 Good evening aspirants welcome to the hindu news analysis by shankara ace academy for the date 23rd of december 2022 displayed here are the list of news articles we will be going through today now without wasting time let's start our discussion let us start today's discussion with this editorial article as per the article wto panel report says that the united states is turning away from free trade and moving towards protectionism this is because the usa recently imposed a tariff of 25 percent and 10 percent on steel and aluminum respectively and also recently the wto panel has ruled that the tariff imposed by usa on steel and aluminum are inconsistent with the wto law this is the crux of the editorial given here in this context let us see the important points mentioned in the editorial also we will see about wto before getting into that i have highlighted the syllabus regarding this discussion you can go through it now let's start our discussion let us start by looking into wto we all know the expansion of wto right it is the world trade organization but do you know the history of wto do you know how it came into being it all started with the end of the world war two see the irony no end of the world war two started the mark of wto the second world war offered the allied powers an opportunity to remake the world so they devised many international organizations which resembled the structure of national governments this is new to us right we have all seen the international organizations as a means for cooperation between different countries in the world but they were formulated as structures which resemble the structure of the national governments of the allied powers think about it no there is a legislature which is nothing but the general assembly of the united nation then there is the judiciary which is nothing but the international court of justice a central bank which is world bank and imf and an executive which is nothing but the united nation security council now you know how these organizations were created not only this the architects of the post war also established institutions which were equivalents of many ministries for example we have food and agriculture organization which resembles the ministry of agriculture for education and culture we have uniscoe for health we have who look at how the order of the world after the world war two was created like this organization which was envisaged for the trade is known as international trade organization it was intended to perform the functions of a global trade ministry these organizations were formed in the hope that all these organizations will create a world government but it didn't happen because countries have strong attachments to their own sovereignty let us not deviate from the topic of our interest today so coming back to wto sorry ito during the sovereignty problem and tensions which emerged because of cold war international trade organization is subjected to many criticism in havana in 1948 the un conference on trade and employment concluded a draft charter for the ito which is known as the havana charter but this charter was not signed by the us so side by side countries relied temporarily on the gatt agreement for facing out use of import quota and reducing tariff the expansion of gatt is general agreement on trade and tariff and this gatt became the center piece of the trading system for an interim period it was done in the hope that ito will be revamped and it will come into existence with reforms but nothing happened so the interim period of gatt became nearly half a century see gatt was created in 1947 and wto came into existence in the year 1995 so like i said nearly half a century gatt dominated the trade gatt held many negotiations during the gatt years 8 rounds of tariff negotiations were held between 1947 and 1994 i have given those details here you can go through ito now you may ask if countries relied on gatt for so long then what necessitated the formation of wto see everything will have some imperfections right so gatt also had some shortcomings gatt was a contract to which countries were parties it is not an organization in which countries are members so what does this mean this means that in a contractual agreement the commitments were applied on a provisional rather than definitive basis so this only necessitated the formation of an organization apart from this the last round of gatt which is the uruguay round also necessitated the formation of an organization the talks were to extend the trading system into several new areas for example trade in services and intellectual property and there were also talks to reform the trade in the sensitive sectors of agriculture and textiles so this round is ironically called as the round to end all rounds okay and now coming back wto began on 1st january 1995 even though it was created in 1995 the gatt had been providing rules since 1948 one more thing that you should note is that gatt mainly dealt with trade inputs but the wto and its agreements also covered trade in services and intellectual property the birth of the wto also created new procedures for the settlement of disputes for services we have general agreement on trade in services which is gats for IPR we have agreement on trade related aspects of intellectual property rights which is trips for dispute settlement we have dispute settlement understanding other agreements are also there but we will see about them in some other day and this is all about wto's history now we will see the organizational structure of wto the wto has 164 members this accounts for 98 percent of world trade the wto is run by its member governments all the major decisions are taken by the membership as a whole the decisions are made either by ministers or by their ambassadors or delegates but know that the decisions are normally taken by consensus and the wto's agreements have been ratified in all member parliaments wto's top level decision making body is the ministerial conference which meets usually every two years and below this is the general council and this general council meets several times a year in the jenniva headquarters the general council also meets as the trade policy review body and the dispute