. Stone, 27. Ward, 18. Walworth and Newington, Kingsbury, 18. Gooch, 12. Wells, 45. Wilkes, 36. James, 30. Morgan, 24. Crony, 24. Holmes, 24. Stepney, Newell, 30. Gleming, 60. Tuff, 60. Helingsworth, 36. Smith, 30. Field, 24. Poplar, Weaver, 54. Strawson, 36. Collauder, 24. Ward, 30. St. Olives and Saviors and St. George's, Southark. Vines, 36. Humphrey, 45. Young, 30. James, 36. Penn, 30. Holiday, 24. Mageridge, 45. Alcorn, 36. Fisher, 36. Good, 30. Smith, 24. Roberts, 24. Pilkington, 27. Lindsay, 18. Daycock, 18. Molton, 12. Lambeth, Roberts, 100. Holland, 36. Ballard, 36. Brown, 24. Mills, 30. Giles, 18. Spooner, 18. Green, 12. Barnum, 12. Price, 12. Christchurch Lambeth, Plummer, 54. Steers, 36. Claire, 30. Garlic, 24. Hudson, 18. Jones, 12. Wandsworth and Battersea, Foreman, 45. Smith, 30. Giles, 24. Davis, 18. Flushman, 12. Rotherith, Shelley, 18. Richardson, 80. Norris, 24. Smith, 36. Dyer, 24. Greenwich and Detford, Manning, 120. Bines, 80. Roseworthy, 80. Tyler, 36. Munchen, 36. Woolwich, Pearsh, 120. Fidiman, 36. Sims, 36. Smithers, 36. Rook, 24. James, 24. Lewisham, Ridgeway, 80. Binney, 30. Total, 10,062. Some paid to each operative nightmare engaged in removing soil from cesspools. Kensington, Hurd, 6pence, Francis, 6pence, Russell, 6pence, Howe, 7pence, Chelsea, Burns, 6pence, Clements, 6pence, Groves, 6pence, Clayton, 6pence, Shepherd, 6pence, Nye, 6pence, Haddock, 6pence, Allbrook, 7pence, Westminster, Peacock, 7pence, Riley, 7pence, White, 6pence, Ramsbottom, 6pence, Ness, 6pence, Porter, 6pence, Edwards, 6pence, Andrews, 6pence, Foreman, 6pence, St. Martin's, Wakefield, Whitley, Templeton, Pierce, All, 6pence, Marlebone, Effery, 6pence, Brigham, 6pence, Ballard, 6pence, Pottle, 7pence, Shadwick, 6pence, Wilson, 6pence, Lewis, 6pence, Coss, 7pence, Wood, 6pence, Paddington, Prichard, Randall, Brown, Lamb, Bolton, Davis, Rickwood, Elkins, All, 6pence, Hampstead, Kippen, 6pence, Bowden, 6pence, Islington, Hughes, Bowen, Chilcutt, Baker, All, 6pence, St. Pancras, Burroughs, Justo, Neal, Robinson, Marge, Rose, Hall, Jenkins, Steel, All, 6pence, Lake, 7pence, Hewlett, 6pence, Snell, 6pence, MacDonald, 7pence, Hackney, Mason, 6pence, Clark, 6pence, Starkey, 6pence, Attwell, 7pence, Brown, 6pence, St. Giles' and St. George's, Bloomsbury, Store, Richards, Norris, Eldridge, Davis, Francis, Tiny, Johnson, Tynesie, Randall, All, 6pence, Day, 7pence, Strand, Caitlyn, Richards, Hutchins, Barker, All, 6pence, Hoburn, Duck, 7pence, Eagle, 7pence, Froome, 6pence, Smith, 6pence, Clarkinwell, Davis, 6pence, Brown, 7pence, Day, 6pence, Hawkins, 6pence, Grant, 6pence, St. Luke's, Brown, 7pence, Mollie, 7pence, Stevens, 6pence, Badger, 6pence, Lewis, 6pence, East London, Crozier, 7pence, James, 7pence, Dawson, 6pence, Newell, 