 with Idri under the AMD project also so I'm very happy to be here with to share partly of our research under the project. Yes. Yeah, so well I'm Firoz Islam. I work with Waghanen University in research in water and food team with Catherine and others. Yeah, today I'm an hydrologist. I work with the different kind of models. Yeah, today we'll talk about yeah methodology we are trying to set up to identify salinity and others and their impacts. Thank you and let's start the presentation. I do not know who will be the first. Please. Okay, Eskere, my presentation will be the first one. So please let me share my screen. Yeah, just wait for a while. So do you see my screen now? Yeah, we can see your screen. Okay. So I tried to manage my time to be like on time in 15 minutes. So thank you everyone for being here with us for the presentation. So today I'm going to present with the topic. This one like this is partly under the contract, the work with the AMD project. So this presentation is about the land use chain in the Mekong River Delta reasons in Vietnam is under climate impact. So I believe that most of you have already knows about the Vietnamese Mekong Delta is located in the very southern part of Vietnam with the areas like 40,000 square kilometer and the living of more than like 80 million people. So as you may know that the Vietnamese Delta is like prefer as the rival of Vietnam. So it's accounting for 54% of Vietnam total dry cultivation areas. And in the annual, it's contribute like more than 55% of the national dry productions. And at this moment, the Vietnamese Mekong Delta have challenged a lot. It has a lot of issues under the climate impact. So the firstly, you can see in the picture of the the first picture is showing the two historical flooding that occurs in 2000 and 2011. This way is to consider a flood in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Sorry. So can you see my screen now? Can you see my screen now? We are now looking at teams in your screen. We could see it before. Okay. Okay, now we see the presentation, but not in presentation mode. Can you see it now? Yes, it is back. It is back now. Okay, right. Can you see it now? Take it not long. Okay. You take it. Sorry, I was just... You take it. I'm sorry, let me share my screen again. It's okay, please proceed. Yes, it's perfectly legible. Carry on. You are muted. Okay, I think now it's okay right now, right? Excellent, please proceed. Okay, yeah, okay, thank you. And also along the court July, we see the extreme starlight in Doshan is what happened in the years of 2015 and 2016. And the more recently starlight in Doshan is what happened in the year 2019 and 2020. So it is this area. And also together with that, it's facing with the land subsidence with the house both areas of the subsidence is about like 40 to 50 millimeter per year. And also following the projections if the city level right until like 100 centimeters and then around 47 percent of the Mekong Delta will be reached until a light of flooding. So in this concept, we have already like divide the Mekong Delta into three agroecological sub-prison. The upstream, like the first zone is including Angyang and Dontaprovin. It's like this area, the first zone is affected by flooding. And this area is the key area for the dry productions. And also like the second zone is the coastal area. It's mostly contaminated with the brackets in short water. So in these areas, mostly it's promoting for to develop the aquaculture and the dry aquaculture rotation system. The third reason is the middle zone. It was like mostly the fresh water. And this area is more suitable for the fruit growing also like dry productions and the fresh aquaculture. So in this seminar of presentation, I tried to review how the land used in the Mekong Delta in specific of time like in the year 2000 until 2011 and 2020. So on the data, like on the map is what collected from the rigorous project of our departments and also the land use map in year 2022. It's the output from the AMD project. So it's on together we overlaid and we see the land use dynamic in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Together with that to understand like what is the reasons behind we have also collected a publication, the book or the policy or strategy to see like what is the reason behind the chance being. And this is the land use map of the Mekong Delta in three periods of time. The yellow color is stored in like the rice areas. And like you can see this is two maps in 2000. 2011 is what collect from the river project and the land use map in year 2022. It's the product from Erie. So in this analysis, we try to see in the spatial and temporal where it's what happened, the land use dynamics, where it's changing, what is about why it's changing by flooding by solar induces or the economic impact. And also we try to look for what is the strategy for sustainable developments. In here, we can see this is the land use map in two years, 2000 and 2011. So the light color, the light yellow is stored in the double dry rough and mono dry rough. The dark yellow is stored in the triple dry rough. And like the blue color is stored in the apaculture and stream dry product and you can see here. So we see like when visualized, we see a lot of changing. But when we put in the GAF to check the changing in the overruns, we can see like in the Horn