夢 gyntaf. Ac rwy'n rwy'n gweud i'n cerdyn nhw. Mae'n rwy'n edrych o'r dechau ar y peth. Mae'r cyfrifiadau o fynd â'r cyfrifiadau. Mae'r cyfrifiadau, rwy'n rwy'n gwedd yw. Dyma, mae'n ddim yn siwr i'n meddwl â'r ffyrtu. Dydw i'n meddwl â'i cyfrifiadau yw 1997, ydw i'n mewn gwirg. The owners priority was to have as much pasture as possible for their two bosses. so, there was this right up to the house wall where it was a blank canvas for us. That was excitement. We wanted to create a garden. The first thing that we did was to ask the local agricultural college in us to come up with their JCVs, turn it all over and create some flat areas for us to then develop. We had it all put down to good grass, and so the story begins. By 2004, little plants, box plants that I put in to create a knock on, they joined together. There's my mother acknowledging the fact that now they're joined together. We've got a pergolae. They've got the beginnings of an arbor with some clims just starting to go on. By 2006 the new hedges that we put in were sufficient that we could curve them with anew one so that we could see the garden beyond, and we bought this cue fountain to put in close to the house. And then I spotted these two boys, these bronzers, in an auction. They were separate lots, but to my mind they would be good if put together to create a feature in the top level of the garden where we've got some specimen trees. They live there and they come with us. When we move, 2014, tightly used that I'd put in either side of the driveway, a gram enough that I could turn them into these cones. And as I've just indicated, 2019, we are them be moving. And whoever follows us will have their own likes and dislikes, their own priorities, fashions change across time to remember crazy paving if you're old enough like me. That was really fashionable in the 1950s as were rockers and dwarf conifers. Not too long ago, prairie planting was in bone. That seems to have gone off the boil a bit now and formality is coming back. And whoever succeeds will have their own personal challenges as will primarily financial. If we were going to create a 1.6 acre form gone, it would be really costly, so we did it all ourselves. That's what's taken so long over the years, but that's been a joy, a garden's organic. We've seen it change across time as we've had money available and the energy to do it. Another factor is that energy, you know, family circumstances can change dramatically. In extreme circumstances, social unrest, I've just missed it, thankfully, when I was born, but before I was born, everyone was digging for victory during wartime. Front gardens, back gardens would turn over to increase the amount of fruit and vegetables available. And then increasingly now, a factor that whoever follows us will take into account probably more than we've had to, is climate. Penstemons that I used to lose every year now survive, but never still haven't done so well. If anybody wanted to know what did the Penstemons create as a carbon between 1997 and 2020, and hopefully we will have moved on, where will they look? Well, yes, we've taken photographs there in the family. As time goes on, I'm sure it's not my son or someone who follows him who will say, oh, we can get rid of these now. We've opened a garden for the National Garden scheme, the Yellow Rock scheme. They will have old booklets in their archives where the garden is described in some photographs, and certainly we appeared on their websites but will most still be accessible to anybody researching our garden history. Look on newspapers, yes, we've often appeared in those where we've opened a garden for charitable events. Those are certainly in an archive in Monmouth. And my artist's cousin is painting a painting of the gardeners and a mentor for us to take away with us. Somebody might come across that in the future. It might be sold on by the family, who knows. And I asked at the cultural college, the department that came up with their JCBs in 1997, to turn the garden over. Well, that's closed. I don't know what's happened to the accounts, so anybody that knows that they were involved back then, I'm excited that they'll find any evidence of the colleges involved. Yes, somebody could come up with a machine like I've got. I do geophysics as a garden historian. If you know the time to eat, you may have a machine that goes over the surface, and run it over the surface of ground, and it shows up rather like an x-ray of the remains of walls and foundations that lie below. So we could commission that. It's very costly. But I don't think anybody will be interested in our garden because we're not national figures. The house isn't historically significant. It will probably just disappear in time. Generally speaking, the further you go back in time, the harder it is to find evidence of a garden's existence, its existence and of alone what it's like. And for that reason, generally, garden historians focus on the houses and gardens of nationally significant people in time, and houses that have got really striking architectural features. For that reason, garden history has focused in the past particularly on the houses of kings and queens, top gorgeous, otherwise top diplomats. People have played a big part in our nation's history. Before I turn my attention to Cambridge colleges, I respect some years researching the houses and gardens