 Hello friends. This is Satish Paryani working as an assistant professor in Department of Mechanical, Volchian Institute of Technology, Sholapur. Today we are discussing on the topic called industrial engineering. Learning out them. At the end of this session students will be able to understand productivity, its importance to society and the problems associated with productivity. What are the contents? Contents are productivity and standard of living, need to measure productivity, what is partial productivity, what is total productivity, what are objectives of productivity and the references used. Now let us come to the topic productivity and standard of living. Engineering. From engineering point of view effective utilization of resources is the major theme used around. The resources are man, material, method and money. Second, why this is productivity is important? It is important because of to increase or to have the better standard of living of the people. Availability of materialistic item or sustaining enjoying life is one of the basic theme which is used for increasing the productivity. Still many are living with acute shortage of basic needs. Now we have recently seen the Venezuela crisis. From where? From bridges to racks. Now people are even suffering to have the basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. So the security is also a very big question mark. Now standard of living is increased or improved if the greater amount of consumable goods better the standard of living if the consumable goods are improved. Then the standard of living of the people increases. This can be done basically in two ways. First, there is increasing employment. Now increasing employment can be done if unemployed are increased or given the chance to have a job so that increase from unemployed to employed. Second, the underemployed is suppose somebody is working at lower level then he has to improve his standard of living or he has to be increased his employment from that level to higher level. He should know from where he has to work it and finally the employed. This increasing productivity is the only way of increasing the standard of living. And finally the increasing productivity. Both the options are used for increasing availability of goods. Now we come to the topic goods versus society. Now we know if productivity of agriculture more the quantity then we know the more the quantity then cheaper the food will be available at a very cheaper rate from industrial point of view more the quantity then cheaper will be the clothing and shelter because there will be competition and then the person who is able to give at a very cheap rate or what he can say at a very competitive rate will able to sustain the industry. Overall increase in productivity is more security and essential service for public use. As we explained in the last slide, Venezuela if they are not able to have the good amount of food or clothing or shelter then their security was in quite big question mark. Still there is big question on security the need to measure productivity. Security has been a very important thing which has to be utilization of resources was always in focus. The resources are man, material, method, money. How they are being utilized is always in focus. This can be done through measures on performance of system. Productivity is one such measures. Productivity is operationalized ratio of output to input in a very simple terms. It means output to input. Aiming at how efficiently our resources are being used in productivity desired output. It aims how efficiently our resources are being utilized in terms of many times the resources are maximized to have the maximum productivity means output should be maximum from the given input or if we increase the input the output also increases but the percentage also has to be increased more so that means productivity is more in that case or keeping the input same if the output increases then it is best productivity improvement. Now we come to the topic of partial and total productivity. What do you mean by partial productivity? Partial productivity shows how efficiently an individual type of input resource is being utilized. Now let me explain with you one example. Example is like now we consider three different types of products n number of inputs are being used and total output is the same in that case. So let us assume that product A how much the improvement is there in product A with use to overall input this is called partial productivity similarly in many industries the partial productivity like department productivity is also being even of the example of partial productivity how PPC department is performing how HR department is performing how materials department is performing let us take this example to explain further it is a ratio of aggregate output to individual input resource used for production what has explained you is the same it indicates specific areas of deficiencies where work is got to be done means if the product A is performed with the same input if the product A is having the less output it means its productivity is less so we can attack on that bottleneck resource and to improve the productivity in HR terms many times their performance appraisals are being done with the help of the same this department is performing good so there can be more appraisal for them this department is performing less so there is a less department less appraisal for them for this year partial productivity is with respect to some specific but total productivity is respect to total overall of the system as we can say overall system total productivity is therefore as a ratio of aggregate output to aggregate input now when you see in the balance sheets when you read the balance sheet there you can understand these figures are for total productivity we can use for total productivity rather than partial productivity so total productivity is acting as overall at the system and the partial productivity is overall acting at a local level like a department wise and total productivity as a company wise total productivity therefore shows performance of the system as a whole productivity measurement what are the objective first its basic objective is to study performance of system over a period of time second to compare performance of different system for a given level as I already explained you life if HR want to appraise if HR want to give some performance appraisal to different departments then is able to compare from this department to this department this plan to second plan so this is very important to compare actual versus planned productivity of the system here when we see when any company or any system is being launched there is some simulation method or there is some simulation planned productivity what is assumed what is put as a theoretical way so this productivity measures can also be used to compare actual versus planned productivity of the system please observe this note even though concept of productivity is simple measurement is a serious very serious problem industry per industry phases industry produces different types of output of different inputs now let us think here two minutes first when the there are n number of products suppose now we take an example of LG electronics electronics giant there TV has been produced refrigerator has been produced AC has been produced there copper has been used as a same item throughout different products now how will measure the productivity with this system so data collection if the person is working for three different streams how you will use his time utilization whether he's utilized his two hours for AC department two hours for refrigerator department two hours for something this data collection is a very big question mark so even though productivity concept is very simple output to input but this data collection is very very difficult secondly this is for one a human when it is working for three different streams now if there are n number of products like product AC wash and AC is there then second refrigerator is there then washing machine is there n number of products then how will measure the productivity if the resources are being same has been utilized this generally happens a big question mark in batch type of productions or where a medium scale found medium scale industry where n number of industry n number of things are being utilized similarly the out there is a case is if the output is different this is again productivity measurement is different so it requires a precise control over data data has to be challenged every time now think list down some cases of partial productivity which you see around or which you have thought which you have thought references please refer to NPTEL references and introduction to work study ILO thank you