 Okay, I think we can start now. What do you think, Massimo? Can we start? Yes, we are just ending the last slide. Okay, that was the last slide. Okay, so good afternoon everybody. It's a pleasure for me to welcome you all here. We are celebrating today the 2021 Spirit of Salam Award. This award was set up by the family of the founding director of ICTP Abdul Salam in 2014. And it is announced annually on the occasion of the ICTP Salam Distinguished Lectures, which also takes place on the birthday of Abdul Salam on the 29th of January. And of course, my great predecessor, Abdul Salam, he is primarily remembered for his scientific work on this electric unification for which he received the Nobel Prize. But his family wishes him to also to be remembered for his spirit and his humanitarian passion and his real deep commitment to making science available to the world at large, which is in fact what ultimately led to the creation of both ICTP and Tuas. And this award is given to anyone within the ICTP family of scientists and non-scientists. ICTP Tuas, administrative staff alike, who have gone beyond their duties, so to speak, to assist and support each other and to who have worked tirelessly to further Abdul Salam's mission and vision for cooperation, promotion and development of science and technology in the developing world. And the deadline for the 2022 nominations is fixed on the 15th of December 2021. And you will find the details to nominate the candidates online on our website. So we strongly encourage the staff to nominate colleagues because the award recognizes the work and dedication of, you know, people in the ICTP family. And I'm very pleased that this year we have Professor Hilda Serdeira from Argentina, Professor Muhammad Hassan from Sudan, and Professor Gregorio Medrano, a senior from Spain. Many of you, I mean, these are familiar faces, many of you know them very well. But I will now give the floor to Ahmad Salam, you know, a very close friend of the center and the son of the Salam to introduce today's winners. So Ahmad, good to see you here. Likewise. Thank you, Ateesh. Thank you very much for those very warm words of introduction. I'm absolutely delighted to be here. In the name of Allah, the most gracious the ever merciful. It is indeed a great honor and a great pleasure to be with you again today. Though sadly not in person. I miss not being able to attend these events in person. The ICTP means so very much to me personally and the whole Salam family. As many of you have heard me speak before, you know that our history with ICTP, and my own memories of ICTP could write back to the earliest days, even as far back as 1965, when I was a very small boy, when we first visited Trieste, and even visited the Piazza Oberdown office and there are not many people left to make that claim. Of course, ICTP has come a very, very long way since those early days. But one thing I do believe has remained constant, and that is the spirit of Salam. You also heard me say before that I believe my father's most enjoying legacy. It's not the Nobel Prize, but it was his role as a champion of education and science and developing world. Nobel was a means to an end. And the end was to bring science and technology to all. And the ICTP is a unique, shining beacon of the best example of Salam's legacy. Share effort and time father put into the creation of ICTP was amazing. And I was able to see this firsthand. He struggled so hard to set up the ICTP and then fought again, incredibly hard to keep it alive in the face of great adversity and indeed great opposition. He was the most focused and committed man and would not give up. And he worked tirelessly to keep ICTP alive and on track. He would literally travel the world, arming, persuading, cajoling, and if required, brow beating to get what he so firmly believed in. And yet he always made time for his colleagues, staff and his students. As you know, father split his day to be into three, one third for the administration, one third for the staff and students, and one third for his own work. He always took great interest and pride in everyone who came through the door of ICTP. And indeed, in the early days of ICTP, the coffee bar used to be the first floor restaurant. And father would have a table in the corner overlooking the carpet and a small sign on the same director's table. But he would always be there every lunchtime and any student or any member of staff was always invited to come and sit with him and talk to him. And he always kept an open door policy. He would do his utmost to help, mentor and guide all those in the wider ICTP family. And it is this commitment that we celebrate with the Spirit of Salam Award. ICTP came about because of the massive need, which anything is even more relevant now than it was in 1964. There was a huge gap then between the developed and undeveloped worlds. And 3S had an incredible strategic importance of being the first port in Western Europe if you came from the East and the last port in Europe if you came from the West. The world was so very different then. There was no global communication medium as we have now. Yet despite the challenges, father made it his life to work, to take up the challenge when others opted for a simpler, easier life. And he was never afraid to take up a just cause and a real challenge. And in order to fulfill the ambition of the ICTP, father went well beyond the call of duty. His every hour was spent thinking of how to help, guide, support and mentor the smartest minds who just happen to be in the wrong place due to an accident of birth. And it's this spirit of sacrifice well beyond the norm that we wish to remember and perpetuate and