of the Duke's of Beaufort. Their surname is Somerset. The current Duke is called Harry the Sunset. They were only made Duke's in 1682 before that. They were known as Earls or Markuses for Huston. There are three main houses associated with this family. Bartminton, which is the main family seat now, and has been since the 1660s. You're probably associated with the horse trials of the hell of their family, that's the Duke's of Beaufort, the main family seat in Gloucestershire. Troy House, however, is in Wales, and this family actually hailed from Wales, contrasting who's back to being Welsh, through the Herbert family and then through marriage to the Somerset family. And Troy House, which I researched in depth, was occupied by them in 1600 up until the end of the 17th century, and then finally they auctioned it off in 1901. But waiting for that, Raglan Castle, also in Wonshire, in South East Wales, was their first family seat from 1492. And just so that you can work out the geography here, this is South East Wales in the 7th estuary with Bristol here, Bartminton is here. Right on the border with England, the wide form in the border, there's Troy and Raglan slightly further into Wales is positioned there. Here's Raglan Castle. It was a wireless stronghold in the Civil War, and when it was under siege, it was badly damaged, but as you can see substantial amounts of it still exist. It has lost its roots. It's lost its gardens, unfortunately, but there are still remains of the basic structure of those gardens. Certainly in the 17th century, it was more a heist than a fortress, and it had remace knots inspired gardens, which were really at the forefront of garden design in the UK, which I'll show you now. There is a plant that exists. Often when parliamentarians took an estate, they then surveyed it to see what it was worth, and they drew plans of it. This is the plant from that time, dated 1652 by Lord Smyth. The castle is positioned here with a garden in one of its courts. They've got these huge terraces. There are three terraces, two of them are much larger than the third, and they've got bits that stick out on the terraces by viewing platforms, but all of them overlocked this great pool, Shoming Boob, which initially ended here. This funny structure at the top, I'll be describing shortly, that was added later. The great pool was formed in the valley base by blocking by damning a stream that runs along here, the dam there at this bottom end of here. These terraces, three or four years ago, they were excavated, a bit of test tranches were put in, just to see if there was anything still surviving in the way or pathways, foundations, walls, to find anything. Except, probably robbed out, local villages of Raglan, very short distance away, are known to have robbed Raglan and art and civil war for its stone, so probably ending the valley would have been taken away. But some more archaeologists can be conducted later this year, we see if that turns out to be something more useful. But on the edge of these terraces, along here, something did turn up during this excavation period, it's an edging stone and in its colour composition, it's probably chewed up, although this part is broken. Can you see that it's beveled? This is where it would have been buried in the soil, the substrate by tipping. We've got evidence of the pool existing from this account written in 1674. Then, that's the round of villages near Bada, the end of the siege in 1646 during the civil war. We're said to cut the stanks, they are both banks or dams, of the great fish pond where they have stored the very great carts and other large fish. So it wasn't just there, just for aesthetic purposes, very nice to look over a stretch of water, it was full of fish for food. We've got an even earlier piece of evidence of the existence of the great pool. It's an account of an inquest held by a prisoner on the body of a child found around in the water called the Fishing Pool, so it was full of fish back in 1465. We cite the little mother of Radlen. From the dates, it's most likely that the pool was created by Sir William Herbert, first of February, who was a key figure in the history of Wales. It always helps to know the family history, the family that owned the property, so it always helps to establish a garden in this history by knowing the ownership history of the house too. We've got this account that's survived from 1587. Trots Churchyard liked travelling around sites and then waiting up little accounts of what he'd seen. This is what he said about Radlen in 1587. Not far from then, that's Radlen Village, the famous castle fire at Radlen height stands moated almost round, that's because although the keep has got a boat all the way round it, the rest of the castle has only got a boat on one side because the other side falls away steeply where those terraces are. Made of freestyle, upright or straight as line, whose workmanship and beauty duck about, the cure is not how we've got a not garden there, or several not gardens. Wrought all with edged tool, the safety tower that looks old pond and outclaws have got old as well as old. Now we've got a fountain, a fountain trend that run both day and night to feel and show a rare and noble sight. It sounds wonderful. We have a fountain there. Any other evidence of a fountain? Well, there are two courts at Radlen Castle. One that