 Hello everyone, welcome back to another session in dentistry animal So this topic in oral surgery. It's a very familiar topic that is CPR cardiopulmonary resuscitation So not just on an academic point of view, but also on a general point of view This is a very vital topic because if someone knows this technique, they can save a person's life so As the name suggests cardio pulmonary resuscitation cardio means it's related to heart. This is related to Lengths, so we are bringing back the a Apparently dead organs to the normalcy. So apparently dead not Clinically dead. It is apparently dead because of any of the conditions such as a heart attack or near drowning The person's breathing or heartbeat must have stopped for a while So if someone knows this technique, he can bring back the person back to life So any person can do this technique? It doesn't require any special degree any special knowledge. It doesn't need a Expertise on that medical field L. M. And also can do this technique You just need to understand the basic anatomy of our body organs just in the chest and our neck and head area and also to do a chest compression and a rescue breathing So let's see how to perform this CPR step-by-step procedure on a person whose heartbeat or Breathing has stopped so before that we need to understand the anatomy of heart and the lengths larynx pharynx and all this bronchial Tube and bronchial. So this is a part of heart We have superior vena cava inferior vena cava iota pulmonary artery The two chambers upper two chambers lower two chambers pulmonary veins So all these things we need to know in detail because we are going to apply pressure on the heart chambers Similarly, we need to know the position of lengths and larynx and pharynx So we are going to bring back the apparently stopped heart and lengths back to the normal state For a state where we can recover the patient So definition of CPR. It is a technique of basic life support. Okay, so this is Important terminology BLS. So many of us have been trained for this BLS. So it is a technique of Basic life support for oxygenating the brain Okay oxygenating the brain and heart until appropriate Definite medical treatment can restore the normal heart and ventilatory action So we are trying to oxygenate the brain and heart until appropriate a Definite medical treatment can restore the heart and ventilatory action. That is a length action So what is the exact purpose of CPR? One is to maintain an open and clear airway if the airways Hinted with any foreign objects or anything in that matter. We need to clear the airway first Then we need to maintain everything by external ventilation Then we need to maintain blood circulation by external cardiac message. Okay, so that is a BC of Our CPR this is airway This is breathing and this is the So the ultimate purpose is to save the life of the patient and to provide the basic life support till medical and Advanced life support arrives. So we are maintaining or we are prolonging the patient's Health condition so that we can recover back to the normal health condition. Okay So if we are not providing CPR means the patient might die within five or ten minutes So we are not Exactly bringing back the patient back to normal state. We are prolonging the patient's health status so that he can get a definitive treatment and Go back to the normal state So the mainly it is indicated in ventricular fibrillation Ventricular tachycardia assistal Pulseless electrical activity. So pulseless electrical activity is like You know, this is PQRST that our ECG so it will become like this So that is a pulseless electrical action. So it involves ventricular repolarization repolarization and atrial activity So all these conditions we need to give CPR So on what conditions a person faces respiratory arrest. So this is mainly Seen on drowning when a patient drowns In case of stroke foreign body in trot smoke inhalation drug overdose suffocation accident injury or coma or Epiglottis Paralysis so all these cases patient might face respiratory arrest So what is the principle of CPR? The principle is to restore the effective circulation and ventilation. Okay Then to prevent the irreversible Cerebral damage due to anoxia So there can be chance of Cerebral damage Because of anoxia that is a lack of oxygen So when heart is failed to pump blood and lung is failed to exchange oxygen There is high chance of Cerebral damage. So once it is completely or irreversibly damaged there is Very less chance of recovery So we need to prevent irreversible Cerebral damage due to anoxia. So when heart fails to maintain the cerebral circulation for approximately Four minutes. So this is a golden time The brain may suffer irreversible damage So we need to give proper CPR within the four minutes That is the first four minutes when the patient suffers the problem So that is a golden period if we are not giving CPR within the four minutes There will be irreversible cerebral damage then there is no scope of recovery So that is why Any person has to do a layman has to do this CPR because The person who's facing this problem might be anywhere on the road on the park on the School anywhere. So if a person knows CPR, he can do CPR within four minutes So he can sustain for a much longer period and the medical intervention or the advanced treatment can bring back the person to normalcy So what is the procedure of CPR? So we are going to learn the procedure So it is a sequence of procedures performed to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after a sudden pulmonary or or and cardiac arrest So we are bringing back to Or we are trying to restore the circulation of oxygenated blood after the sudden pulmonary That means lengths and or cardiac arrest. So cardiac arrest or length Problem we need to Bring back the oxygen blood oxygenated blood that is a blood which goes to lengths and get Oxygenator get purified and comes back to heart and pumps to various parts of the body including brain So it includes two things. This is why it is very simple one is just compression and one is