 zinc oxide nanoparticles, ZNOMPs, are increasingly used in various industrial products and have become popular in biological applications due to their excellent biocompatibility, low toxicity, and economic benefits. They have shown promising potential in anti-cancer, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, and bio-imaging fields, with their ability to induce cell apoptosis, release zinc ions, trigger excess ROS production, and keep the structural integrity of insulin. This article was authored by Gene Wang, Jiang, Jiang Pi, and GSCAI.