to celebrate in the spirit of Salam Award. We want to recognize, applaud and encourage members of staff, whether administrative, academic, we make no distinction. We wish to remember those and recognize those who have gone out of their way, gone beyond their job description to help support and mentor others. Many of the visitors to ICTP, this is often their first time outside their home countries. And so the warmth of the welcome from everybody they receive at ICTP is so very important. And this spirit is set from the top down, and at each we have a most worthy leader who sets exactly that example. This award is given at the discretion of the family. Winners this year are most worthy and we're delighted to welcome them to our little exclusive club. Before I introduce the winners, may I just reiterate what Atish said. We really want all of you to nominate those who you feel have gone out of their way to help and guide you, whether in the cafeteria, the restaurants, the guest houses, the drivers, IT, maintenance staff, the library, the secretaries. Indeed, anyone please do take trouble to nominate them. Father drew no distinction between anyone who helped someone else. That is the message of Islam, helping and working for humanity. And he helped every single person that he could. Now to turn to this year's winners. Muhammad Hassan is a distinguished and highly influential advocate for science and developing world. He was an early career mathematician from Sudan. Father recruited him to come to ICTP. In 1993, father asked him to help organize a foundation meeting that would establish class in the world of Academy of Sciences. That was a huge undertaking. The first founding fellows appointed Hassan, the first executive director in 1995. And he remained in that role for 26 years, becoming a very close advisor and close friend to father. He developed twice his worldwide network that have had such a far-reaching impact. Hassan has been a long-term friend and collaborator father. Father picked him as a man with charm there. And above all, a drive and steely determination. A big fuss from just an idea to reality. I strongly believe that father knew Hassan, he would have someone who could learn the art of networking, building bridges across communities and delivering an incredible organization. Hassan has delivered and helped build to us into the fine organization it is today. He has worked tirelessly in the spirit of Islam to further education, science and technology for all. He has led from the front and always been willing to sacrifice himself and his comfort from more noble cause. I know father was very fond of Hassan and was very grateful to him for his hard work and effort he put into building the strong foundations of class. For a personal level, in the last few days where the father was ill but determined to carry on working in fiesta, Hassan took such great care of father as if he was his own son and father was his own father. And were honoured to award Hassan with his spirit of Islam. Gregorio Mandrano-Vecencio from Spain is a physicist with a long history of collaboration with father. He was a frequent visitor to ICTP. Inspired by my father, in 1980 Gregorio proposed a creation in Spain, the Centre for Energy Studies, which would have established a wonderful triangular forum between Spain and the Islamic world and Latin America. Unfortunately, the project did not materialize due to political changes in Spain. However, I do believe the idea still has great merit and potential and indeed, as we know now, such a centre is desperately needed for energy studies. Gregorio is another long-term associate and friend of father. He lived and breathed the spirit of Islam and believed in the need to build bridges and build a great ability. And whilst Gregorio may well have been heavily influenced and inspired by father, he also followed his own path that always kept the ethos and words of father in sight. If the Centre for Energy Studies had become reality, it would have allowed a part of the Islamic world to gain a seat at the top table of intellectual excellence, a role it desperately needs, and would also have given Latin America a much-needed boost and step up to also develop relevant expertise and excellence. Gregorio dreamed the dream of this centre, and I have no doubt that father had been able to work with him. The two of them would have made this centre an absolute reality. It needed father's head-down force of personality and Gregorio's pragmatism and understanding to make the reality. We're delighted to have Gregorio to join us as part of our spirit of Islam family. Third, but by no means least in any way, Hilda is severe of Argentina. Hilda, of course, was a scientist and I think he is a condensed matter detective until her retirement in 2004. In addition to her scientific work, she developed an amazing e-journals delivery service, a tool that allows scientists and institutions in the least or low-developed countries to access current scientific literature, of course mainly in the fields of mathematics and physics. The articles are sent as email attachments, so to reach individual scientists, not have access to sufficient bandwidths to download material from the internet in a timely manner, or cannot afford the connection. For us, it is a matter of great pleasure to have Hilda and her contribution be awarded the Spirit of Islam Prize for this year. She also has embodied the whole spirit of ICTP with father and everything that she has tried to do in her life. No person should be denied access to intellectual stimulation, support and knowledge, and Hilda has made that her personal goal to ensure she can do the utmost to develop