 And first of all, I want to say distinguished guest, panel of speakers, everybody involved. First of all, thank you for picking Ireland, and thank you for spending your time to come visit us. We are excited to King's day and night to be co-chairing or co-facilitating this discussion. But before we begin, I think it would be remiss of us not to thank everybody involved, particularly the co-chairs of the IOM and the Government of Ireland, including Maureen and Larissa and all the team who put this together. And of course, everybody behind the scenes that helps us put this event together. As you may have guessed already, I have a strong Irish accent, so I apologise in advance to the interpreters. But when I hand over to King's day, you would actually be surprised that we're from the same country. So what we're going to talk about today for a couple of minutes is just to get a sense of what happened on day one of the summit. Because obviously this is the second day and the in-person component of the summit. And what's exciting for us in many ways is to think about it. When we think about where we were 10 years ago, and I think if you look across the range of interventions this morning, it's quite clear that the road ahead is exciting, but there's also some really important global collaboration challenges ahead. So we have to think about that at a policy level, at a programmatic level, and also in terms of the partnerships that we need to move forward. But one of the things I would say, and what I was struck to me very early on on Friday, was a very powerful line. And I think it encapsulates what we've heard about this morning from the range of governmental interventions, is that diasporas are part of the collective tissue of humanity. And I think if we think about where we are in the world today, and finding issues that find genuine global collaboration, when we just look at the numbers and we've heard them all this morning, but when we think about the definitional inclusion of diaspora as next generation and multi-generational, that 281, 282 million actually becomes multiplied. And what's really fascinating, I think it's a human experience that has touched every country, probably every city, and most families around the world. So there's something inherently powerful about what we're talking about this morning, and about where we can go moving forward. So just to get it going, one of the greatest compliments I was ever given was that I was called Kingsley, Jr. And Kingsley sitting across the table for me. And in life, you have to be lucky enough to have people around you to help you on the journey. So what we heard about on the first day was across six different sessions and four technical working groups, from a range of conversations and topics ranging from humanitarianism to data, to culture, to economic capital, human capital, social capital. So what Kingsley and I tried to do was to put together just some key takeaways that we think encapsulate those. But, you know, at my heart, I'm a bit of a boring academic. I get to write the walk. Kingsley has very much walked the walk in terms of his career and having lived in, I think, six countries, Kingsley, over the, over your life cycle and particularly working in diaspora philanthropy. So I want to maybe just hand over to you, Kingsley, because I know you were involved in that session to kind of give us a sense of, for you from day one, you know, for everybody that maybe didn't have the chance to dial in or just want to reflect about how this should get reflected in the outcome document. For you, what were the key takeaways and where should we be looking in terms of where we bring the sector forward? Well, thank you, Martin. I can take off the headphones now. You know, it was a day of energy in the three E's, energy, enthusiasm and empathy. It was really an outstanding day of contribution from lots and lots of people. You know, we covered a lot of territory and one of the early sessions I was involved in was diaspora philanthropy. And I think that's really interesting. It was defined on your papers as time, treasure and talent. Some people talk about as private wealth for public good. Sometimes described as the kindness of strangers. The one I like is planting trees under whose shade you will not sit. And that's really nice. Deep historical and religious roots, in fact. But the exciting thing for diasporas is that we're going to be entering into now, you know, a really extraordinary period of sustained growth in philanthropy in general, but also in diaspora philanthropy. You know, we sometimes say life is about going from struggle to success and from success to significance. And that's the period people begin to think a bit more about things like heritage and ancestry and affinity, all those sorts of things. Because what we're seeing now is an extraordinary accumulation of wealth in the Western world, particularly people aged 60 and over. And this has been driven by the phenomena we're entering now is the intergenerational transfer of wealth. The greatest cash of wealth in the history of mankind now in the hands of these people who have to make a choice. What do they want to do with this wealth? And there's only three things you can do with this wealth. You can give it to your children and that's going to happen if you are a member, as Warren Buffett said, if you're a member of the Lucky Sperm Club. If you're just so happy that your family are very wealthy, you're going to inherit wealth. The second thing is you can actually pay the money to the government in taxes. But the third thing is you can give it away. And that's why we're seeing an