Vietnamese Mekong Delta is have about 22% of error have been changed. And the highlight of changing is what found in An Yang, Brovin, like it's about like 10% it was convert from the double dry rough to triple dry rough. And also we can see it like obviously very clearly it changing in along the King Yang, Brovin, it's changing from the mono dry rough to stream dry around like 2.8%. And also like along the Cotolines, we see in back view, Sok Trang is around 2% of error which will change from mono dry rough to apaculture. So and also we like the same thing we are doing in the year 2011 to 2022 to see the changing. And quite similar we see in this period, second period is about 24% of the error will have the land view change. In that the records also will see in the double dry rough in this area like An Yang and Dong Ta, Brovin, it will continually convert to the triple dry rough. And in but inverse the stream dry in this area in Ca Mau, it was convert to the aquaculture. And also we found like the significant change from triple dry rough to root trees also in the east of Mekong Delta. And also we found like in Choc Trang, we have changed from the triple dry rough to double dry rough also here. So to understand in each sub reason, we have a device and we have check in each reason. And then we can see in the upstream in the first reason. So mostly in two periods of time from the first and second periods, mostly it's changing from the double dry rough to triple dry rough. And mostly like how could they plan to dry like triple dry rough because in this area is building a lot of agriculture infrastructure. Like you can see this is the yellow one, the dark yellow is the high dye system. It was already built up in this area for triple dry rough and also the low dyes it was already contrast in this area. That's why in whole of the upstream sub reason, they could like have planting the triple dry rough and it was convert mostly from double to triple dry rough. And in the second reason we can see is like mostly, firstly like in the first period in the Kinyang province is quite specially it's convert from the dark color is so in mono dry rough to stream dry and then until the second period it's going to convert from that stream dry to aqua culture. Like mostly it's convert to the aqua culture. And in here we also see that like mostly it's have like stream convert to aqua culture in these areas. So the most highlight is like the aqua culture and stream dry is the more suitable under like to like the suitable farming model to reduce the risk of drought and salinity in this area. In the other hand for the third reason, so we can see like mostly it's convert from, this is the fresh water shown. So it's convert from double to triple dry rough also. And mostly we can see in the orange color is convert mostly from triple dry rough or double dry rough to the fruity. So the fruity is like mainly increasing in the fresh water zone. So in general we can see in the whole period we can see very highlight in the upper stream zone mostly the double dry rough is always convert to the triple dry rough. And in the fresh water zone, the second zone is where convert from even though double or triple dry rough to the fruit tree or radiance. And in the third zone is the salt water zone is always convert from very beginning in mono dry rough then turn to the stream dry and then it's turn to the aqua cultures in most area in this may call delta region. And to understandly like how it change in and what's the mechanism is effect to the changing like it's because not only on the water management the water characteristics, the soil characteristics and also the policy or the strategy of our government is also plays an important role. So in the year we have already list like the main policy that impact to the land you change in the Vietnamese may call delta, especially like in the year 1999 we have also have the master plans for the flood control and also the water use. And in the year 2000 it's also this also like the resolutions in this year is also emphasize that we need to focus on the dry production volume. But until the year like in the year 2013 when we have the may call delta plan is also like it's already shifting the policy plans like we come this like train to work the agro business industrialization to make the very advantages for the may call. And I think it's also very high line for the may call delta agriculture transformation program it start from the Goldman resolutions 120 in the year 2017 and also the following action plan in 2019. And that's like kind of shifting away from target production volume to work the full potential of delta. And we turn to focus on the quality product and value acting functions. So in general in a period 1999 to 2013 we focus more like Vietnamese may call delta charts as we focus more on the dry productions the flood and salinity control project. But from 2013 to 2015 the transition to work to increase the value of agriculture product and efficient efficient of resource utilizations. And since 2016 up to now the transition to work the multi functional agriculture economies and we are more focused on the adaptation and to turn ability. So I think that is quite kind of a very short time for me to have like briefly how the land use the dynamics in the Vietnamese may call a change and under the climate impact. So I