settlement body at the next level there is the goods council service council and the intellectual property council they all report to the general council apart from this numerous specialized committees working groups and working parties are also there they all deal with the individual agreements and other areas such as environment development membership application and regional trade agreements now this might give you an idea about the functioning of wto what is the core objective of wto it is the trade opening right it aids in smooth and free flow of trade so what will be the functions of wto the functions of wto include administrating trade agreements acting as the forum for trade negotiation settling trade disputes reviewing national trade policies building the trade capacity of developing economies and cooperating with other international organizations this is about the objectives and functions of wto now coming to the editorial the editorial says that the world is shifting from neoliberalism to geoeconomic order particularly this is seen in the case of usa and china for your better understanding i will explain this in simple terms after the cold war the world was interested in neoliberalism now what is this neoliberalism in the neoliberal order the economic and security interests are independent tax neoliberalism is based on principles such as non-discrimination in international economic relation that is free trade peaceful settlement of disputes through neutral international courts these principles are achieved through the creation of global institutions such as wto and a large number of free trade and investment treaties this was the case immediately after the cold war this is because at that time the us existed as an undisputed hegemony that is undisputed power and it supported free trade because it did not fear the growth of any strategic rivals such as china but now like i said countries are moving towards geoeconomic order this means that the world order is based on economic position of the countries do you understand this see if a country is wealthy it is a major economic power then the country is seen as a powerful country this is because only when they are able to buy and develop weapons they can protect their territory and sovereignty very well do you notice the change here in neoliberalism security never crossed paths with economy they remained as independent tracks like the railway track but in geoeconomic order these independent tracks that is economic and security tracks they started to converge the main reason for this is the fear yeah you heard me right like we saw before when us was an undisputed and incomparable power it agreed to free trade but as the gap in size of chinese and american economies begin to shrink at a rapid pace the us is giving up on free trade okay and also us is shiftly or quickly embracing protectionism and the tariff increased by us on steel and aluminum is seen as one such measure initially we saw about wto panel reports right do you remember that in that report us was accused of violating article two class one of gat article two class one obligates the countries not to impose tariff beyond certain rates but for this the us justified that their action is as per article 21 of gat this allows the countries to deviate from their trade obligation on grounds of national security specifically article 21 class b subclass 3 of gat allows the country to take any action which is necessary for the protection of security in time of war or other emergency in international relations but for this the panel said that the national security rule of article 21 is not entirely self-judging it is subjected to review so as per the review the panel rejected the us's argument that it increased the tariff due to global excess capacity and it also rejected us argument that the global excess capacity could lead to excessive imports used in defense production so compromising us's national security the panel held that the situation does not constitute emergency in international relations under article 21 class b subclass 3 this is because it lacked severity the main takeaway for us is that a particular country can deviate from their trade obligation on grounds of national security and this action is subjected to review this is the example quoted by the author for explaining the move towards geoeconomic order the funny fact here is that usually us will only lecture countries to follow international law the us has constantly blamed china and russia for violating international law but us is also turning its back to the rule-based order see the major concern about pursuing geoeconomic order is that this will encourage other countries to pursue unilateralism and economic nationalism as we all know unilateralism is the reminiscent of the first part of the 20th century that led to the great depression and the second world war so the author is saying that excessively following economic nationalism is also dangerous to the prosperity of the world because in some cases it may trigger war between countries so that's all regarding this discussion in this discussion we saw about the evolution of wto its objectives and functions after that we saw how the world order is changing from neoliberal to geoeconomic order and we understood this with the example of the trade war between china and usa so that's all regarding this discussion i hope this discussion was useful with this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article have a look at this news article this news article talks about a gang attack the news is that a four-member gang including three juveniles attacked eight persons across kanjipuram and it is said that they were under the influence of alcohol see this news is not relevant for our exam but the issue of juvenile delinquency is very relevant for our examination so in this context in our discussion today let us see about juveniles and what is meant by juvenile delinquency then we will also see what are all the possible reasons for juvenile delinquency in india first of all who is a juvenile juvenile or a child is a person who has not completed 18 years of age this is what is said in section 2 class k of juvenile justice care and protection