 So this is going to be a demonstration of the temporal region and its contents. So we have completely dissected out of the temporal region So let's start right from the superficial and go deep. We can see this layer of fascia here This is the superficial temporal fascia, which strictly speaking is not a part of the temporal region this is lateral extension of the glia upon neurotica and we can see that the glia is thick in the middle and as it goes laterally it becomes thin So this lateral extension of the glia is referred to as a so-called superficial temporal fascia Surgical textbooks call this same fascia as the temporal parietal fascia Incidentally plastic and cosmetic surgeons call this SMAS subcutaneous Muscular aponeurotic structures of the face and they use it for various plastic and reconstructive surgeries And we can see that running in the temporal parietal fascia are these neuro vascular structures namely the superficial temporal artery The superficial temporal vein and the auricular temporal nerve So this is outside the temporal region and we are going to reflect it now I've reflected that a bit away and I'm going to reflect the superficial temporal vessels also now We are in the temporal region proper this facial that we see in front of us This is the temporalis temporal fascia true temporal fascia or the deep temporal fascia if we use the word temporal fascia We refer to this this is a very thick structure and we can see here Because this patient had undergone some surgery in this region We decided to reflect this deep temporal fascia from below up rather than from above down So therefore we have incised it along its attachment to the zygomatic arch along the Zygoma and we have incised it along the frontal bone and we have incised it posteriorly also and now I'm reflecting it And when I'm doing so we can see that it is very thick here like the superficial temporal fascia This deep temporal fascia is also attached to the zygomatic arch as it descends down. It splits into two layers One layer gets attached to the outer margin of the zygomatic arch the other layer gets attached to the inner margin of the zygomatic arch and this gives a very strong Counter traction from above to the downward pull of the masseter muscle Which is also taking origin from the zygomatic arch having reflected this temporal fascia We can see that the temporal fascia is attached to the Superior temporal line the superior temporal line forms the boundary of the temporal fossa Superior and posteriorly and we have retained a little bit of the attachment here to show the deep temporal fascia or the temporal fascia Proper then we see the content of the temporal fossa or the temporal region Most important and the largest content is the temporalis muscle Before I go to the details of the temporalis muscle Let me now tell you the other boundaries of the temporal fossa the temporal region the superior and posterior boundary I have already mentioned is formed by the superior temporal line anteriorly we have the frontal bone and the zygomatic bone inferiorly We have the infrared temporal crest of sphenoid which we cannot see because it is covered by the temporalis muscle Laterally we have the zygomatic arch and the floor of the temporal fossa Also, we cannot see because it's covered by the temporalis muscle is formed by four bones which form the tion namely the frontal bone parietal bone Greater being of sphenoid and the squamous part of temporal bone And the tion is located somewhere in this region Where it forms a roughly edge-shaped suture So that is the floor and the roof of the temporal region is formed by this Deep temporal fascia or the temporal fascia proper now. Let's come back to the content The most important content as I said largest content is the temporalis muscle itself the temporalis muscle Takes origin from the inferior temporal line, which is just below and parallel to the superior temporal line Again in this patient because there was some surgery done. We can see that in this region The temporal muscle is missing and there are some plates and screws and pins here And this is the other margin of the temporalis muscle This temporalis muscle has got two sets of fibers The anterior set of fibers are vertical and the posterior set of fibers are oblique and almost horizontal And all these fibers then converge in a fan-shaped fashion They go under the zygomatic arch and you can see my finger is going under the zygomatic arch and it's coming here The muscle fibers also travel the same way and under the zygomatic arch they get inserted onto the Coronoid process of the mandible and there's a small elevation just below the coronoid process of the mandible Which is known as the temporal crest. So they get inserted onto the temporal crest That brings me to the action of the temporal muscle anterior fibers because they're almost vertical They are responsible for elevation of the mandible and therefore they close the mouth The posterior fibers which are oblique and almost horizontal They are responsible for retribution of the mandible apart from that the temporalis muscle also is responsible for small Side-to-side chewing movements of the same side. So these are the actions of the temporalis muscle The lower supply of the temporalis muscle is the branch from the mandibular nerve that is cn5v3 Which is the deep temporal nerve and the arterial supply is the deep temporal artery Which also is a branch from the second part of maxillary artery these structures. They are located In the deep aspect of the temporalis muscle Before I conclude there's one more point. I wanted to mention My finger is in the depression here in the face which was filled by the buckle pad of fat And if I put my finger deep inside we can see it is coming out from here Likewise, if I put my finger from here it comes here This is the space which connects temporal fossa to the buckle region and vice versa During life, this place was covered by a thick pad of fat called the buckle pad of fat And this buckle pad of fat extends under the zygomatic arch and it also fills part of the Temporal region this buckle pad of fat is used by cosmetic surgeons for various reconstructive procedures And it is this one which gives the chavichik appearance to children. It helps the children to suckle milk So that was also present in this region when we removed this temporal fascia It was filled with fat and which we had also to remove. So that is all about the temporal region Thank you very much for watching. Dr. Sanjay Sanyas signing out David who is a camera person if you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day