hope like you can get more understanding on how land you change in the may call delta. And thank you for your attention. Any questions like it's came from so any question and discussions? Yeah, thank you. Shall we go for any question at this moment or we'll finish Feroz's presentation and then we'll move for the question. Catherine. Yeah, well I see two hands. I see also applauding hands. So we would like to communicate that to our speaker as well. Thank you very much for a very interesting presentation. I'm requesting the people with the questions Monaranjan and Mike please put your question already in the chat so that we can move straight away to the presentation of Feroz so that we get all the questions at the time and then kind of come back to this very interesting presentation. Would that be okay to you, Johan? Yeah, I think that's fine. Excellent. Okay, Feroz, please go ahead. Okay, I'll try to share my screen. Let's see if I can do it or not. It's always a challenge. Something is coming on my side. Yes, I see slides and I even see them in presentation modus. Please go ahead. Okay, so I'm Feroz Islam. Today I'm going to talk about the methodology we're trying to develop on identifying global saline hotspots and vulnerable areas to increasing salinity. With me in this team, we have worked together with Catherine, Dr. Hester, Judith. Yeah, I am an hydrologist. I introduced myself before. But for this presentation, I would like to talk a little bit about salinity and its impact then followed by what we want to do and how we wanted to do it in methodology and then discuss our results and analysis a bit and what we want to do in the future. So what's our plan for this year and coming years? So we know like salinity and droughts are two more significant threats and challenges for global food security and biodiversity. And salinity is already impacting food production significantly and we see that almost a billion hectares of land around the world is actually salt affected. And with climate change and sea level rise and anthropogenic changes, the scenario will be worsened a bit more. So I think what's needed to be done is to see where the hotspots are, which may require more attention. But when identifying the hotspots, depending on saline data, we need to take into account both soil salinity and water salinity. While doing the literature review, we have seen that most of the cases actually takes either of this. So maybe combining would be a nice idea. And it will be nice to see, okay, which are the vulnerable reasons to increasing salinity, meaning like if salinity increases, these areas will be mostly affected. So our objective was to identify these hotspot areas, depending on the salinity data that we can get and then try to understand what will be the impact or potential impact on crop yield and then try to combine different indices to identify the vulnerable locations for increasing salinity. To achieve this, we first collected data on soil salinity and water salinity, made the salinity map and tried to identify the saline hotspot areas, locations around the world, depending on this data. Then we combined the indices of weather and climate data and water availability and application data. We normalize these indices before combining and with the combination of these indices, we produced vulnerability maps and try to understand, okay, these are the areas vulnerable to increasing salinity. Then combining that with the global cropping pattern, we tried to see, okay, these are the crops are being grown in vulnerable locations, vulnerable to increasing salinity. Then we tried to combine salinity map, global cropping pattern and impact of salinity on crop yield to see like what will be the potential loss of crop yield. And then combining these two, I don't know if my, okay, I need to. Yeah, combining these two, we wanted to see, okay, which crops are least tolerant and they're being grown in vulnerable locations and how much crop yield loss are they having potentially. So to do that, we first start with salinity data collection and producing the salinity map and identification of the hotspot areas. So we tried to collect data on soil salinity and water salinity. Of course you can see like the availability is scarce, but it's the data driven model. So it depends on how much data we have. So when combining these two, what we see are like regions such as GCC states and coastal regions of Bangladesh or India and both coast of USA and part of Mexico and southern Europe are actually largely impacted by soil and water salinity. Then we move on to collect data on the indices on weather and climate and water availability and application. So for whether we collected like precipitation, temperature, evaporation and coastal flooding data and for water availability, we tried to collect groundwater depth, soil moisture, irrigation type of irrigation is it surface water, groundwater and change of water availability and come up with a vulnerability map. So we tried to collect data when it's available in the literature. If it's not, then we try to collect data on from satellite imagery and analyze this ourselves with Google Earth Engine and go through a bit faster, I guess. And then combining these, we can see we produced a vulnerability map, vulnerability to increasing salinity. What we usually see here is that the GCC states and the