of children act 2015 now what is juvenile delinquency juvenile delinquency refers to participation of minors in illegal crimes when a person deviates from the normal course of his social life his behavior is termed as delinquent in other words when a juvenile's action proved to be dangerous towards the society and for him he may be called as a juvenile delinquent the act of delinquency may include running away from home use of inappropriate or vulgar language committing sexual offense etc so juvenile delinquency is nothing but juvenile crime to understand this term you can think about the movie pudupete starring danush in that movie during his engage itself he will be accustomed to violence at his home actually in that movie his father kills his mother and danush will witness it so he will run away from home then he will fall into the hands of the drug crime industry in northern chennai and in turn he becomes a don so due to some issues in his house he ended up becoming a juvenile delinquent and further expanding into major crimes this is about juvenile delinquency okay with this understanding let us see the reasons behind juvenile delinquency firstly if the parents are abusive then the core character of the child itself is varied because the minor would not have received proper education so they have lower intelligence and are more likely to be involved in delinquent behavior this is the first reason secondly if the child has faced family violence or sexual abuse this might alter their behavior so this will lead to their involvement in criminal activities the third important thing is substance abuse substance abuse like drug abuse antisocial peer groups easy availability of firearms all these factors will push a child towards delinquency so in short we can say that the three factors causing juvenile delinquency in india are family factors individual factors and substance abuse factors so these are all the reasons for juvenile delinquency behavior so that's all regarding this discussion in this discussion we first saw who is a juvenile then we saw who is a juvenile delinquent finally we saw the reason behind juvenile delinquency with this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article look at this article from the opinion page this article talks about judicial vacation now suddenly this is in news because of the announcement made by the chief justice of india he said that the vacation benches of the supreme court will not be available during the winter break this announcement came after the union law minister's criticism of the court's lengthy vacation and the inconvenience it caused to the litigants in this background this interview article in the opinion page of the newspaper tries to address the need of the judicial vacation so in our discussion today we will see what is judicial vacation the provisions that allow for judicial vacation and the need for judicial vacation okay the syllabus regarding this discussion is highlighted here you can go through it now let's start our discussion let us begin with the question what is this court or judicial vacation the supreme court has 193 working days a year for its judicial functioning will the high courts functions for approximately 210 days and the trial courts for 245 days high courts have the power to structure their calendars according to their service rules now specifically talking about the supreme court the supreme court breaks its seven week annual summer vacation and takes it as a summer and winter break the summer break or summer vacation begins at the end of May and the court reopens in July after that the court takes a week long break each for Dasara and Diwali as well as a two week break at the end of December this is the winter break and this is how the court vacation functions now moving on to the question what is the need for court vacation firstly vacation gives time for rejuvenation India has the most overburdened judiciary I am saying this because there is a huge workload on working days from Monday to Friday every year approximately 25,000 cases are filed if this is the situation then the supreme court will have to hear at least 50 to 75 cases per day judges cannot discharge justice without having read the papers to pass appropriate orders right so just look at the workload if the judiciary doesn't have the vacation the judges will have mental breakdown so the vacations provide the rejuvenation time that the judges need to function effectively during the working days this is the first need for court vacation the second reason is that we cannot compare court to other arms of the democracy like the executive and the legislature I am saying this because judges do not take leave of absence like other working professional when the court is in session family tragedies health are very rare exception but judges rarely take the day off for social engagements for this reason court vacations are a need thirdly since every case has its own complex issues in reality it takes time and effort to read comprehend and assess the case so the legal fraternity that is the court and the advocates argue that the time during vacation is also utilized for writing judgments and doing research regarding the case just know we saw about the workload right I hope you can understand the judges are left with very little time when the courts are working to do this research regarding the cases okay finally the argument that cutting the vacation period would be a solution to pendency is not backed by data as pendency relates largely to legacy cases that need to be tackled very systematically we cannot expect the judiciary to work round the clock and expect them to deliver high quality judgments here let me give you an example our supreme court website shows that the court gives minimum of 10 to 15 judgments per day on the other hand the US federal courts give a maximum of 10 to 15 judgments a year so it is a universally accepted system that if you want efficacy you have to give the judges the proper time to get ready to give a proper judgment so these are all the reasons that necessitates the presence of or the provision of court vacation okay now you may ask me a question what will happen to the important cases during