you enter is surrounded by service buildings in the Great Hall. If you go through the Great Hall you then end up in this court, which has always been called the fountain court. It's lined by apartments that would have been for guests. This is the prestigious area of Radlen Castle and this is the location of the state of government where Charles I stayed several times and this is believed to be the base of the fountain where the fountain stood. During the Torian times the remains of this fountain still existed, but the Torian tourists being what they were, they lied mementos and they demolished this visit at the time. Sadly there are no photographs that have come to light as yet, but what it looked like should be some somewhere from the late 19th century. Another piece of evidence of the fountain's existence. This was written also in 1574. A pleasant marble fountain in the mid-sparg world called the White Horse continually running with clear water. It's another reference to it always running with water. Now we know it was marble. Why was it called White Horse? Well from the accounts we know a fountain existed in 1587, at least from that time, and again looking at the family history, most likely it comes from the time of William Sunser, third over Worcester, but there's been some confusion on who created this fountain because this is William Sun, Edward Sunser, fourth over Worcester who was a top courtier in Lisbeth and James The First Courts. He was the first member of the Somerset family to be made master of the horse in 1601. That was a very prestigious position to hold within a royal court and if you look closely around Edward's neck he's got a medallion and on that medallion there's a little white horse with a man astrided which has led people to say oh this pleasant marble fountain called the White Horse was created by him when he was made master of the horse. It sounds so plausible but remember there was a fountain there running night and day in 1587. Perhaps it was a fountain and then when Edward achieved master of the horse status he changed it to a White Horse, Marble Horse. I'm still looking for evidence of stuff who did what, but we don't know how it got its water source. I was part of the team that did this dig by the plinth where the fountain was thought to have been positioned and yes we found a stone blind trench champion. We got down to the stone at the bottom still excavating here. We found all sorts of artefacts as we did this, but this stone blind trench on the taping water to the plinth can be traced back to where the main well is in the pitch court and to the springs that wire on high ground outside of the castle walls. Going back to the plan of 1652 we dropped by the terraces in the Great Pool. What is this structure on here? Well it's a water parter. Water parter is rather like a not garden except instead of a pot being traced out by every plant there are water channels so you've got a collection of grassy flat top islands with water channels between. We've got another simple one here. The water around those connects to the Great Pool. This one was created by Edward the Master of the Horseman. That's what my research shows. Although the Great Pool was down the stream, was down the route through it to create the Great Pool, what Edward did was to then go back along the stream to create another channel so that water could flow in both sides of the water parter to ensure that it was always filled with some water during times of drought. I'm going to enlarge that. This is one of the most complicated water parters created in the whole of the UK and it's survived in the sense that the water's long since been drained away has just tripled the stream now. But there are still hunts and monks in the ground showing the outline of these islands and if you're all carefully you can get onto the Great Pool at four points. It joins up at the Great Pool and there's a little building here which appears to be sat in the water of at least three compartments. This isn't a plan of that water parter but it's one that was commissioned by Robert Cecil for his house at Hatfield. This is in the National Archives. We've got no evidence that it was ever built and might be one of rather them but it shows some similarity and that's not surprising. Robert Cecil and Edward Sunset, Marshall Houseman, Horseman were great friends and collaborators. They have houses next to the channel on Strang. I think this is a case of you can build a complicated water parter as you see mine. Note that there is a building in the water channel so these are the islands, triangular islands and we've got a building with argyllus as it is actually set in order. Remember that? There's something I'm going to show you later. Marshall Houseman also created a garden walk. It's now called the Moat Walk as it does in fact go around the moat. 15 brick blind niches. There are some more. And they've got a canopy over the top because what each one can take was a statue of her own emperor. We don't know what they were made of but there's some evidence from a member of the Somerset family. Her ratio is around between marriage and opening of family. It was an historian. She always claimed that information had been passed on to her dad through the family although there was no documentation to back it up that these Roman emperors were made of terracotta. Not marble, as