this. She worked tirelessly and without wanting any recognition for her work. She worked passionately to make the delivery service a reality and ensured access more. The platform Hilda helped to create can be scaled up beyond just mathematics and physics, and it will be wonderful to see this happen. It helped to live a part of father's vision of access of information and knowledge for all. It is the simplest idea, beautifully executed. In many ways, Hilda and Bodhi's Spirit of Salam were thrilled to award Hilda the Spirit of Salam Award for 2021. All Salam family, my sisters, my brother, the Salam grandchildren, the one remaining brother of the Salam, all joined me in congratulation, Hasan, Gregoria and Hilda. Thank you so much and may God bless you all. Thank you. Okay, thank you very much, Ahmad. Maybe now we can, should we proceed with, maybe let's proceed with Professor Hilda Sardaria. Okay, well, thank you very much. I am really very honored for this award, which reminds us of the vision of Professor Salam and of having contributed in the small work to his idea of how they, of how they had to be. First, let me tell you, let me, before I start, let me congratulate Professor Mohammed Hasan and Professor Gregoria Medrano and Selmi for their indeed extremely good work on behalf of the federal. Well, Professor Salam had the firm conviction that it is not financial help that will get countries out of there under development, but what it will get them out is the enhancement of sciences. Providing scientists in less developing countries with scientific literature much needed to perform the work was always a priority of the center. How many times have we been there as researchers carry lots of copies, Syrox copies, obviously of paper, which in those days, Professor Salam allowed people to copy as much as they needed. There were those who come to the center and spend much of their time copying the necessary literature. But times had gone by and the needs are different. And so I will just tell you part of my experience, which ended in the special project that we call the General Delivery Service for which this award was given. So I will, so let me tell you, in 1998, I visited a few countries in Eastern Asia under a third world Academy of Sciences, Lectureship in Science and Sustainable Development. So one of the countries that I visited was Mongolia. It was, remember, it was 1988. October 1988 to be exact. And when I visited the National University in Lombard Town, it was almost seven years after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. Mongolia had been left all by itself and isolated. For the political reasons known to everybody, there was no much interest to help Mongolia, which in those days was not economically attractive to the developed countries. So it's not easy to describe the situation of the country without being unfair in many ways. Therefore, I will just tell you what happened to me at the university. So the country was in help with social areas. They hardly get any help in the hard sciences and the internal funding was very limited. The laboratories were old, they had no journals, and even the Russian journals had stopped after 1991, and they received almost no visit. The faculty members had a solid preparation in physics. Most of them had studied in the ex-Soviet Union, but had no way to keep up with the literature. And the level of teaching was very high. So I went there, I gave a seminar, which was expected to last an hour, as usual. So they were eager to know all and every detail. I was explaining the topic and I was interrupted because there were things I was mentioning that they had never heard about. So they will stop me and say, could you explain what that is? And so I had to explain things from a whole range of topics in physics, and I was constantly interrupted because of that. They were eager to know what had happened in science in the world since 1991. So I did the best that I could because obviously I was not knowledgeable in all those topics. But what was incredible is that seminar lasted for five hours. So I will never forget in my life that seminar. I thought it was so rewarding to be able to do something like that. But then I was extremely impressed with the breach in the availability of scientific literature. So when I went back to Tuesday, I was in charge of the donation program. I mean, in everyday discussions of all the people working in the program, we set out to solve the problem. So we set out to find the solution, not necessarily to solve the problem. So the problem in front of us was access to articles due to lack of funds to pay them. So a very low bandwidth. Remember that we were talking about 1998. And another problem that still happens today, which I know it is very much because I work with the group in the University of China in Cameroon. So that is unstable electricity network, but that's something that the ICTP cannot solve obviously. So then, as you know, one thing leads to another, and you talk to people about your ideas. And then finally, we managed to engage Martin Bloom, who was at the time the editor in chief of the physical review of the American physical society into collaboration on the solution. Martin was very worried about this problem also trying to find the solution from their own point of view. So with his help, which was incredible. And of other well-known publishers like Elsevier, Peter Bormann was the president, and he was also very worried about this problem. And he had a hard time convincing the company, but eventually he did. This one really from the Institute of Physics and a very good impulse from Paul Ginspar, who was a creator of their type. So with all that