court vacation it seems like the supreme court is taking two long vacations each year but technically the court is not fully closed during these vacation generally a few judges are available for hearing urgent cases even when the court is in recess there will be a combination of two or three judges called vacation benches this vacation bench of the supreme court is a special bench constituted by the chief justice of India during vacations litigants can still approach the supreme court and if the court decides that the plea is an urgent matter then the vacation bench hears the cases on its merit it is not very uncommon for court to hear important cases during vacation for example in 2015 a five-bed judge of supreme court hear the challenge of the constitution amendment setting up the n-jack that is national judicial appointments commission then in 2017 a constitution bench led by the then cja js kelker held a six-day hearing of the case challenging the practice of triple talag during the summer vacation so it is not very uncommon for the court to even work during the vacation so the executive must not blame the supreme court or the judiciary in general for the pendency of case and link it to the court vacation okay i hope you can understand so finally let us see the legal provisions that facilitates for this vacation benches see rule six of order two of the supreme court rule 2013 empowers the chief justice of india to nominate the division benches they hear urgent miscellaneous matters and regular hearing matters during the summer vacation for the period and whenever necessary he may even appoint a division court this court can hear urgent cases during the vacation which required to be heard by a bench of judges so that's all regarding this discussion in this discussion we saw what is court vacation then we saw four points that discusses the need for court vacation then we saw what is vacation bench and how we affect you the court functions even during vacation and finally we saw the legal provisions that enables the provision for vacation benches so that's all regarding this discussion with this let us conclude this and take up the next news article have a look at this editorial article this article is written by mr mk naranan who needs no introduction this article talks about the issue of terrorism in the introduction he writes about the recent global initiatives to counter terrorism then he writes about the major terrorist activities that took place after 2000 he also says that for the past couple of years there has not been any major terrorist attack he says that this is not something to be happy about since the terror networks are still functioning and could strike at any time he's of the opinion that the world nations are not working towards waging a coordinated fight against terrorism for example we can take india and pakistan both the countries are among the most affected by terrorism but they blame each other instead of finding ways to cooperate to deal with the issue of terrorism in the final part of the editorial mr mk naranan suggests certain measures that can be taken to counter terrorism in this he mainly focuses on reactivating the comprehensive convention on international terrorism so in our discussion today we will focus on ccit that is comprehensive convention on international terrorism now what is this ccit this comprehensive convention on international terrorism was proposed by india to the united nation general assembly and this was in the year 1996 india did this with the objective of providing a comprehensible legal framework to counter terrorism okay this is the basic introduction now let us see the major objectives of this ccit first objective is to have a universal definition of terrorism and this has to be adopted by all 193 members of the united nation general assembly into their own criminal laws okay now comes the question what was the definition given by ccit for terrorism according to this convention if any person commits an offense with the purpose of frightening a population or if the offense is to compel a government or an international organization to abstain from doing their duty and if these offenses causes death or sometimes serious bodily injury to any person or serious damage to public or private property then this is the definition given by the convention to define terrorism okay now let us come back to the objectives the second objective of the convention is to ban all terror groups and shut down terror camps the third objective is to prosecute all terrorists under special laws and the last objective is to make cross border terrorism an extraditable offense worldwide here an offense is extraditable if it is a crime in both the countries and punishable by imprisonment for a period of one year or more okay now these are the objectives of the ccit we could see that its objectives brings in the theme of coordinated fight against terrorism but what are the issues with this convention that keeps it just at the proposal level the conclusion and the ratification of ccit remains deadlocked due to opposition from three main blocks of countries who are they they are the united states the organization of islamic countries and the latin american countries now we will see the rationale behind the opposition by these groups to the ccit firstly let us take united states and the issue that us has against ccit the united states wanted the draft to exclude acts committed by military forces of states during peacetime because it is worried about the application of the ccit to its own military forces this is because of u.s. involvement in afghanistan and ira secondly let us see about the issue mentioned by oacy that is organization of islamic countries the oacy wants exclusion of national liberation movements this is mainly in the context of israel policy in conflict and according to oacy there is a need to distinguish acts of terrorism from movements of self-determination so that legitimate movements are not labeled as criminal acts of terrorism this is the issue cited by oacy and last day let us see the issue cited by latin american countries the latin american countries wanted the draft to cover state terrorism also then it also wanted