was the fashion at the beginning of the 17th century. If you look at some of the other niches you can see traces of plaster coloured with a grid on, scoring of circles and this one, the remains of what was then impressive on plaster, they are the basis of shelves. So those niches were lined with shelves. So the thing about it makes it entirely sensitively then to terracotta statues rather than marble because they would stand out so well. You often come across when you're researching how sport of art is history, the family knew things that you can't prove with documentation but always listen to what they say. There are two flat areas against the walls of Wrathlenham Castle. This is one. It has been occupied by workmen's hearts for decades so it can't get any archaeology done there and there's a terrace here. This whole flat area is overlooked by the prestigious apartments of the founding court. Not only that, this also would have been overlooked by the little viewing tower here, the foundations of which are brick. Not only would you be able to go up this viewing tower to look down on the great pool which lies below here, but you'd be able to look down on here. Can you guess what sort of structure would be there? What always looks best when it's viewed from above as a garden feature and not a garden with its well, this is a not garden design, made for a good work master of horse, not that Wrathlenham, unfortunately, is kept in the river Gerdgin London. It's thought the property owned apple storage and on site it was the keeper of the bridge in Larkford. It's a huge not garden and it seems reasonable to suggest that that flat area contains a viewing tower made of bricks, most likely built by every bed floor, but it also had a not garden on it. It's too sensitive an area to be overlooked by the prestigious guest apartments, not to have had something like this there at the beginning of the 17th century. Can you see how unthinkingly mixed fashions exist in evidence with there what you know about the family and the site itself? The other flat area around Wrathlenham against the walls is this one, turned into a Bowing Green at an unknown date. It was the original entrance that used to slope up to the original entrance way back in the 15th century, but as I said it was leveled off, Bowing Green frequently visited by Charles I who loved all this, and at this time in the early 17th century when he visited Wrathlenham, the then owner, Somerset Thargyn Member, was Edward Marjolarsis, had a horse son called Henry Somerset, the fifth owner of the horse that made marquis because of all the money he gave to Charles I of the royalist course, and there was Thomas Bay living in the household who looked after the Irish religious means, but also recorded conversations between Henry and the king, and one day apparently playing bowls, Thomas records that Henry was pointing out to the king, if you look over there, that's where the home park is in the red deer, our purchase more land, so now we own as far as you can see, and over there I'm thinking of purchasing that property over there, and at this point, according to Thomas Bayley, the king looked quizzically at the marquis as if to say, small land, anyway this is what Thomas said happened next. The marquis of Worcester, opposing the king that touched upon his creed in us, of purchasing all the land which was near to him, showed his majesty the rows of trees, and told the king that beyond those trees stood a pretty tenement for what they were spinning on, and because he would not have they were spinning on to be an isle, a temptation to him, he had planted those trees to put his arms from such temptations, so we've got evidence here in the early 16th wrthys of the then owner, Ock and Byam of Radlen, doing some landscaping, using trees to alter vistas, we are years ahead of capability ground, and his style doing just that to alter vistas, going back to the plan, it shows a bridge across the pool, and there's a little building, this is a map over there that I like doing because it puts the features that you know existed years ago in the Montmallanské, so it's that plan that you've seen already, put on top of electronically, a modern osmar, so that we know where the bridge pool stretched out towards the A4 teacher in the white here, on the osmar, where I can see where the bridge is down here, a great pool and it's down, stretched out to learn what now is a modern farm, so I know exactly where this bridge was positioned in the Montmallanské, so I walked there, did a survey in the area, and then found this picture held up up in the town, which shows the castle after the civil war, where the pool doesn't exist anymore, it's drained out, but there's a little building here, which are enlarged, remember the arches in the bottom of Cecil's building on his water platter, that implies it was sitting in water, perhaps it was sitting in water on the great pool, by the mill, by that bridge, certainly the surveying and map analysis indicates that, and finally from this plan, there's a huge approach route here, this was put in by the marquis before the civil war took off, was never completed because of that war, and it was a fashion at the time to create approach routes to add even more impressiveness, if there is such a word, to for the guests seeing where they were aiding for right hand castle from this