7pence, Lumley, 6pence, Harvey, 6pence, West London, Raymond, 6pence, Clark, 7pence, Watson, 6pence, Desater, 6pence, London City, Tyler and Tysil, 7pence, Burgess, 7pence, Wilson, 7pence, Potter, 6pence, Wright, 6pence, Shoreditch, Wells, Whittle, Collins, Crue, Atwood, Conroy, Pusey, All, 6pence, Bethnal Green, Pedrick, Crosby, Mull, Derby, Hall, All, 6pence, Whitechapel, Collins, Brazier, Harrison, Harris, Mantz, All, 6pence, St. George's in the East, Whitehead, Rotten, Rotham, Harewood, Rothhorn, Darling, Jones, All, 6pence, Bermondsey, Simpson, Wilkinson, Goring, Lively, Stone, Ward, All, 6pence, Wellworth and Newington, Kingsbury, Gooch, Wells, Wilkes, James, Morgan, Crony, Holmes, All, 6pence, Stepney, Newell, Fleming, Tuff, Hillingsworth, Smith and Field, All, 6pence, Poplar, Weaver, Strossen, Collauder and Ward, All, 6pence, St. Olaf, St. Saviors and St. George's, Sutherk, Vines, Humphrey, Young, James, Penn, Holiday, Muggeridge, Allcorn, Fisher, Good, Smith, Roberts, Pilkington, Lindsay, Daycock and Moulton, All, 6pence, Lambeth, Roberts, 7pence, Holland, Ballard, Brown, Mills, Giles, Spooner, Green, Barnum and Price, All, 6pence, Christchurch, Lambeth, Plummer, Steers, Claire, Garlic, Hudson and Jones, All, 6pence, Wandsworth and Battersea, Foreman, Smith, Giles, Davis and Flushman, All, 6pence, Rotherith, Shelley, Richardson, Norris, Smith and Dyer, All, 6pence, Greenwich and Deptford, Manning, Vines, Roseworthy, Tyler and Wansham, All, 6pence, Woolwich, Pierce, Fidderman, Sims, Smithers, Brooke and James, All, 6pence, Lewisham, Ridgeway and Binney, Both, 6pence, Total, 6 and 7pence, Total amount paid to the Operative Nightman during the year. Kensington, Herd, 1lb 4 shillings, Francis, 1lb 16 shillings, Russell, 1lb 4 shillings, Howe, 3lb, Chelsea, 1lb 16 shillings, Clements, 1lb 10 shillings, Groves, 2lb 14 shillings, Clayton, 3lb, Shepard, 2lb 2 shillings, Nye, 2lb 8 shillings, Haddux, 3lb, Albrook, 5lb 5 shillings, Westminster, Peacock, 10lb 10 shillings, Riley, 6lb 13 shillings and 4pence, White, 3lb, Ramsbottom, 1lb 16 shillings, Ness, 1lb 16 shillings, Porter, 1lb 10 shillings and 4pence, Edwards, 1lb 4 shillings, Andrews, 1lb 4 shillings, Foreman, 1lb 10 shillings and 4pence, St. Martin's, Wakefield, 1lb 4 shillings, Whitley, 18 shillings, Templeton, 1lb 10 shillings, Pierce, 1lb 10 shillings, Marlebone, Effry, 1lb 16 shillings, Brigham, 1lb 10 shillings, Ballard, 1lb 4 shillings, Pottle, 3lb 15 shillings, Shadwick, 3lb, Wilson, 3lb, Lewis, 1lb 10 shillings, Cuss, 4lb 10 shillings, Wood, 3lb, Paddington, Prichard, 3lb, Randall, 3lb 15 shillings, Brown, 1lb 10 shillings, Lam, 3lb, Bolton, 1lb 10 shillings, Davis, 1lb 4 shillings, Rickwood, 1lb 4 shillings, Elkins, 18 shillings, Hampstead, Cippin, 1lb 4 shillings, Bowden, 