to include the violation of international human rights law by state under terrorism so from the issue cited by these three group of countries we can see that their main concern is regarding the definition of terrorism provided under ccit so mr mk narayan is of the opinion that ccit should have to be brought back to the table and the issue surrounding the definition of terrorism should be sorted out so that ccit can be implemented he's of the opinion that only if the ccit is implemented coordinated action worldwide against terrorism can be mooted and this will only lead to long-term solution to counter the act of terrorist attacks okay so that's all regarding this discussion in this discussion we saw about the major points highlighted in the editorial then we saw about ccit and the issues surrounding it so with this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article look at this editorial the war between russia and ukraine seems never-ending more than 300 days have passed since russia's invasion of ukraine we have discussed so many times about the causes of the war but this editorial talks about another aspect it provides us with a testament of the role played by usa in this war don't you wonder what the superpower is doing in this war let us find out before that note down the syllabus here now let's start who do you think usa will be supporting those who even know a little bit about international relation and the cold war can easily say usa will be on the opposing side of russia so yes usa is obviously supporting ukraine in this war usa-ukraine bilateral relations dates back to 1991 when ukraine got independence from the soviet union usa also plays a critical role in supporting the enhanced engagement between nato and ukraine on these lines when the war began usa started supporting ukraine saying it wanted to maintain international order usa's secretary of state openly mentioned help ukraine defend itself support the ukrainian people hold russia accountable so what kind of support am i talking about here is it sanctions on russia no i am talking about other types of help for example in march usa enacted ukraine supplemental appropriations act this act provided 13.6 billion dollar assistance in terms of military humanitarian and economic assistance objective here was to help ukraine also objective here was to help ukraine to defend itself from russia's further invasion also ensuring effective functioning of the government of ukraine and to support its people here focus on the term to defend itself how can a country in a war defend itself only through weapons right this is where the military assistance comes into play because in the assistance a total of one billion dollars as security assistance is approved to provide ukraine with weapons so that it can effectively defend itself from russian invasion additionally usa and allies consisting of 15 nations have committed military equipment to strengthen ukraine this includes nearly 2000 tanks and other armored vehicles more than 800 artillery systems more than 50 advanced multiple rocket launching system and also anti ship and air defense systems like this military and security assistance have been provided by usa time and again one was granted just two days ago based on which the editorial has been written this assistance includes an additional security assistance of 1.85 billion dollars for ukraine it includes many military capabilities like one patriot air defense system additional ammunition for high mobility artillery rocket system that is humors okay here patriot air defense system holds importance let us see about it now first note that patriot is expanded as phased array tracking radar to intercept on target such a tough name but we know it is an air defense system it is a surface to air mobile air defense missile system it is capable of bringing down cruise missiles short range ballistic missiles and aircraft so it is one of world's most advanced air defense capabilities its concept was first developed in 1961 so it has gone through many upgrades over the years the system has four operational functions namely communication command and control radar surveillance and missile guidance for these the system consists of six major components the components are missiles or interceptors launcher radar set control station power generator unit and hike frequency antenna must here the capability of the system depends on the type of interceptor used for example patriot uses pac2 interceptor and also pac3 missile the pac2 interceptor is proximity fusing missile and uses a blast fragmentation warhead that is bfw the warhead refers to the explosive head of the missile in proximity fusing the missile detonates automatically when it approaches a target that is when it is in the proximity of the target the missile detonates in other words it detonates in the vicinity of the threat missile also in blast fragmentation warhead detonation delivers damage to the target due to shockwave and metal splinters on the other hand pac3 missile uses advanced hit to kill technology that is htk technology htk defeats targets by striking them directly so pac3 strikes the target whereas pac2 detonates near it there are many difference in both technologies htk ensures minimization of lethal effects on the ground but bfw has a better chance of hitting the body of the ballistic missiles whereas htk demands a guidance system to ensure body to body contact between the interceptor and the incoming ballistic missile but with advanced technologies guidance is achieved particularly htk is much effective where the enemy missile has sub munitions sub munitions are small weapons or devices that is part of the larger warhead and separates from it prior to impact in case of htk weapons they deliver more destructive energy than even the most efficient bfw also bfw lacks sufficient penetration to destroy sub munitions in this image you can see in htk 91% sub munitions is killed whereas bfw kills only 26% so this means when sub munitions are involved bfw fails to protect the different target and has lethal effects on the ground this is why htk that is hit to kill are preferred so pac3 is more advanced and more effective in neutralizing air targets than