areas, we have added regions and where there are like flood irrigation, so surface irrigation, those are actually more vulnerable to increasing salinity and also the areas which has already high temperature and high evaporation. So then we tried to combine this with global cropping pattern and see which crops are being grown actually in vulnerable, in these vulnerable locations and combine salinity map, global cropping pattern, impact of salinity on crop yield to see which will be the cropping yield loss and where are they. So for this we explored for three crops, so rice, wheat and maize. Among these three actually wheat is the most salt tolerant and maize is the least salt tolerant but when we project that on our vulnerability map what we see is that even though maize is the least salt tolerant, it's being actually cultivated more on most vulnerable areas than wheat. So that's really interesting to see because if the salinity is increasing in these areas, then the production of maize might be more at risk than wheat. Then we tried to combine data from FAO which shows like the impact of salinity both soil and water on crop production and to see how much potential loss there can be globally. So what we see that the maize as it's the least salt tolerant crop it will have like most productivity loss. So that's our methodology. For next year we want to improve our methodology and especially we consider the weightages for our indices as equal. So we would like to see how different weightage impacts our analysis and we would like to use our methodology in more regional cases if data is available and see try to validate that and adjust our methodology a bit and for now we are using data from the past or till now we would like to collect for data for the future and see which areas will be most vulnerable in the future as well. Yeah that's about it but I would like to end with this slide this was two pictures we took from our field trips in Bangladesh in May when the salinity is the highest so the green areas are actually in a bit inland and the Bern land is a bit south it's the pictures of two areas not that far from each other at the same time it shows like due to increasing salinity actually already some coastal regions are being adversely affected they cannot grow much and it's affecting their food security and livelihood opportunities thank you and these are the references Thank you very much Feroz for a very interesting presentation too again I am referring to the chat already questions are kind of coming up there I'm now still looking at yeah I'm getting the speakers back in my screen so then we can move to the questions I think we can start with the question of Mike Mike do you like to come in to ask your question yes hello thank you very much thank you for two great presentations very enjoyable my question to Fankyo Diem is in the chat but the reason for asking is that mangrove forests mangrove ecosystems provide a natural nursery area for freshwater and marine fish species and as such they do provide not only a natural barrier to storm surges and cyclones, typhoons but also this added value of providing a nursery area for young fish both finfish and shellfish they can be a highly valuable resource which could be managed so my question is is there or do you think it would be sensible to have a set-aside scheme whereby land is given back to nature so that mangrove takes over and provides some of these ecosystem services thank you thank you thank you a lot Mike for a very interesting questions so this is actually the investigate of the natural basal oceans for the starline induces like adaptation plan also is also paying a lot of attention of research in the Mekong Delta also so as my experience I do know that we have a lot of projects for the mangrove forest restoration in the Mekong Delta also where we select the location to like planting redraw the mangrove forest along the coastal line especially like in the in the east sea so because like actually in the east sea it's facing a lot with the erosion also so we are trying to have a lot of projects also to planting the mangrove forest also and as my understanding in some periods to location the area of mangrove forest also increasing like in very private time it's like decreasing but in recent time like there are some areas it's increasing also but still the questions where we choose to not storing the mangrove forest still our research is doing on that and we have a kind of different backer like GIZ also working with us and different like angel project also coming to work to like for the size selections to actually ecosystem service in the mangrove forest area also thank you for very interesting question and it's like very like like it was consideration it's also very highlight in our area also yeah thanks very much okay so now we may kind of move to the second question there is a second question of Mona Ranjan Mona Ranjan would you like to come in and ask your question yes can you listen me yes okay thank you very much my question is that in most of the the Nekum Delta in the Vietnam you showed that the intensification occurs from 1 to 2 to 3 but in some places from 2011 to 2022 you showed that the triple crop area reduced to double crop area may I know the reason for this go back to double crop area yeah thank you for your questions as in the home period there are a