and the convention by Paul Ginspar that probably that shouldn't be just my idea, but it could. We had to, she said to me, why don't you put it? Why don't you do it yourself? You know, that's essentially asking for people to do it. And so then he convinced me that I can do it. So I went back home. If that was at the conference, I went back home. And then I was I was told by a colleague of a special software that Enrique Canesa and Clementonime can just develop and that people could navigate the internet without the browser. This was called the WWW for mail. And after that, after that, okay, Canesa and Enrique were happy to help. And we started working on this. And we also engaged Carro Fonda to implement the whole system. So eventually with it, and the this so-called e-journal delivery service or the JDS for short, we started to work in January 2002. The key factor was, apart from the technical difficulties, was the exchange, the delicate arrangements that we had to do with important publishers, because eventually got a lot of them working with us. And it was that they were able to appreciate, they found quite appealing. The fact that we had the delivery service in which what we were delivering were articles. And therefore, there was no risk for their business because we were only allowing people from the least developed countries to use it. And therefore, there were those sort of institutions, people would say that we don't pay for them anyway, because there was no way they could pay for them. So eventually, we were able to come with this system that it worked, that it worked, and many people lost it. And that it's still in working today, and it's in the hands of CISA. And we thank very much CISA for being this. And the thing is, nowadays, I mean, many of these people in many of these countries, the internet at least got much better. And we know very well that although no publishers are not very happy, there are ways in which people manage to get the literature that they need. So we, I want to finish by thanking all the collaborators, which I please must know, will you show the slides? Thank you. So I want to show all the collaborators here on the left. Upper left is Enrique Canesa, and on the right is Clemento Numec, who were the ones who developed the software and then worked very hard to make this working. And then the people who are working at the donation program without their help, this could not exist. And those are Lluisa Pesud, Rafaela Corona here on the left, and Nasiri Iqbal, they are all retired now. Nasiri is back in Pakistan. So here if I'm California, who's still at the ICTP, and he really helped us very much to manage to put all this into effect. Then from outside we had Lesko Drell from Slack in Stanford University, who helped us to monitor the internet, how well the internet worked in developing countries. He was doing it in a similar project itself. So then Marty Bloom, who I really have to thank dearly because without him, this would not exist. And Peter Volman, who was at the time president of Elsevier, and he managed to convince such a company in Elsevier to help us in this. Well, thank you very much. And I thank the ICTP for giving me the opportunity to work on this type of thing. And let me thank especially Professor Eri Otozatti, who at the time he was the acting director of the ICTP, he gave a very big impulse to the press. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Hilda. Actually, you may be happy to know that we will have an Institute colloquium by Paul Ginsberg next week on the sixth of on this general topic of distribution of scientific information. Okay. Okay, so may I request now, Professor. Yes, we can hear you. Okay, I'm trying to get the first. Yes, we can see the slide also. Yeah, this is the, I want to show the face I cannot. The first one. Okay, I, I, the first one is not appearing so anyway. Well, good afternoon, colleagues, dear friends. Thank you, Attish. And thank you, Ahmed, for the very kind introduction. I am really very honored to be one of the recipients of the 2021 Spirit of Salam Award. I sincerely thank the family of Salam for this great honor. Salam is a man I greatly respected, like a father, and I greatly admired as a mentor. It was a real privilege for me to be given the opportunity to work very closely with Salam for over 12 years and help him build to us from scratch. He literally built to us from scratch to become globally recognized as the voice of scientific excellence in the developing world. In a few minutes, I will briefly show you what happened during the first 10 years of to us. Let me begin by, again, repeating what Attish and Ahmed said, Salam has had two strong passions that govern his life, and those were actually mentioned by Attish. To pursue excellence in frontier research in physics, and this passion in the end earned him the Nobel Prize. But with equal passion, the passion of unwavering commitment to the plight of young scientists in developing countries, and to international collaboration is one of the most brilliant if not the most brilliant scientists who knew so much about international collaboration. And if you can name number one, the world has ever had the science diplomacy, it is really up to Salam. And as was mentioned, that was clearly justified by his establishment of the ICTP and 20 years after the ICTP to us. So let me just go to twice because this is where I was really very closely working with Salam for the 12 years I guess said. And it always started in June when I received an invitation from Professor Salam to come to Trieste for a few months to help him organize the foundation meeting of the Academy. And the foundation meeting was