direction, sits on the hill of this syrwetif on scarp, not only that, he also added this small pool to that because now there's no evidence of any pool, was that also agreed, is this invited down? Well, there is a painting again at Barminton, when it shows this approach route after the end of civil war, late 17th century, and if you look carefully, the syrwps there, they're controlling the flow of water here, the level of water, and then if you look at a plan, a modern day plan of weather or water courses, just here is the right area for the lake that's been created, here are the water issues, they goes underground, if we look at them up over the lake and we look at it where the water issues are, yes this is what the marquis took to dam and create that lake, there's evidence of the dam itself, the sands, and I know that the red gate, the new gateway, it's actually positioned under a 1960s house on the edge of a rotten village, all done to make an even more impressive approach altering the landscape, again, years before capability ground comes on the sink, so what we've got here is my reconstruction of Ranan-Parson, as it would have been at the time, just before the civil war, I'm showing you this because it's better than for showing the scale of everything, so it's not taken from sills, this is a special software package where people don't mention something, select the type of stone that you want, so it's bringing the research together in a way that enables you to better understand the scale of everything, the great pool was a third of a mile long, it ridled that, the Camelot that is half a mile in, the water parterio at the head of this great pool was inserted by Edward Marshall of course, it's huge, that's the building that was shown in the water near the castle, there was an existing building that was at Swarksman, though it's been set in water, but I've taken its top section, it was a viewing tower to view deer hunting, and it's to the right period at the beginning of the 17th century, so I've moulded it on that, and this water parterio that travels wide enough that you could go along them in a boat, there's something shallow on the plan in the centre of the water parterio, most likely it was a fountain, there's no detail of it so I kept it as a very simple fountain, and then as we go back we're looking at the terraces archaeology as I've said hasn't told us what's on the terraces, but most likely we would have been found trees against the walls, retaining walls, these are shown on the plan, therefore the time of boats, there are man-made islands, it would have played war games here, noia machia, more battles, to be observed from the terraces or from this bridge, there's a building that I put in the water because there's evidence of those arches, so everything needs to scale, you can see how enormous that water parterio was, and as we move away you get a better impression of the size of the great pool, and we're going to stop even before we get to the bridge. End of the civil war, in common with most aristocrats, the family went into exile, either to Isle-Rhobe in France, but one member stayed, it's a child centre, the south of Everett, March of the Horse, and he lived at Troy House estate just one mile south of Monmouth, shown here in an aerial view where the house is here, the estate farm is very, very close, and then there's a walled garden on the west side, four acres, thought to be 17th century, but no, I found evidence that the walls are actually from the 16th century, as are the bee holes that were inserted, and what Charles did was to insert in the pre-existing walls a little ornamental entrance here, so he could conveniently take his guests from the house through this archway into the walled garden because it was the fashion in the early part of the 17th century to observe nature, and this little entrance is all eight, if we look at the pedestrian, Charles Murray, a local heiwress, Elizabeth Powell, and the initials Charles and Elizabeth Sunset, shown there, the cornucopia stands for ones of plenty, so all the guests would have read this knowing that within the walled garden there's plenty growth, a struck work here typical of the Jacobean Pier, inside the walled garden, that's what the entrance looks like, it's actually a little building, there's one of the 16th century bee bowls, and all of this straight to the visitors, the owner knows about architectural customs, because it's straight out of an architectural treatise done by Spastien Serio, and this is the wall that's translated for the first time in 1611 into English, and if you look at that, and you look here, you can see how similar, there's nothing else like this, and I won't even care, at least I haven't discovered anything like it, and it's the beginnings of having ornamental entrances to garden areas, using architectural fashions of the day, going to take you now slightly away from the house, into the wider landscape, on what Noesmar, the house is here, you can tell by the contour alignments that this land goes up quite steeply, to a wooded ridge full of springs, there's a little room in the building which is about 300 metres away from the house, on rising ground, and there it is, ruined because of the ivy that's taken over its top part, but it's a sheer stone, it's got a little gothic doorway, it's got a string course here, people have said, oh