1lb 4 shillings, Islington, Hughes, 3lb 15 shillings, Boven, 3lb, Chilcut, 3lb 15 shillings, Baker, 1lb 16 shillings, St. Pancras, Burroughs, 3lb, Justo, 1lb 4 shillings, Neil, 1lb 4 shillings, Robinson, 1lb 16 shillings, Marrage, 3lb, Rose, 1lb 16 shillings, Hall, 3lb, Jenkins, 1lb 16 shillings, Steele, 12 shillings, Lake, 10lb 10 shillings, Hewlett, 1lb 10 shillings, Snell, 1lb 10 shillings, MacDonald, 5lb 5 shillings, Hackney, Mason, 3lb, Clark, 1lb 16 shillings, Starkey, 3lb 16 shillings, Atowale, 3lb 10 shillings, Brown, 1lb 16 shillings, St. Giles and St. George's, Bloomsbury, Store, 3lb, Richards, 3lb, Norris, 3lb 16 shillings, Eldridge, 1lb 4 shillings, Davis, 1lb 10 shillings, Francis, 1lb 10 shillings, Tiny, 1lb 16 shillings, Johnson, 1lb 4 shillings, Tainzy, 1lb 4 shillings, Randall, 12 shillings, Day, 10lb 10 shillings, Strand, Catlin, 1lb 10 shillings, Richards, 1lb 4 shillings, Hutchins, 1lb 4 shillings, Barker, 12 shillings, Hoburn, Duck, 5lb 5 shillings, Eagle, 3lb 10 shillings, Froome, 1lb 16 shillings, Smith, 1lb 16 shillings, Clarkinwell, Davis, 4lb 10 shillings, Brown, 3lb 10 shillings, Day, 1lb 16 shillings, Hawkins, 1lb 4 shillings, Grant, 1lb 4 shillings. St Luke's, Brown, 3lb, Molly, 3lb, Stevens, 1lb 16 shillings, Badger, 1lb 4 shillings, Lewis, 1lb 4 shillings, East London, Crozier, 5lb 5 shillings, James, 3lb 10 shillings, Dawson, 1lb 4 shillings, Newell, 3lb 10 shillings, Lumley, 1lb 4 shillings, Harvey, 18 shillings, West London, Raymond, 3lb, Clark, 3lb, Watson, 1lb 16 shillings, Desater, 1lb 16 shillings, London City, Tyler and Tysle, 5lb 5 shillings, Burgess, 3lb 10 shillings, Wilson, 3lb 10 shillings, Potter, 1lb 10 shillings, Wright, 1lb 4 shillings, Shoreditch, Wells, 3lb, Whittle, 3lb, Collins, 2lb 5 shillings, Crew, 1lb 16 shillings, Atwood, 1lb 16 shillings, Conroy, 1lb 10 shillings, Pusey, 18 shillings, Bethnal Green, Pedrick, 1lb 4 shillings, Crosby, 1lb 4 shillings, Mull, 1lb 16 shillings, Derby, 3lb, Hall, 3lb, Whitechapel, Collins, 1lb 16 shillings, Brazier, 1lb 10 shillings, Harrison, 3lb, Harris, 2lb 8 shillings, Mantz, 1lb 4 shillings, St George in the East, Whitehead, 3lb, Rotten, 3lb, Rotham, 3lb, Harewood, 3lb, Rothorn, 3lb 15 shillings, Darling, 3lb, Jones, 2lb 5 shillings, Johnson, 1lb 16 shillings, Bermondsy, Simpson, 2lb 5 shillings, Wilkinson, 1lb 16 shillings, Goring, 1lb 10 shillings, Lively, 2lb 4 shillings, Stone, 1lb 7 shillings, Ward, 18 shillings, Walworth and Newington, Kingsbury, 18 shillings, Gooch, 12 shillings, Wells, 2lb 5 shillings, Wilkes, 1lb 16 shillings, James, 1lb 10 shillings, Morgan, 1lb 4 shillings, Crony, 1lb 4 shillings, Holmes, 1lb 4 shillings, Stepney, Newell, 1lb 10 shillings, Fleming, 3lb, Tough, 3lb, Hillingsworth, 1lb 16 shillings, Smith, 1lb 