successfully held in November, the same year. The foundation meeting, you can have a look at the top picture. And by the way, this is the first time I am showing this photo, because we could not trace it for many, many years and finally found it in one of my boxes that I brought from Trieste. It is a unique photo, because it has all the founding members of Tuas, who came to launch Tuas to inaugurate to launch Tuas in the year 1983. And there were 33 of them. All of the men, that's a bit unfortunate because there was only one lady among the founding members of Tuas. And she could not come to this meeting. Sadly, all those founding members are not with us anymore. And the only person who is currently surviving is the one over there, which is me. I don't know whether you can see my photo there. But that was taken actually in Duino Castle. The first meeting ever to be held by Tuas founders was in Duino Castle, and not at the ICPB. The following day, the founders met in Trieste, at the University of Trieste, and you can see he helped Saddam, Boudinish, Zikiki, and believe it or not, that was how I looked like. In 1983, one of the most important recommendations that the founders made was to develop a strategy for fundraising. And that was not an easy task. It was a very, very difficult battle. In fact, it took over a year to get the first grant to support the activities of the Academy and that was provided by the Canadian International Development Agency, CEDA. And it was yesterday amount of $50,000, but it was enough to pay for my part of my salary for one year. And immediately or shortly after that, Salam miraculously managed to convince Andriotti, the foreign minister of Italy, to support the Academy. And Andriotti was very convinced about the Academy and its future. So he decided to give Professor Salam $1.5 million to launch the Academy and develop its activities. And that was really a landmark in the history of Tuas because immediately after that Salam got the money. And he did. It is something fantastic. He organized a conference in South-South, South-North cooperation in science. The first conference of a title like this that ever been organized. And he actually managed to get the Secretary General of the United Nations, Perez de Collier, to come to Trieste and launch the Academy. And that was really a very nice happening. And people in Trieste were happy, people in Rome were happy and Andriotti himself called Salam and asked him if he could actually have the Secretary General of the United Nations come to Rome to visit him because he's never been to Italy. He was never been to Italy before. So Salam managed in a way to convince the Secretary General to travel to Rome to meet the Secretary, to meet the Foreign Minister of Italy. In 1986, again, this is again one of the very important initiatives that Salam made to sustain the activities of the Academy. He saw that the best way for the Academy, at least during his first years to be linked to the ICTP and to be linked intimately to the ICTP. So he managed to get an agreement with the International Accountability Agency to administer twice funds and staff through the ICTP. So all the staff of twice, there were not that many of them at that time were actually members of the ICTP, including myself. I was hired as an ICTP staff member. And then that enabled, of course, Salam to launch major programs of awards, research grants, South-South fellowships and so on. In 1987, Salam got an invitation from the Chinese government to organize the second General Conference. The first General Conference, as I said, was hugely successful. So the Chinese thought that it would be good to have the second General Conference in Beijing, China. And that was really the first conference, of course, in developing countries. It was a great success. And an agreement because of his success, an agreement was made to organize all subsequent General Conferences in developing countries. The theme of the conference in China is Future of Science and Technology in China. And it was historic. It presented the first comprehensive analysis of science and technology development in China. And not many people knew the wealth of science in China before this meeting. As a matter of fact, a few years after that, Nietzsche wanted to identify a number of major conferences that took place over the last 30 years. And the most successful, most important ones. And that was one of them. That was conference in China in Beijing was one of them. And Nietzsche in his article said this is one of the meetings that change the world. In many ways, I think that was right, because not many people knew how much science was conducted in China. And that opened the door for collaboration, international collaboration with China. And you see in this one picture there, that was, I think, Chairman Denk. That's Abdusselam. That's Menon. And that is myself, trying to run to catch up with it. 1988 again was a significant year. And that is the engagement or the involvement of to us, with women in science to us with collaboration with CEDA, organize a conference on women in science and developing countries. There were 200 leading women scientists from more than 60 countries participated in the meeting, including two Nobel laureates, Levy, Montalcini and Dorosy. And it was at that meeting that women scientists decided to elect or appoint an interim study group to establish the organization of community science, which we see today. In 1990, third general conference was held again for the first time in Latin America in Caracas, hosted by a very close friend of Professor Salam, President Perez was the president of Venezuela. And most of them in fact discussed