this is a game yarder, no it's not, game yarder's always closer to the house, other people have said it's a garden building, that they only would take guests to to take the freshments and to sit and observe the landscape around, no it's not, this is what it looked like apparently before the ivy took it over, this comes from the memories of the person who worked on this stage until the 1970s, it has no windows if you can look through, it's a tidy window in the gable end and there's one that the other end still exists, when I visited this building I scrolled to where the earth as I saw it's got in its floor and it's got this leg pipe coming in through the doorway, oh sorry, it's got a broken end and on the opposite wall there's a leg pipe going out and I traced it with a metal detector going down the hillside in the direction of the house, what this is shrieking is that this is a conduit house, there was a lead tank between broken ends and water from the springs upon the ridge would have flowed down through lead pipes along here into that tank then through a series of tanks down here again under the forced gravity to supply the house with water probably by the time it reaches the house it's coming at some force it would have been sufficient to work fountains, you need a force of water unless you're going to store ponds and because the string course on this building is so similar to that on the garden entrance chances are it was also put in by Charles Sunset he who stayed at Troy during the Civil War rather than going into exile he dies in 1665 and he leaves Troy to his great-nephew Henry Sunset and Henry when he returns from exile from Rome lives at Troy for a short time but then he inherits Badminton and it's from that time in the 1660s that Badminton becomes the main family seat but he gives Troy to his only surviving son and heir another Charles and Charles marys in 1682 and uses Troy house as a centre for in ministry on behalf of his father all the family's extensive worship service this is Troy house but this is the part that the first dude funded the building on for his son the older Troy house which Charles Sunset of the and garden entrance lies behind this section is joined onto that it faces north so I call it the north range and there are accounts held in Badminton ffarncines that show that it was built between 1681 to 84 that it cost this amount of money two and a half brand nearly and that the gardens were also enhanced at this time so it was somewhere in present funded by dad who by this time was the first Duke of Bothet made so by Charles II for the family having held Charles I so much and also discovered amongst the letters in Badminton that Robert Warren previously unknown had a hand in designing this and then Duke's house at Chelsea and altering the gardens there and you often find this as your research one property named come up that you please into discovering the history of another this is a plan from 1712 so just 30 years later that shows the real trophy here the house here and on this side a formal garden which we call an eccentric garden because it's got this demi-loon it's got this semicircle at the end from it this is what the author uses to represent an avenue of trees avenue of trees towards the trophy and they're picking up again beyond it's empty of trees it's formal garden formal garden here and here but elsewhere around orchard the next plan is from 1765 so some 50 odd years later if you get your eye there's the river trophy here's the house here's the eccentric garden but now it's full of fruit trees like the rest of the orchards around and why is that well in 1698 the sun and air the first Duke was killed in a coaching accident and because badminton was the main family seat it was decided that Troy wouldn't be occupied by the family members anymore a steward was put in to administer the estates formal gardens are exceptionally expensive to maintain so clearly it was decided some decades after that tragic accident they put the formal garden down to orchards of the all productive and less costly makes sense to me that's my theory so Troy isn't really occupied substantially by members of the Sunset family other than for hunting and fishing on the nearby river Y and eventually it's auctioned in 1901 along with lots of other properties in London show and eventually they sell it it's sold to an order of French nuns escaping religious persecution in France and within living memory it's known that they have run the house as a school for girls and more than boredom and in the 1960s on the east side of the house where that ancient eccentric garden existed they did some hard landscaping they created an eccentric garden with rockers and curvy parts and I wanted to know is this actually right on the footprint of that ancient eccentric garden so what do you think I did and that over there so here's the river dropping and I've used that as a location mark along with the house forward to overlay the 1712 land of this area with a modern OS map there's the house and the farmhouse behind it here's the nuns eccentric I hope you can see that from the back and tracing it out of the mark and now here's the ancient eccentric garden it stretches much further out towards the trophy comes back there's the eccentric of the denoun then when it returns it's returning behind what we now call the farmhouse and this is