10 shillings, Field, 1lb 4 shillings, Poplar, Weaver, 2lb 14 shillings, Strossan, 1lb 16 shillings, Glodder, 1lb 4 shillings, Ward, 1lb 10 shillings, St Olives and Saviors, St George's, Sutherk, Lines, 1lb 16 shillings, Humphrey, 2lb 5 shillings, Young, 1lb 10 shillings, James, 1lb 16 shillings, Penn, 1lb 10 shillings, Holiday, 1lb 4 shillings, Muggeridge, 2lb 5 shillings, Alcorn, 1lb 16 shillings, Fisher, 1lb 16 shillings, Good, 1lb 10 shillings, Smith, 1lb 4 shillings, Roberts, 1lb 4 shillings, Pilkington, 1lb 7 shillings, Lindsay, 18 shillings, Daycock, 18 shillings, Moulton, 12 shillings, Lambeth, Roberts, 4lb 7 shillings and Sixpence, Holland, 1lb 16 shillings, Ballard, 1lb 16 shillings, Brown, 1lb 4 shillings, Mills, 1lb 10 shillings, Giles, 18 shillings, Spooner, 18 shillings, Green, 12 shillings, Barnum, 12 shillings, Price, 12 shillings, Christchurch, Lambeth, Plummer, 2lb 14 shillings, Steers, 1lb 16 shillings, Claire, 1lb 10 shillings, Garlic, 1lb 4 shillings, Hudson, 18 shillings, Jones, 12 shillings, Wandsworth and Battersea, Foreman, 2lb 5 shillings, Smith, 1lb 10 shillings, Giles, 1lb 4 shillings, Davis, 18 shillings, Flushman, 12 shillings, Rotherith, Shelly, 18 shillings, Richardson, 3lbs, Norris, 1lb 4 shillings, Smith, 1lb 16 shillings, Dyer, 1lb 4 shillings, Greenwich and Detford, Manning, 4lb 10 shillings, Vines, 3lbs, Roseworthy, 3lbs, Tyler, 1lb 16 shillings, Munchen, 1lb 16 shillings, Woolwich, Pierce, 4lb 10 shillings, Fidemen, 1lb 16 shillings, Sims, 1lb 16 shillings, Smithers, 1lb 16 shillings, Rook, 1lb 4 shillings, James, 1lb 4 shillings, Lewisham, Ridgeway, 3lbs, Binney, 1lb 10 shillings, Total, 455lbs 15 shillings. Total amount paid to Master Knightman during the year for emptying cesspools at 10 shillings per load. Kensington, Hurd, 24lbs, Francis, 36lbs, Russell, 24lbs, Howe, 60lbs, Chelsea, Burns, 36lbs, Clements, 30lbs, Groves, 54lbs, Clayton, 60lbs, Shepherd, 32lbs, Nye, 48lbs, Hadducks, 60lbs, Allbrook, 90lbs, Westminster, Peacock, 180lbs, Riley, 120lbs, White, 60lbs, Ramsbottom, 36lbs, Ness, 36lbs, Porter, 30lbs, Edwards, 24lbs, Andrews, 24lbs, Foreman, 30lbs, St. Martins, Wakefield, 24lbs, Whitley, 18lbs, Templeton, 30lbs, Pierce, 30lbs, Marlebone, Effery, 36lbs, Brigham, 30lbs, Ballard, 24lbs, Pottle, 75lbs, Shadwick, 60lbs, Wilson, 60lbs, Lewis, 30lbs, Cuss, 90lbs, Wood, 60lbs, Paddington, Prichard, 60lbs, Randall, 75lbs, Brown, 30lbs, Lamb, 60lbs, Bolton, 30lbs, Davis, 24lbs, Rickwood, 4lbs, Elkins, 18lbs, Hampstead, Kippen, 24lbs, Bowden, 24lbs, Vislington, Hughes, 75lbs, Boven, 60lbs, Chilcutt, 75lbs, Baker, 36lbs, St. Pancras, Burroughs, 60lbs, Justo, 24lbs, Neil, 24lbs, Robinson, 36lbs, Marriage, 60lbs, Rose, 36lbs, Hall, 60lbs, Jenkins, 36lbs, Steele, 12lbs, Lake, 180lbs, Hewlett, 