the organization of this conference when Perez was flying over to Yugoslavia. And Salam convinced him to just to stop in his private jet to stop in Trieste to have a meeting with him and that happened. And this is where they discussed the organization of conference. They focused on reviewing the status and prospects of science and technology in Latin America, and the Caribbean, and on recommendations of the report of the South Commission. Professor Salam was the only scientist member of the commissioners of the South Commission. There were about 15 of them, only one scientist. In 1991, again, this is a landmark in the history of Tuas. It was actually a conversation that was held between Frederico Mayor, the former DG of UNESCO, and Blitz, the DG of the International Environmental Agency, and the Blitz after the enormous expansion of the ICTP and Tuas. But the mandate of ICTP and especially Tuas does not really fit in well with the mandate and the narrow programs of the IEA. So he discussed with Mayor to transfer the ICTP and Tuas to UNESCO. And Mayor of course gladly accepted that. But Salam was reluctant. He was not prepared to move the center and Tuas to UNESCO. I don't know. He had some reservations about UNESCO, but he was not happy about that. But after a lot of talk and argument and convincing statements from both the director generals, Salam reluctantly accepted to move Tuas first. He said it works with Tuas and then later on the ICTP. And that's exactly what happened. This historic meeting Tuas was finally, it was finally agreed that Tuas should move from the IEA to UNESCO. That was a conference in Kuwait, and you see here the Amir of Kuwait at that time. And that was then a historic meeting because it was held just shortly after the end of the war between the US and Iraq and the liberation of Kuwait from the Iraqis. The focus was on environmental pollution caused by the Gulf War in 1991. And again it was a very important event that Salam organized. In 1993, that one that brings us to the 10th year of the first years of Tuas, the 10th anniversary celebration so that was held in Trieste. And the launching of an endowment campaign, endowment fund campaign of $10 million. Salam, by the way, never liked fundraising. He always tells us if people are convinced about the type of work that we're doing, that we're doing excellent work, they should come with their money. But there I think finally we're convincing that for the sustainability of the academy, maybe the best thing to do is to raise an endowment fund. So we agreed to that. And in fact, he convinced the Kuwaitis, the Amir of Kuwait, to contribute a million dollars for the endowment. He didn't pay all that money but he paid half of it. So 1994, that's where things started to change. After Salam stepped down as president, due to health problems. And the same year, Benazir Butu, the Prime Minister of Pakistan at that time, invited Salam and she really desperately wanted Salam to come to Pakistan to launch one of the organizations that was founded by Salam, which is an organization for science and technology for sustainability in the south. This is the only intergovernmental organization that Salam managed to establish in Islamabad. So he could not go because of health reasons. So he asked me to go. So I gladly went and represented him at the meeting. At that meeting, Benazir Butu gave me a check of 100,000 dollars. She said, this is the money I would like to give to Professor Salam as an endowment for us. But I would really like you personally to go and give him the check. So I agreed and I did exactly what she asked me to do. So I went to Oxford immediately after the meeting and I met with Salam. He was not well at that time. I gave him the check, he looked at it, smiled and gave it back to me. He said, deposit it in the bank. So that was a contribution of Pakistan to the endowment. 21st of November, 1996, a very sad day, Salam passed away. And a few days after that, that was general meeting was held in curiosity on the 26th of November in memory of his founding president. Vargas was elected president of to us. And not many people know, but it was actually at that meeting that Vargas proposed renaming ICTP after it's found. That's exactly what happened and it was all of all of that. And now we have the name of the new name of the ICTP. So with that I thank you. And again, I wish to extend my sincere songs to the family of Salam and also the ICTP for this opportunity, at least to show you some of the achievements that Salam has done during the first 10 years of the World Academy of Sciences. Thank you very much. Thank you very much, Muhammad. This was for this historical view. We will now move to the next awardee, Professor Asensio. Professor Atis Dahulkar. Dr. Atmeh Salam, Professor Muhammad Hassan, Professor Hilda Sardaira. I would like to thank you for the award of this prize, which was very emotive for me because my professional career should have been very different without Abdul Salam and without the ICTP. The first time, well, a professional revolutionary said more than 100 years ago that the road to Paris passed through New Delhi. It was forecast in the end of colonialism. The exercise of all my professional life passed also across entities related with developing countries or developing countries and themselves. I mean, Natya Gali, ICTP, the Center Internationale de Física, founded by Leo Violini and Eduardo Posada, and of which I am proud to be a foundational member. My work in Brazil, sent by AIEA, to advise nuclear brass for the creation of the first laboratory for environmental radiology. And also by activities at the European Commission for the training and