explosion, the early days of explosion of diaspora, philanthropy, Accenture wrote a report that was called the Intergenerational Transfer of Wealth. You can read it online. It's called the Greater Wealth Transfer and said that just in the US alone over the next 25 years, $30 trillion would be transferred intergenerationally. And so the exciting thing about this is that if you position yourself correctly, members of your diaspora are going to be in this very elite club in many ways. And what's happening now is that structures are being developed around the world, in the US, the UK, Australia, other countries to allow for the very tax efficient giving of this money away. And much of this money has been going and can go to projects overseas. And with the emergence of what they call donor advice funds, there's over a million of these funds in the United States. There's $180 billion in these funds. They gave away $37 billion last year. So I think that was really one of the exciting things. And in many ways, Martin, a model exists for diaspora philanthropy. And the model is the university alumni model. And that's all about getting small contributions from a large number of people and then a very large contribution from a very small number of people. And it's that kind of 90-10 rule we know from business, et cetera. So I think that was one of the most interesting things that came out of the first day. And, Kingsley, can I ask you a question? Because for me, kind of dialing across, because the sessions went in parallel to each other. So we kind of divided and participated. What was really interesting to me was that no matter some of the subject topics that we were discussing in the sessions, certain teams did emerge. And one of those, for example, was around the role of government. And we've heard it already this morning. How does government create those enabling environments? And one of the things that came out quite strongly for me was, particularly in the technical working groups, was how do we get governments maybe talking to each other more regularly and more often? I think that can be a key outcome of the summit. But also, how do we work through building the right type of institutions for their actual engagement, the right type of policies? And particularly, I think what was important and really amplified through a lot of the sessions was obviously the role of diplomatic missions and embassies and consulates. So I'd love to maybe just quickly unpack that to get a sense of, when we think about what does this look like at a policy level and an institutional level and some of your reflections of the conversations of that sense. Yeah, I think there's two elements in your question there. One is, what's the role of government of diaspora engagement? Should they be implementers of these programs and policies, or should they be facilitators? We in Ireland tend to come down on the side of facilitation. The government should be benign supporters of what's going on. They don't need to do everything. Governments don't have to do everything. But they need to create the enabling conditions. They need to be supportive of the efforts. Two weeks ago in Washington, a private philanthropic organization that I used to work for called the Ireland Funds had a major event attended by the President of the United States, Joe Biden, attended by Nancy Pelosi, attended by 60 members of Congress. But with the full support of the Irish government, the Irish Tea Shocker Prime Minister was a guest speaker. I was meant to be until he got COVID. And you had an array of official government supporters there. So it was a neat little joint effort between a private philanthropic organization and the government. That is a good, I think, a good example of this sort of thing in practice. But I think the other question you ask is, what is the home within government of diaspora engagement? And probably the natural home for it is the Department of Foreign Affairs. But with a whole of government engagement approach, so maybe some sort of consultative body that engages all different sides of government. Because you see, Department of Foreign Affairs, they have a distribution structure globally. They've smart people around the world. They've got funds to engage in programs. They have, what I think is to use your expression, Martin, convening power, you know, an invitation from an ambassador, an invitation from a consul general, carry some clout. So I think that they have that opportunity to be in that, but they're the only Department of Government that have that international kind of network that's out there. So my experience is a benign relationship between the two, which is all about sort of facilitation rather than implementation. And Kingsley, can I quickly kind of reflect that I should never see this as an academic, so I apologize in advance. You know, but you're a big believer in diaspora engagement is non-competitive. And we heard that this morning, I think as well from the colleague from Mauritius, in the sense of course, what also kind of struck me just across the first day was just the vibrancy of the sector. You know, and as somebody that's passionate and spends a lot of time researching it, it was actually quite inspiring for me not just to hear about the different work of different governments, but diaspora organizations and civil society. And please keep your comments coming in online because we're keeping track of those as well. And what was fascinating for me was that, you know, we have governments at different stages of the engagement process, some beginning, some a little bit more advanced. And how do we kind of work that