lot of changes from double crop to triple crop in very upstream reasons but in the soft trunk along the cut to light in the second reasons we have also the changes from triple crop to the double crop also so that's partly of changes in the period of 2011 to 2020 is partly by the CSMAP evaluation it's like report by the department of agriculture and rural development so actually it was done by Erie in the river of time also they do the CSMAP to see what is the grid and what is the adaptations also in partly of that the main of reasons like the triple crop is always convert to double crop is rotations with one like annual crop like the watermelons or the other like annual crop in the third season is more effective in terms of the economy because like in the third season dry season in the county it's not very high like effectively in terms of production so the people they tend to change to the other annual crop season so it makes more profit for farmers so that's the main reasons in the Vietnamese medical data yep does it mean that intensification happen but due to diversification from 3 to 2 that means rice cropping number reduced but overall the intensification increase is that right like hard season probably now is being used for watermelons or for other crops so meaning that you have three crops but probably one crop is not rice is another kinds of crops is that right yeah in actually in some area the third crop season is ahead convert to the other annual crop but actually in the reality there are some areas our government our science is like incorrect too sometimes it's just leave for the third crop it's just let the land like recover or like it's not kind of always happen to convert to the other crop some areas it's just convert to double crop but some areas like they convert to double crop and one rotation with one annual crop yeah it happen to a different way in Sok Trang province yep I do not know that both the presenters for heroes and you do you have any study in that saline you know for the salinity is increasing like salinity increasing crop loss we are sometimes considering rice production is reduced other crop production is reduced but you show in your presentation that eco culture production is increasing probability stream production is increasing so in terms of production loss one calculation but income gain is there any figure that the farmers farmers do they have income gain from the salinity inclusion because if we consider the case in Bangladesh in some cases crop production reduced but eco culture is a new intervention they are growing streams so overall income has been increased so of course actually your observation from that salinity prone areas should I respond yeah so in my observation you are right in some of the southern borders in Bangladesh the stream culture is growing but in most of the cases stream cultures are being done by large farmers so the land is being lent by the farmers to do saline stream culture which affects the salinity intrusion in the end like in some of the polders over the years they couldn't do anything anymore because shimp had like viruses as well but the issue what we also saw in some of these reports recently conducted by water development board as well is that like the shimp cultures require less labour intensive work than like the farm culture then the people, landless people they don't have enough to sustain and then they migrate to somewhere else so there was a study published in one of the scientific journals which compared two polders one which didn't do stream culture at all didn't let the saline water in polder 21 and polder 22 which did only the saline stream cultures so in the end after 10-15 years of stream culture that polder couldn't grow anything anymore but the polder which didn't let the water in is still green and growing like crops but it's just two polders so I'm not sure whether this has been done across the coastal region but there are some studies okay thank you for your answer I see a hand of monoranjan is your hand related to this point monoranjan yes please go ahead I think you mentioned the polder 22 that was a stream culture across the whole polder stream farming was there some killing also happened to not to grow sheen by the sheen by the sheen of heroiners but now the that area we are conducting the research in polder 22 it is green two crops the main crop is rice for season definitely and the second crop is the water melon we are trying to introduce other crops like maize, sunflower but farmers are very much accustomed to grow water melon if you see the crops that are developed because it's a council that polder entirely a red zone for dry season farming but people are growing 100% area are under crop cultivation now in dry season okay thank you for your thank you for your addition this matter I think that's very relevant we didn't give Diem the opportunity to respond to the question would you also like to respond to the question yeah I think it's just respond in terms of like the case study in Vietnam actually we say that it's like because of the starlight induces happen so they have to convert from like double rice wrap to rice cream but in the reality the income of this farming model rotation with cream is much higher than compared to dry cultivation only this like in the reality in the main corn delta and in some areas some like