mobility of researchers to open this activity to the participation of scientists from developing countries. And to foster science and technology cooperation with non-European countries in particular with developing one. This way would have been quite different without my first visit to the ICTP to participate in the summer college and computing as a language of physics coordinated by Luciano Bertocchi in 1971. It was then when I met Professor Salam for the first time. Just before beginning my PhD studies at the Nuclear Research Center of Saqli. Then I was housed at the City University of Paris. Its environment was very international with strong presence of students from third world countries, with whom I had the longest changes. The events on 1968 were very close in time and young people were in general sensitive to social matters. And the discussions about science and its relationships with the culture, economy and development rise frequently. During one year I shared a room with an Egyptian colleague and I learned directly how the different environmental, cultural, no sorry, different cultural environments make conditions on the conception of the world and the mentalities of people which is not possible to forget in any relation with other cultural environments. After upholding my thesis, I went back to Spain and began to work as a scientific advisor to the biggest consulting company in the country. During one of my visits to the Junta de Energía Nuclear, the Atomic Energy Commission of Spain, I saw a poster announcing the first summer college on physics and contemporary needs at Natia Gali in 1976. I decided to go there and got financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs and from the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission to fly from Madrid to Rawalpindi and to stay at Natia Gali. Professor Salán was there and this gave me the privilege of having several conversations with him. I dared to suggest to my illustrious interlocutor to organize courses on nuclear reactor theory at ICTP. As a certain number of developing countries had built nuclear power stations or they were trying to get scientific, technical and financial capacities to build and operate them. I felt a great satisfaction when I knew that one and a half years later courses on nuclear physics and nuclear reactor theory were organized at ICTP at the beginning of 1978. As my conditions of work were very flexible, I participated in them and also in those which followed in 1980-1982. In September 1979, I also took part in a course on renewable energies coordinated by Professor Giuseppe Furran. And in the following while, in two more courses on mathematical economics and other system analysis in collaboration with IAASA. Salam asked me why I jumped from the face to another. I answered, I was thinking on the possibility of creating in Spain an international center for energy sciences. To consider globally all the problems linked with the supply energy from different sources, coal, oil, nuclear, hydro and renewable. And also from different points of view, technical, scientific, economic, sociological and also taking into account mass psychology who had provoked the rejection of the acceptance of different ways of producing useful energy. And also covering all the steps of the processes, fabrication of components, running coast, environmental impact and the often forgotten cost of recycling the material after the end of the life of the installations. Salam answered was synthetic, hopeful and compromise. If ever you need me in Spain, call me and I will go. In that time, Spain had recuperated a democratic government and the constitution which settled a quasi-federal government of the country distributed among 17 autonomies. One of them is Castilla La Mancha, the land of Don Quixote, with a surface of about 80,000 square kilometers and a low density of population, two millions of inhabitants. In 1981, this region had not any university. So, I asked for an audience with the president of the first regional government of Castilla La Mancha, Antonio Fernando Galliano, an university professor. And I proposed to him the creation within the future university, or aside of it, an international institute for energy sciences oriented to the collaboration with the three great cultural areas in which the Spanish cultural culture is ruled, Europe, Latin America and the Islamic world. Fernando Galliano was interested in the idea and asked me, how can we begin? I answered that organizing is impossible, to which we will invite a Nobel laureate. He then concluded, okay, then I will bring the minister for universities and research of the central government of Spain. A few days later, I received a call from Mr. Agustín de Grandes, regional minister for energy and industry. He became a central person for the organization of the symposium. I contacted Professor Salam, he accepted the invitation, and we agree on the dates, the first week of July 1981. The symposium on the International Dimensions of Energy Problem took place in the medieval city of Ciguenza, who hosted an university in the past. The participation of Salam attracted those of other distinguished scientists, like Professor Karl Heinz Herka, director of the Institute for Energy, an energy system at the University of Estudio, and former collaborator of Heisenberg and von Weissekar. Also Jean-Bissac, head of the department of reactor theory and mathematics applied as a real energy atom. Dr. Villegas, minister of education in the government of Venezuela. Professors Galileo Villolini and Abdul Mojim Han, later member of the government of Bangladesh, and I stop here not to make too long the list. As a fruitful