through? You know, and I think for me, that's where that diaspora diplomacy, not just in terms of governments engaging with their diasporas as a country of origin or a residence, but diaspora diplomacy is that government-to-government piece. I think it's critically important because as you say, it's non-competitive. So you have to phrase copy and steal everything. Okay, which, you know, in academia, it's called plagiarism or not allowed to do it. So it's important to keep, you know, looking what other governments are doing and how does that push forward and move forward. And I think coming to that, I think the biggest question we always get, Kingsley, in our work, and it was the very first session is data. How do we understand who is the diaspora, where are they, and what are they doing? So do you have any reflections in the sense of, you know, just your interpretation of the conversation on Monday of some key reflections in that area also? Well, I think there's two questions there. One is data, and it's the who are they, where are they, what are they doing? And the brutal reality is most countries don't have that information. They have bits of it. And it's in lots of sort of different places. The other challenge is that who owns that data? You know, who has control of it? Who can use it? You know, when I was working in the US running a diaspora organization, we built up a database of over 100,000 supporters around the world, but we were not willing to share that with other organizations because they would want to use it for their own purposes or they'd want to use it to sell products or whatever it is. So I think that that's an interesting challenge. Of course, technology is changing everything. There's 800 million people around the world are on LinkedIn. So at a click of a switch, you can find out. There are ways of digging into big data to find out where your diaspora are. There's a whole subject of onomastics. I think you're familiar with onomastics is the study of the tracking of people by their surnames and countries have distinctive surnames. So I think that we're entering into a period now where there are ways and techniques of finding out and answering that fundamental question of who are they, where are they, what are they doing? But we still have to deal with the issues. Who owns that material and information? How can it be used? Thank you, Kingsley. And I think you said a word that was a topic of another session. And I think it comes across many different areas, the sense of digital and technology. And I think what we're seeing is, there was a very powerful quote from Samaria from Metta who said, you know, technology is arguably the 21st century sector that's going to transform diaspora engagement, which is quite a powerful concept when you think about it. And I think it leans into a couple of other considerations that came out across the days for me. And I think one of them was next generation and how they're beginning to connect and convene and coordinate and get active in terms of diaspora engagement. And also I guess the next logical question, because it links the data as well to a degree of, you know, who would it write type of partnerships that you need around the table, particularly from the perspective of government? Because I think the exciting thing for me, at least if I was sitting in a governmental office and I don't know if I'll ever be allowed into one in many ways, is, you know, when you begin to think of who do we need around the table to help us execute? Because to me, that would mean governments don't have to do it on their own, which is quite exciting when you think about it. You know, particularly if you're at the earlier stages of your diaspora engagement journey. So just that sense of digital next generation and partnerships, I think that ties it together. And we may make my close with some key kind of factors for success from day one. Yeah, when you talk digital, I think we all love our technology. We all realize the extraordinary capacity we have to get data. But I'd be a fan of diaspora engagements about being high tech and high touch. And if you ignore the high touch stuff, you're really ignoring what drives people, you know, which is a passion, interest, a sense of belonging, you know, all of those soft elements that people have towards their country of origin or ancestry or affinity. So I think that we got to get the high tech, high touch thing in balance. And you know, I completely agree with you about the next generation because they live their lives differently. They connect and communicate differently. So there needs to be approaches and policies and strategies in that area. And one of the things we set up was a young leaders program which attracted lots of people under the age of 30. And then in terms of your final question, I think with Stuart partners, and of course governments are involved and foundations are involved. And you know, nonprofits are involved and high net worth individuals are involved and academies are involved. But I think there's one element that we've yet to really score heavily in. And that's the corporate sector, the multinational corporate sector. I don't think they yet see the benefit of this. Some sectors like travel or tourism, yes. But I don't think the technology sector really got into it. I'm not sure the pharma sector got into it. The buyer sciences got into it. So I think there's a job of work to be done there, Martin. In fact, you know, I think one of the challenges we have in diaspora is that many people don't understand the word. You know, I was talking to Russell Daglish who chaired a wonderful session on Friday from