people the farmer they are like converting themselves or they do not need to wait the Vietnamese government to like encourage them or to push them themselves they have their own ways for the adaptation they convert and then sorry to interrupt you but then they convert to rice plus shrimp in some areas they double rice wrap they convert to rice cream and some areas they convert from rice cream to cream only like intensive cream so but like because of the income is higher income so yes thank you very much very relevant point to bring up I also saw the question there is a particular question from Alice Laborte about the presentation of Feroz I think Alice would you like to come in and ask your question Hi I just want to ask because sometimes in saline prone areas in saline prone areas sometimes they are affected only in certain months of the year did you look into the seasonality because sometimes if you know during the monsoon season with a lot of friends then it's no longer an issue okay and Alice am I correct that your question was particular to Feroz or you also wanted to ask the question okay Feroz yes please go ahead yeah so this is a data driven study so we have done where data was available so we didn't have like seasonality data for the whole globe but when we will be focusing on a specific region such as like Bangalore delta or Mekong delta if the data is available we like to go more in detail in seasonality as well and I agree that salinity varies as well so the data we have used are mostly like decadal average of per year so yeah that's what we had available at the time and please it's also a request for everyone here if you know like a beta data set that can help us in this research that will be extremely helpful for us to let us know that is making good use of the opportunity to ask feedback thank you for doing that that's indeed what why we are organizing this kind of sessions right that is not only to show what you have but also to ask your question what others could help you with thank you for bringing that forward we have a hand up from James James would you like to come in and ask your question yes so I think my question is mostly directed towards the M sorry which is I think the point you raised a second ago around the fact that salinity is actually causing farmers to switch to away from rice and towards rice shrimp or just a shrimp and that's actually increasing their income and I think that slightly switches the narrative around the impacts of saline intrusion in the Mekong Delta which is generally viewed as having a negative impact and obviously it can if it's not very well controlled and if it gets into as rice fields but you know affected infrastructure can support that and as we're seeing these shifts take place already with government support or in areas where there isn't government support yet but farmers are deciding to do it what are the risks that you see and what risk do we need to be monitoring in terms of this widespread adoption or transition towards rice shrimp and what kind of research areas do you think emerge out of these new set of risks that might emerge from this transition Thank you very much for your questions so in the really some kind of risk like when we convert in the saline intrusion strands we convert from double rice rub to rice shrimp and even the rice shrimp to the aqua culture so in this when we do the or we talk with the local people they're kind of the things that happen for the first one or two years they have converting to the shrimp it's very good productions of shrimp but if they may continuously long term it may lead to lower production the producers may be reduced if they continually cultivate the shrimp that is one thing that we have upstairs and also the environment issue is also results from the aqua culture cultivation farming model also because during the stream the aqua culture cultivation they have a lot of like kind of output from the aqua culture is lead to environment issue in that area so that's a two main point that I was like sees until now but maybe it's add number of more still I think yeah need to be considered in like for the future or long term if we going with that farming model we need to consider maybe just a follow up do we know why the aqua culture production does start to fall after a couple of years is it through sort of contamination of the area where they're producing yeah is there any more insights into why that's the case yeah I think for the detail like of that I think I need to like do the more review to have the very specific but I think like the contamination and also the the soil quality like it's also effecting if we are continually like doing the aqua culture farming system in long term so the soil also like the soil quality also it will be effect by this yeah so and I have also one this is a feedback from the farmer they says that for example if they are doing the aqua culture farming model in one or two like year and then they return with the dry stream so it's more effectively for the falling like higher production for the falling aqua culture but if they keep continually for a year of aqua culture then the production is like reducing so that is also the feedback from the farmer during future that I got yeah so I think a lot of like yeah a lot of things for our scientists to do in this area to see what will be the certain