rescue breathing So any person can do just compression and rescue breathing So it doesn't require any special equipments. It doesn't require any expertise or any medical knowledge Only he has to do just compression and rescue breathing in a 30s to 2 manner. So I'll explain you that So these are the Steps or the step-by-step procedure of CPR. The first one is approach the person safely Thing is we need to watch the person properly. Sometimes the patient is suddenly collapsing He might not be on a cardio pulmonary resuscitation Need because he might be feeling just a gittiness and he is on a syncop Scenario. So that time we should not do just compression or rescue breathing So we need to watch the person properly Then check for the response. Okay We need to call the patient. We need to ask. Are you all right if patient responds? Then we can leave the patient or leave the person as you find it and we can Ask what is wrong? What is happening? So that patient is not requiring CPR. Okay So that is the second step. So any person who is collapsing any person who is suddenly Falling on the ground does not require CPR procedure So who all needs CPR? So If the person is not responding, okay If the person is not responding first thing we need to do we need to ask for help We cannot be a Superman. We cannot be a superwoman. We need to ask for help. Okay So once the help been asked then we need to open airway So this is how we need to open the airway of that patient that is head tilt and chin lift Which any person can do a non-healthcare rescues The procedure is head tilt and chin lift we need to tilt the head and chin So we should not put our fingers into mouth to clear the airway only if we suspect any foreign object Seer is entrapped in the airway We can put the fingers and remove that foreign object. Otherwise we should not put our fingers into that suspected person's mouth So that is the next step open airway then we need to Go for The breathing we need to check the breathing we need to assess the breathing is proper or it is a agonized breathing So we can Check breathing by looking listening and feeling. Okay. We need to look for the chest and abdomen movements We can listen it and we can feel it So we can Go closer to the patient's nostrils and we can see any air passages happening And we should not confuse the agonal breathing agonal breathing is difficult breathing when a person is in a very distressed person describes Breathing as heavy and his person's breathing is very noisy or gasping type breathing that is agonal breathing That is not the normal breathing what he does So it occurs basically when After the heart stops in up to 40 percentage of cardiac arrest cases, okay So it is or it might be a sign of cardiac arrest this agonal breathing patient is trying very hard to breathe So we need to Confirm that it is not agonal breathing. So normal breathing if it is not there Then we should start giving CPR that is just compression and rescue breathing. So Once any help we got we need to call for ambulance so it depends from area to area one zero eight one one two So we need to ask for medical assistance because they will be having artificial fiber later or the better Emergency kit so they can easily bring back the person back to normalcy so once we call the ambulance or we Seek medical assistance. We need to start chest compression. Okay, so that is the most important part So we should not directly jump to step seven and step eight We need to go through this because it doesn't take much time. It is just 10 to 20 seconds job So just compression is 30 just compression after that we need to give to breathing that is a sequence So, how do we perform chest compression? So just like this Place the heel of one hand in the center of the chest That is on the sternum. That is a mid bone, which is a middle part of our two Half of the chest then place the other hand on top just like the picture and Interlock fingers then compress the chest in a rate of hundred minute So it should be four to five centimeter depth we need to push it four to five centimeter Down and we should do equal compression and relaxation. We should push relax push relax So if we have a support We can replace the helper after two minutes So if we are doing compression for two minutes, then we can ask the next person to take over So once 30 compression is done, we need to give to rescue breathing So this is how we do that is a pinch the nose then take a normal breath place lips over Oh, so you need to blow very firmly so that the chest rises with the effect of your blow Then allow the chest to fall then we need to repeat. So after 30 compression, we need to give to rescue breathing So that is a procedure. So we need to continue this. Okay, we need to continue this until the patient recovers recovers means patient show some sign of recovery some sign of Severe coughing or we get a pulse. We can check the pulse radial pulse Or arterial pulse. So once you get the pulse, it might be feeble, but still once you get the pulse or He starts breathing or agonal breathing So till that moment we need to keep The CPR okay So This is a life-saving mechanism, but still it has got many disadvantages So you might have remembering Michael Jackson the pop singer's last moment It was in the news when the person was giving CPR when he faced his cardiac arrest The person literally broke the ribs because he was giving too much pressure Okay, so it not give too much pressure So there are so many complications if we are not doing it properly because it can cause coronal vessel injury diaphragm injury hemopericardium hemothorax interference with ventilation liver injury Myocardial injury Then rip fractures plane injury and sternal fracture. So we should do Properly so any person who knows Basic anatomy of body and this 30 is to 2 that is just compression or rescue breathing Can save a person's life So that's all about CPR. This is a commonly asked short knot in oral surgery So hope you understood this well known technique of CPR So I'll come up with a new topic in oral surgery. Thank you