 కరామాలా పీల్రిమాన్మత్నే ఆరంనం తదిపాసిందుతార్ల్రింట్నకి కాడ్మికిందాసి పీయాన్. అారినిఅదానం పంంనింనినికా. నికర్ర్చుసి ఆల్వనం క్న్చ౅ల్చలిల్చుధోచకింవర్చికెకుచుమికోర్చ్డలినిెకల్చదములిమ్చుర్చుత్టోచరెచెలికువనిక్చర్టుగనం అంచ� the agro climatic research center at Tamil Nadu agriculture university and let us see how this case study was done and we can see what was the result. So today's class we deal with case study in India and the adoption of brother based crop protection and crop management. This is very very important area to be noted then only confidence with the farmers will be built up. Now let us move to the case study. We have taken a rice crop. Now before going to the case study in reality I like to say something on this case study. In India if you cultivate rice there is a season. So the observed weather during crop growing season would affect rice grain yield whether positive or indirect that we have seen already. So it is necessary to fine tune of our agro advisory so as to reduce the risk. This is an important area where we have to do our exercise. As I indicated that at Tamil Nadu agricultural university for Tamil Nadu weather situation we have developed a 54 selected weather windows. So this was tested and I like to focus only 1 or 2 weather situation that prevailed during the rice season. As I indicated earlier the study was undertaken by agro climatic research center in Coimbatore. So by taking this case study it is possible to reduce crop protection risk under open field condition. Let us move to the next slide. So here we have taken rice nursery, farmer A is there, farmer B is there. What is the weather situation which was studied? That is anticipating wet spell of 6 days with rainfall of more than 10 millimetre per day. So 10 millimetre per day means you will be getting 60 millimetre forecast. The crop of the stage is just now the seeds were sown in the nursery that was one day old. So one day old is a situation, rice crop situation, it has a 60 mm rainfall. How the crop weather interaction X is there? If the rainfall is received in reality the germination will get affected or the nursery will be get affected. So as per the study the sensitiveness of the rice crop stage that is the sown stage to rainy weather, undissimulated weather is 60% in terms of failure of the nursery. Why this was happening? Because of the summer salting of the sown seeds, seeds are on the surface of the soil. When the amount of rainfall of 60 mm received means it make the seeds to summer salt that will bring 60% loss in nursery production. So what is the agro advisory proposed to be given for this situation? This is to irrigate the nursery during the evening hours anticipating the rainfall and morning next day morning drain it so that a cushion is given through water over the sown seeds. The rain crop does not affect the rice sown seeds so you can keep the seeds intact without any damage. So this being happened when irrigation water is given in the evening and drain it in the next day morning this you can do 2-3 days this is very important. Do not repeat it on all 6 days because the plume of the rice will come up that will take its protection, the radical also goes into the soil that will gives the strength to the rice nursery. So you may say that sir this may happen to a single farmer or 2 or 3 farmers who have sown but do not think like that you take at the village level, you take at the block level, you take at the district level, you take at the state level the area is large. When this agro advisory is practiced by the farmers because only rice is and only all farmers going for nursery. It may be 10,000 hectares so if you do your agro advisory the 60% loss will be eliminated by doing this agro or by practicing this agro advisories. Next example also I would like to give it so that you can have a strong confidence on the agro advisory which is being prepared based on the weather forecast. Here in the anticipated weather situation wet spell of 6 days with rainfall of more than 25 millimetre per day around 150 millimetre you can anticipate in the 6 days. What is the stage of the rice here, the rice in the tillering stage, tillering means the rice wants to put its more biomass when water is more the tiller production is getting affected. So you are going to get 150 millimetre of rainfall in the coming 6 days and the rice it does not more water for this is a tillering stage. So they have estimated that 15% of the tillers will be affected so it must be protected by doing the agro advisories. What is the agro advisories, provided drainage is very very simple, you make the water to get out even though you get rainfall the water will be draining out automatically if you provide a drainage it is very very cost effective and also inexpensive. So this was done by as a case study this was done in former A condition and former B condition after that we came to conclude that whoever did or do agro advisories they are able to reduce the crop protection risk. So this is the lesson we have learnt lot. So what I like to say is prepare the weather forecast, prepare the agro advisories and find the ground reality situation so that crop protection risk can be reduced up to 60% that was the lesson learnt from this case study done for rice. Thank you very much. In the next class we see some more examples for some other things. Thank you.