the Scottish Business Network. And he said, you know, four years ago, I'd never heard the word. I didn't know what it meant. He said, I thought it meant something you take with a headache. So I think there's a piece of work to be done there. And then there's that other piece of work, you know, migrants in diaspora, you know, what's the relationship, what's the difference? There's some issues there of definition. Just maybe then Kingsley to close because I'm conscious of the time we're keeping the conversation going. You know, if we really unpack different topics that we talked about, you know, everything from climate to issues of fragility, humanitarian crisis, to networking, to data, you know, if we had to really identify maybe just three key factors for success. And I think we're the lens to what we're achieving in the outcome document in the sense of why now is the perfect time for this outcome document? To really have governments and different actors sitting around the table in a coherent and consistent way to really share their expertise, both good and bad, let's be honest, you know, if something's worked, something's don't. So just maybe that sense of, because for me, I'll begin, I'll let you off the hook, I'll begin in many ways. You know, for me, one of the things that came across was just the incredible depth and range of work from governments in terms of services to the diaspora. And you know, and quite often because of the linkages to international development, we often think about engaging the successful members of the diaspora, right? That's where the natural focus tends to be. But I think we've heard already this morning that it's also about, you know, supporting maybe the more vulnerable members of the diaspora, whether that's in terms of, as migrants or later generation in terms of diaspora. I think what's incredibly important for me was that issue of institutionalization and really thinking about what does this look like in a policy, and we kind of reflected on that earlier. So there were kind of key takeaways from my side. I think we can talk about the programmatic approaches and things like that, but particularly with a view to the outcome document, any key takeaways for you before we kind of go into a more detailed overview of what that process to develop the outcome document was. I think one of the things I was emphasized on Friday is that there is no such thing as a Spanish diaspora, New Zealand diaspora, Scottish diaspora. There's many. And you do have to segment your market. You do it in all sorts of other businesses. So I don't see why shouldn't be applied to diaspora. There are many different diasporas, got different needs, different desires, and you have to deal with them separately and differently. That'll be the first thing. I think I totally pick up on your point about diaspora strategies and engagement policies have to be about the successful and the vulnerable. You've got to win acceptance in this area. And if you ignore and make this just purely the successful, then it becomes an elite approach and that sows the seeds of its own decline, I think. And I think the other thing that's come out as well last Friday was that diaspora isn't necessarily about a country, but can be about a place. The place could be a region, a town, a village. You and I did some work in Bosnia recently to do with high-tech investment from the diaspora, and they discovered through this project that they didn't necessarily want to go to Sarajevo or the big cities. They wanted to go back to the places where their parents were from or where they were brought up or born. And so that whole notion of diaspora equals place, I think, is fundamental. Perfect. Kingsley, thank you for your interventions. And I think people will also recognize that Kingsley has forgotten more about diaspora than I know. So I always pick up some interesting pieces from Kingsley as we go. But I think what's exciting for me, I used the word earlier about a vibrancy in the sector. And I think what's really fascinating from the perspective of governments are either as a country of origin or a country of residence, but also across the continuum of engagement to include diasporas. I think if we think about where we were with the first diaspora ministerial forum to where we are today and thinking about where we could potentially be in 10 years' time, I think we're at a particularly significant moment in time for diaspora engagement as a sector. And the next question for everybody around the table, I think, and everybody dialing in online and getting involved, is to think about how do we put some shape on that? How can we put together a future agenda of action to help us really think through what we're trying to achieve in this? So the director general this morning mentioned that we're working towards the outcome document, but it's not a new document. It has been a phased and iterative process based across many different regional consultations and many meetings with technical staff that I see sitting behind me and sitting across the room. So thank you for your participation and your energy and that. And I think what would be helpful now would really have a think, just a very quick intervention from the IOM just to give us a sense of what that looked like in action and the sense of the process together as to where we are today before then we open the floor for considerations on the document and get your lunch. Roberta, the floor is yours. Thank you very much, Martin. I'll try to be brief because I know that everybody's hungry. But as Martin mentioned, within IOM we supported a series of regional consultations in preparation