able farming model for these reasons yep yes we also got in the chat an answer by Mike Mike would you like to share what you are putting there because I'm not sure if everybody sees the chat okay yes what I was saying is in relation to James's question and the reply from Diem which is quite right that the the shrimp production drops off typically this is because of a toxic build up of sludge and if it's not handled properly which can be quite expensive then it stresses the next crop of shrimp they're more susceptible to disease and the production drops off under ideal circumstances the toxic sludge may be placed on the rice plinth and washed by the first monsoon rains to reduce the toxicity and lower the salinity and that is what happens during seasonal shrimp rice production in other words the fertility the organic matter from the sludge is used but the toxic anoxic part of the sludge is mitigated by the rain but of course that is labor intensive and expensive so as a production system it often moves into this boom bust scenarios where production tails off thank you thank you very much for that clarification and giving that additional information with an eye on the time I need to stop you for asking more questions but that brings me that we do have a platform for after presentation talks and exchange I am linking to Jahan for coming in with the overview of the talks for the rest of the year Jahan I will invite Aysen because who is compiling this line up this year so Aysen are you there Aysen is always there what would we do without Aysen so Aysen please continue can you see my screen yes so we already have the lineup for 2024 but there's still some open spots for other members to share this is the initial list for February we have the delta talks live during the AMD annual meeting and for March we have the inclusive water governance in Bangladesh for April we have the salinity and livestock in the delta for May it's open most likely our colleagues working on Dcast will present on this and then for June we have the food safety in the delta for July so this is close to my heart for August we have managing data on salinity the experiences in salage program and then for September it's open so anyone in the group who is interested just send us a message and then for October we have the watering systems in the delta and for November and December it's still open and then we posted this in the comment section so we have the delta after talks we posted there like a question related to our discussion today and everyone is invited to make a comment or add some some insights regarding this conversation so this is co-presented by our partner from the netherlands food partnership so you can visit their site and then we will send you the full announcement soon through our newsletter and also through our website we will also put the links to our previous delta talks from last year and thank you so much for attending every time we send this invitation sorry for spamming but we just want you to we want to have more attendance in the succeeding delta talks again thank you so much thank you very much Aysen for this very concise bus stop information passing by if people want to list a topic for a still open time slot feel free to mail to Aysen already in the chat I see that the climate action in AMD work package 3 could present possibly in May that would be very interesting so that will be followed up in between people and also thank you for bringing up that we like to invite more people so in case you want to invite other colleagues feel free to share the invite as well as you may also refer people to just drop a mail to Aysen because he's always very prompting then putting people on the list so it's not only for one time but they can also be on the list for the other sessions of course very excited that the delta talks will be live in Dhaka I do not know how many and this call will be there but that will be of course a very interesting opportunity Feroz and I hope to be there as well from our side so we are very excited about that and also good to note the Netherlands food partnership the link to the kind of after party it's also in the chat the link so you can kind of easily click to it and see, post your questions kind of I don't know exactly how it will work but let's try it and let's come back to it in our next session that's all from my side at this moment I'm handing to Jahan for finally concluding nicely within the time of your all business schedules okay yeah thank you Catherine you know when actually I said I was presenting I found that some of the spots are open actually when I saw it in the last night because work back as two members are discussing among you know ourselves for two or three presentations so already I booked you know some of this open spot from May September probably you know some can conflict with like work back case three also wants to present in May so we can actually discuss and fix the schedule so that's not a problem but it's good that almost everything is already booked you know for this year so thank you all for this very informative presentations thank you to presenters and we are looking forward to apply this knowledge in AMD and also in the next business cycle that we are thinking about so thank you all have a nice day and night to everyone thank you bye bye thank you bye bye okay thank you bye bye