pac2 okay one of the advantage of the patria air defense system is it has both the interceptors that is pac2 which is a bfw and pac3 which is htk okay this is one of the major advantages associated with patria system next is the launcher station they transport and protect the interceptor missiles and provide platform for their physical launch of the missile not only this the patria radar combines surveillance tracking and engagement functions in mun unit the radar has a effective range of 150 kilometers since patria has a phased array radar as its name suggests it helped to guide interceptors to their target and it is also resistant to jamming note that control station is the only manned component of the patria system it calculates trajectories for interceptors and controls the launching sequence also communicates with the launcher station and other patria batteries here battery means artillery and finally the antenna mast group is the main communications backbone for the patria unit based on these capabilities of patria it is currently in use worldwide including several NATO countries now it is given to Ukraine depending of capabilities of patria you can assume that patria will be a deterrent to Russia this is also a problem because no Russia will be enraged and may carry out more heavier attacks on Ukraine if this happens it will be against the stand of USA which is to avoid provoking a wider war so the author of this editorial suggested diplomatic solution to de-escalate the situation between Russia and Ukraine the solution the author proposes is USA taking lead and hosting direct negotiations between Russia and Ukraine this will not only end the war but also prevent future escalation so that's all regarding this discussion in this discussion we saw the role played by USA in the Russia-Ukraine war we also saw about the important points about patria air defense system with this let us conclude this and take up the next news article now take a look at this news article this news article mentioned about government's plan to roll out vaccination against cervical cancer for girls aged between 9 and 14 through school this decision was based on the national technical advisory group for immunization recommendation to introduce HPV vaccine in the universal immunization program this is about the news article given here in this context let us quickly go through cervical cancer and the serovac vac vaccine let us start with cervical cancer cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cells of the cervix cervix is the lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina various strains of human papilloma virus as sexually transmitted infection plays a role in causing most cervical cancer when exposed to HPV the body's immune system mainly prevents the virus from doing harm in a small percentage of people alone however the virus survives for years contributing to the process that causes some cervical cells to become cancer cells environment and our lifestyle choices also determine whether we will be developing cervical cancer or not no let us see the symptoms of the cervical cancer in the early stage cervical cancer generally produces no signs or symptoms signs and symptoms of more advanced cervical cancer include vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse watery bloody vaginal discharge and pelvic pain or pain during intercourse these are the common symptoms of cervical cancer remember you can reduce the risk of developing cervical cancer by having screening test and receiving a vaccine that protects against HPV infection now we are very concerned about that cervical cancer because cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women globally in india cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women india contributes to the largest share of global cervical cancer burden according to a recent study published in the Lancet india accounted for nearly 1 in 4 deaths globally due to cervical cancer considering all these only indias first indigenously developed a quadrivalent human papilloma virus vaccine for the prevention of cervical cancer was announced in september 2022 the name of the vaccine is serovac the vaccine is based on vlp that is virus like particles similar to hepatitis b vaccination and it gives protection by producing antibodies against HPV's l1 protein the vlps have the same outer l1 protein codes as HPV but the vlps do not contain any genetic material the vaccine uses these vlps as antigen to induce a strong protective immune response if an exposure occurs the vaccinated person's antibodies against the l1 protein will coat the virus and prevent it from releasing its genetic material this is how the vaccine works we saw that serovac is a quadrivalent vaccine right quadrivalent vaccine is nothing but a vaccine that works by stimulating the immune response against four different antigens such as four different viruses or four different variant of the virus that is this vaccine is effective against at least four variants of the cancer causing human papilloma virus this quadrivalent HPV vaccine works against type 6 11 16 and 18 you hear you have to know that there are many type of HPV like 16 18 31 33 45 52 and 58 all these types are high risk for cancer and here type 6 and 11 are considered low risk types so basically this type of quadrivalent HPV vaccine provides protection against type 6 type 11 type 16 and type 18 of the HPV virus okay remember this indian made HPV vaccine serovac is developed by department of biotechnology industry research assistant council and the bill and melinda gates foundation this vaccine should be given in two doses for the 9 to 14 year olds and for three doses for the 15 to 26 year olds so that's all regarding this discussion in this discussion we saw about cervical cancer and the symptoms of cervical cancer then we also saw about indigenous vaccine that is serovac which provides protection against cervical cancer so with this let us conclude this discussion and take up the next news article have a look at this news article this news article talks about the battle of vandy wash see battle of vandy wash is the part of the third karnatic war so in this discussion we will focus on the third karnatic