30lbs, Snell, 30lbs, McDonald, 90lbs, Hackney, Mason, 60lbs, Clark, 36lbs, Starkey, 75lbs, Attawell, 60lbs, Brown, 36lbs, St. George's, Bloomsbury, Stor, 60lbs, Richards, 60lbs, Norris, 36lbs, Eldridge, 24lbs, Davis, 30lbs, Francis, 30lbs, Tiny, 36lbs, Johnson, 24lbs, Tainzy, 24lbs, Randall, 12lbs, Day, 180lbs, Strand, Catelyn, 30lbs, Richards, 24lbs, Hutchins, 24lbs, Barker, 12lbs, Hoburn, Duck, 90lbs, Eagle, 60lbs, Froome, 36lbs, Smith, 36lbs, Clarkinwell, Davis, 90lbs, Brown, 60lbs, Day, 36lbs, Hawkins, 24lbs, Grant, 24lbs, St. Luke's, Brown, 60lbs, Molly, 60lbs, Stevens, 36lbs, Badger, 24lbs, Lewis, 24lbs, East London, Crozier, 90lbs, James, 60lbs, Dawson, 24lbs, Newell, 60lbs, Lumley, 24lbs, Harvey, 18lbs, West London, Raymond, 60lbs, Clark, 60lbs, Watson, 36lbs, Desater, 36lbs, London City, Tyler and Taiso, 90lbs, Burgess, 60lbs, Wilson, 60lbs, Potter, 30lbs, Wright, 24lbs, Shoreditch, Wells, 60lbs, Whittle, 60lbs, Collins, 45lbs, Crew, 36lbs, Atwood, 36lbs, Conroy, 30lbs, Pucey, 18lbs, Bethnal, Green, Pedrick, 24lbs, Crosby, 24lbs, Mull, 36lbs, Derby, 60lbs, Hall, 60lbs, Whitechapel, Collins, 36lbs, Brazier, 30lbs, Harrison, 60lbs, Harris, 48lbs, Mance, 24lbs, St. George in the East, Whitehead, 60lbs, Rotten, 60lbs, Rotham, 60lbs, Herewood, 60lbs, Rothhorn, 75lbs, Darling, 60lbs, Jones, 45lbs, Johnson, 36lbs, Bermondsy, Simpson, 45lbs, Wilkinson, 36lbs, Goring, 36lbs, Lively, 30lbs, Stone, 24lbs, Ward, 24lbs, Walworth and Newington, Kingsbury, 27lbs, Gooch, 18lbs, Wells, 18lbs, Wilkes, 12lbs, James, 45lbs, Worgen, 36lbs, Crony, 30lbs, Holmes, 24lbs, Stepney, Newell, 30lbs, Fleming, 60lbs, Tuff, 60lbs, Helingsworth, 36lbs, Smith, 30lbs, Field, 24lbs, Poplar, Weaver, 54lbs, Strossan, 36lbs, Collauder, 24lbs, Ward, 30lbs, St Olives and Saviors and St George's, Sutherk, Vines, 36lbs, Humphrey, 45lbs, Young, 30lbs, James, 36lbs, Penn, 30lbs, Holiday, 24lbs, Mungeridge, 45lbs, Alcorn, 36lbs, Fisher, 36lbs, Good, 30lbs, Smith, 24lbs, Roberts, 24lbs, Pilkington, 27lbs, Lindsay, 18lbs, Daycock, 18lbs, Moulton, 12lbs, Lambeth, Roberts, 75lbs, Holland, 36lbs, Ballard, 36lbs, Brown, 24lbs, Mills, 30lbs, Giles, 18lbs, Spooner, 18lbs, Green, 12lbs, Barnum, 12lbs, Price, 12lbs, Christchurch Lambeth, Plummer, 54lbs, Steers, 36lbs, Claire, 30lbs, Garlic, 24lbs, Hudson, 18lbs, Jones, 12lbs, Wandsworth and Battersea, Foreman, 45lbs, Smith, 30lbs, Giles, 24lbs, Davis, 18lbs, Flushman, 12lbs, Rotherith, Shelly, 18lbs, Richardson, 60lbs, Norris, 24lbs, Smith, 36lbs, Dyer, 24lbs, Greenwich and Detford, Manning, 90lbs, Vines, 60lbs, Roseworthy, 60lbs, Tyler, 36lbs, Munchen, 36lbs, Woolwich, Pierce, 90lbs, Fidman, 36lbs, Sims, 36lbs, Smithers, 36lbs, Rook, 24lbs, James, 24lbs, Lowsham, Ridgway, 60lbs, Binney, 30lbs, Total, 7,480lbs. End of section 85