what that ancient eccentric would have looked like you could see that today because we've got a book that contains this etching this is Stansted drawn and then turned into an etching at the end of the 17th century here's the eccentric garden it's even got shoulders on the little building there like one in Troy fountain but predominantly still very formed and then just as Gilmore showed Troy at 1712 there's another new tree stretching out into the wider landscape so again here's a reconstruction so from the research I've done this is what it would have been like walking through the formal garden before that tragic accident and the house seems to be occupied by members of the family so I'm walking away from the house formality but on a much bigger scale than during the Tudor period I wonder if the fountain was worked by the conduit house system to get the force the pressure needed and then at the midpoint of the denoun we've got land on the trees as shown by Gilmore stretching out towards the river Trophy and picking up the distance beyond and as we swing around with back at the house the east elevation of the house some of these walls still exist and I know that because of the map over there and getting the scales adjusted and what was fashionable at the time before that tragic accident late 17th century hedging material turned into little buildings some of the garden buildings this difference in level still exists to this day and before the nuns built a chapel in this position within living memory it's known that there was a garden entrance there and then what I have got time to tell you about is the map regression comparing maps across time and surveilling this area I know that there was a water parter here but not a complicated one like 17th early 17th century by the end of 17th century they tended to be just stretches of water this gives you hopefully an idea of the scale of the barn all these walls still exist that's where the orchards were on the plan and then as we come to land down here that's what the front of the house looked like it was stuck out originally and this poor colours is the emblem of the juice of both foot which because it's in danger of illiterating people was changed to a statue of the virgin marriage to exist the house has not been occupied for at least three decades now but to them is the main family seat and I have little to say about it because there's so much written about it and researched on it and we have got some evidence for you to look at at the end of this talk large body of evidence however even though Udminton House where family letters key pieces of information are kept in their archives there's very little that predates the 17th century it might well ask why so much is damaged and lost during the Civil War but there are limited etchings and paintings of Udminton and its estate its gardens and its design landscape there are garden plants and plant lists accounts and diaries lettered written by various people after they visited and more recently loads of photographs this is a lovely picture of Udminton on this side if you are very carefully you can see that there are bones here so this was the location on the bowling cream most likely at the beginning of the 18th century certainly late 17th century um this one which we can't date accurately to 1699 though the cream is here this is so typical for fashions of the tale late 17th century between fountains I decided the front elevation of that house and there because we've got deer here deer were allowed to come and be close to the house as indeed they are today and this is a plan that you'll be able to see in the volume that contains it Britannia Bear Strata of the formal gardens around the house the house is just here imagine the expense of maintaining that but then Henry I of Beaufort when this was created by him at his wife the first studies in Henry he was the second richest man in England the first king and this is a plan of the gardens at the time this is Cectic Udminton and I've outright part of it in blue so I can enlarge it to show you the writing we've got the garden and kitchen garden there we've got grass a pond and underneath here it says current garden so these are all seven rows of white black and red colors the church is here dwarf trees is written here and up here we've got the melon garden that's just part of the plan in Britannia, Britannia Bear Strata we've got another a chain of button and where the house is here there are formal gardens and then it shows all of that surrounded by these avenues of trees that would have been used for riding along but also symbolically have meaning in that badminton has influence throughout the nation it's a cosmologically inspired garden this design landscape similarly anyone anything of substance always finds its way it's the center of what's happening in the late 17th century of course there are issues in bit of technology I think it looks much better much better than it's colored because then it can cover up the areas of woodland you can see the writing better so we've got a deer park here there red deer we've got a thalo deer park here another red deer park here a Warren down here and I think the rides show up better I'll get to do a video reconstruction with them well I hope from what I said that you've got perhaps a better idea of how garden historians research gardens histories