war first why was the name karnatic war given to this specific war actually all the three karnatic wars that is the first karnatic war second karnatic war and the third karnatic war were basically anglo-french war but why the name this is because the english and the french called the hinterland of the coromandel coast as the karnatic region since all the wars took place in this region these three wars are called as the karnatic wars let us focus in this discussion specifically on the third karnatic war what caused the war the main cause of the war is the seven year war which started in europe actually when the seven year war started in europe there was not much fighting between french and the english in india but after the battle of plassie of 1957 the british took control of the french portion of chandhanaguru so this triggered the war between british and french in india the main general in the side of british is sir aircourt and in the side of french is county lally the major battle that was part of this war is the battle of vandy wash it was fought in a area called vandavasi in tamilnadu and the result of the battle is sir aircourt defeated county lally of french see the battle of vandy wash is one of the significant war of india but it is rarely noticed it is actually as significant as battle of plassie and battle of buxer this is because battle of buxer effectively entered the mughal administration in india likewise battle of vandy wash effectively entered the french ambitions in india after the battle of vandy wash and at the end of the third karnatic war the treaty of paris was signed between british and the french after the treaty of paris the british gave back the territory of buducherry and chandhanaguru back to french but on the condition that the french remain as the trading country in india rather than as a regional power so at the end of the third karnatic war the english effectively became the only european country with military ambitions in india and this started the colonization of india so that's all regarding this discussion in this discussion we saw about the third karnatic war and the significance of the battle of vandy wash with this let us conclude the news article discussion session and take up the practice prelims questions we have six practice prelims questions today let us see them one by one let us take up the first question see before seeing the question i have displayed here a news article this news article is regarding the recent announcement of sahitya academy awards for people who are preparing for state public service commission exams just pass the video and look at the winners and try to note it down there might be a definite question from this in your examination as far as upc is concerned the question will not be about the winners but the question will be about the sahitya academy so i have made a question so let us see that question look at this question it is a two statement question about the sahitya academy let us take up the first statement sahitya academy is the first among the three academies established by the government of india to encourage cultural activities in india see this statement is wrong actually the first academy to be established by government of india is the sahitya academy okay after that sahitya academy was established and finally lalip kala academy was established so statement one is wrong look at statement two sahitya academy is also called as the india's national academy of music dance and drama this statement is wrong actually sahitya academy is also called as india's national academy of music dance and drama since both these statements are wrong the current answer here is option d neither one nor two moving on to the second question it is also a two statement question about juvenile justice care and protection of children act 2015 let us take up the first statement this act repelled the juvenile delinquency law and juvenile justice care and protection of children act 2000 actually this statement is correct the 2015 act actually replaced the 2000 act okay moving on to the second statement the 2015 act offered provisions regarding adoption of abandoned children this statement is also correct since both the statements are correct the correct answer here is option c both one and two moving on to the third question it is a pair-based question in one side different system are given and in the other side country of origin is given we have to find how many pairs are correctly matched see from our discussion we know that patriot originated in usa so second pair is correct and the third pair is also correct s 400 is from russia the first one is wrong third different system is not from israel but it is from usa okay since they are asking for incorrectly matched pairs the first one is alone incorrectly matched so only one pair is incorrectly matched so the correct answer here is option a only one pair moving on to the fourth question this question is in reference to cervical cancer two statements are given and we have to find the correct statement cervical cancer is hereditary this statement is wrong moving on to the second statement it is caused by epstein bar virus this is also wrong as we saw in our discussion cervical cancer is caused by human papillomavirus so since both the statements are wrong the correct answer is option d none of the above moving on to the fifth question this question is also two statement question about battle of let us take up the first statement it is part of the second karnatic war this statement is correct the second statement robert cleave was called the hero of our card this statement is also correct so the correct answer here is option c both one and two this is the quiz question for today it is about comprehensive convention on international terrorism it is a very easy question interested aspirant can post the answer for this question in the comment section the main questions based on today's discussion are displayed here interested aspirants can write the answers and post it in the comment section if you like today's video like comment and share it with your friends for more updates regarding upsc preparation subscribe 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