result of the symposium, the participants strongly supported the creation of an international center for energy sciences and offered grants from their institutions to create a critical mass for research. The ICTP would have one more child. During Professor Salam's visit to Spain, we were received in audience by King Juan Carlos. We traveled to Toledo, the city of the three cultures in Córdoba, where Salam visited the Ahmadi and Sunni mosques, and the great and historic one of the 18th century. In September of the same year, he, Salam, invited Mr. de Grandes and myself to this symposium organized at the ICTP to present the different projects to create the ICTP Thai centers all around the world. The Spanish project played a flag role. We intended to organize a new meeting in Ciwenta in 1983 to discuss and approve the estates of the center and officially founded it. Notwithstanding all the following, the fate of the center was going to change soon. In 1982, I was sent from my enterprise to the Federal Republic of Germany to work on the design of a big solar power plant. High-level administrative changes happened in the government of Castilla Mancha, and shortly after, I became a functioner of the European Commission in Brussels as a scientist in the Director General for European Artificial Policy. And then I remained during almost 20 years in Beijing. The project for an international center for energy sciences lost impetus and never become a reality. And now allow me another jump in time from the project of 40 years and to the generous award of the spirit of Abdul Salam. In the motivation of the prize, there is a regret of the non-success of the International Center of Energy Sciences and what can be understood as an invitation to retake the idea. As all soldiers never die, Leo Iolini, Augustine the Grandes, and myself undertook the recuperation recently and undertook the recuperation of that old idea with the help of the Vice Chancellor of the University of Alcalá de Henares, Professor Carmelo Garcia. Nevertheless, if the premises for the meeting is an accommodation of the participants in future activities, a gain in Siguenza didn't present the problems, the financial support seems more difficult, and this is our present battle. But the project has made the attention of newspapers of the region and interviewed me and an article written by Leo Iolini which presenting the recovery of the idea. And that recovery taking into account the time passed from my point of view require some adaptations. So instead an international center for energy scientists, I wrote a motivation for a scientific multidisciplinary and cultural center also with a multidisciplinary center and with an intercultural projection that would encompass not only energy problems, but also other subjects which should be treated along extended seminars. A round table with distinguished participants would have to precise the activities to be treated and the corresponding calendar. As possible thematic examples that I would like to be in contact with the local needs needs that Castilla Mancha is a part of the void Spain. And its problems are also often problems of developing countries. I would like to mention water management, science, technology and society, high technology companies, innovation in small and medium size enterprises and related problems, climate change and energy production and use, science and society from an historical point of view. I have to say that I only know studies dedicated to this problem that of Joseph Needham, Science and Civilization in China, hydrocarbon producer countries after the oil era and so on. If ever we failed a second time, it's my personal hope that the idea could be recovered by other countries, developing one in particular. Personally, I think that my colleague shared his opinion. I shouldn't see as a competition, but an opening of new and more extended collaboration. Thanks a lot for your attention. I don't know if it is possible to show you a picture I sent to Mrs. Maccowich and which has allowed myself, ah, voilà. You know, that happened 41 years ago. Now this child is 41. And that was in the moment of the farewell to Salam at the airport of Madrid. Thanks a lot again. Okay, thank you. Thank you very much Gregorio for this another, you know, a very different perspective on Salam's, you know, many dimensions. So with this, Ahmad, do you would like to add something? It just, it's been very emotional to hear all these memories of father and many new stories and I'm just always amazed how father touched so many people's lives, not just with his science, but with his personality, with his passion, with his drive, with his commitment. And I just thank everyone today so much on behalf of the whole family. It's been an absolute honor being with you today. And I very much look forward to last meeting in person at some stage soon. Thank you so much for a t-shirt for hosting us all today. Yes. Yeah, we all look forward to seeing you in fact in person sometime soon. And I really do agree with Ahmad that all the three talks today really give quite a different perspective on different aspects of Salam's mission. So it was very interesting and, you know, educational for me to learn about it. So thank you very much. And I hope to see you all in person. Thank you so much. Goodbye, everyone. Yes, no, just I should mention it for the staff. Okay, first of all, don't forget this nominations 15 December 2021 is the deadline. And now we will have a staff meeting followed by this on a different link. So we will take a 10 minute break. And I request you to join maybe eight minute break and we'll start at 1520. Thank you very much. See you. See you. Bye.