for this event to be able to garner inputs and insights for the outcome document, which we'll be looking at shortly. These regional consultations were held virtually and they were structured around working groups that looked at the four different capitals which we've been discussing on Friday, so economic, social, cultural and human capital. So within each consultation we had working groups around these four issues. The consultation in the Americas was part of a two-day workshop that was organized within the framework of the South American Conference for Migration. On the second day, the 17th of March was focused on the preparations for this global diaspora summit and counted with the participation of the Regional Conference for Migration which covers Central America, North America and the Dominican Republic. We had over 50 participants providing inputs into that session. Then we had a regional consultation for Eurasia and the Pacific on the 22nd of March, again virtual, and that one counted with participation not only of government officials and representatives, but also diaspora organizations. We had representation of over 100 participants from Australia to Austria and everywhere in between. And finally, we had a Pan-African consultation that took place last week on 30th of March. It was done in cooperation with the African Union, so very pleased to have your support and have your participation here today. And with that consultation, not only did we have governments and diaspora organizations, but also UN agencies and other partners like the African Development Bank. So these were the main consultations. Many of the themes that came out, we saw coming up today and on Friday. So I'll just touch on these very briefly. In terms of policy, data, having better data to understand the different groups within diaspora since they're recognized that they're not a homogenous group and also knowing more about their contributions. The importance of facilitating political participation, especially through streamlining processes, was also highlighted throughout the three consultations and ensuring implementation and monitoring of policies. So not only having them on writing but making sure that they actually work on the ground. In terms of programmatic points, the challenge of resource mobilization was a recurrent theme, which we all recognize. And supporting the capacity building of diaspora organizations as mentioned across the three consultations, empowering diplomatic missions to have a more active role in disseminating information, communication with diaspora, but also supporting diaspora organizations and communities through coordination with other local actors. And as been mentioned several times today as well, the need to reach second and third generation was also highlighted throughout the three consultations. In terms of partnerships, the importance of internal coordination was raised not only horizontal coordination between ministries and other agencies like election management bodies, but also what we call vertical coordination between national and local levels. And of course the cooperation between countries, especially countries of origin and destination was highlighted several times across the three consultations but also the importance of other actors as Martin and Kingsley rightfully pointed out, such as academia, civil society and private sector, especially through chambers of commerce. So this is just a quick overview of that process of development. Thank you very much. Thank you, Robert, it was incredible. Can I quickly ask you something that anything surprised you in the sense of the consultations? I have to say that the consistency of the issues, we're talking about the regional consultations but as I mentioned in the case of Eurasia and the Pacific, we're talking about almost half the globe and really what we found is the other issues really came up all the time and time again were those same points that I mentioned there. No matter where we were talking about, whether we're talking about the Pacific islands or the Caribbean or South America or Central Asia, same issues kept coming up about data, about building trust, about making sure that policies are addressing the needs and aspirations of the members of diaspora. Incredible, thank you, Roberto. And I think what we got a sense, I just want to reflect on a question in the chat as well. It was for Kingsley but I'll jump in Kingsley if it's okay with you. In the sense of what do we regard as a successful diaspora engagement initiative or process? And I think one of the key skills in diaspora engagement is listening. And I think what we try to achieve through the process to develop the outcome document is that active listening process. You know, I think it's something that we can do much more of as well in terms of the lens of diaspora diplomacy. So the good news is that having done all the work and this is the researcher in many ways, we've identified a problem, we've set the context and now it's about trying to understand how do we put something together to help us achieve this and address those issues together but not just address the issues but to explore and accelerate the opportunities. So on that note I would like to thank everybody for their participation, their inputs, particularly in the early processes to get the document to where it is. Most importantly, enjoy the rest of your time in Dublin. You may find Kingsley and myself walking around the streets saying the word diaspora. We're kind of known for doing it. But on that note I maybe hand back to our moderator and facilitators and we can take it from there. Thank you.