 పరికాయినౕపతక ందికిచికికివే. పరికికి ఇనికికరికి మనందికి అగాడ౿యారకి. Sudan మయికికికి లందానికినికికికికి. Ökonomically depressing fluctuations in the pump prices of petrol or premium motor-spirit PMS and diesel or automotive gas or AGO have been a significant concern for the citizens. The pump price of these petroleum products has seen several iterations over the years influenced by various factors including global oil prices and poor government policies particularly with respect to local value addition to the crude extracted from our territory which has endorsed the infamy of being the only oil exporting nation without a functioning refinery. When democracy was restored in 1999, the pump price of PMS was relatively stable with the government fixing it at around 20 naira per litre however this changed in 2000 when the government increased the price to 30 naira per litre due to the regulation of the downstream petroleum sector. This decision was made with public protest and backlash leading to negotiations which labour unions and subsequent reductions in the price. Between 2000 and 2003 there were continued adjustments in the pump price of PMS with the government trying to strike a balance between the market forces and the need to alleviate the burden of the citizens. Variations were made depending on the prevailing crude oil prices and the value of the naira however in 2003 the pump price was further increased to 42 naira per litre due to the government's decision to remove subsidies on petroleum products which led to another round of protest and strikes. The subsequent years witnessed further upward and downward adjustments in the pump price of PMS mainly due to changes in global crude oil prices. In 2004 the price was reduced to 34 naira per litre but by 2007 it had risen to 65 naira per litre In 2008 global economic challenges and rising crude oil prices prompted the Nigerian government to increase the pump price to 79 naira per litre even though the initial proposal was 120 naira per litre. In 2012 the government introduced fuel subsidy removal and implemented the deregulation policy leading to an increase in pump price of PMS to 97 naira per litre. This moved triggered widespread protests across the country and eventually the government reached an agreement with labour unions to reduce the price to 87 naira per litre. In 2016 when global crude oil prices plummeted the Nigerian government reduced the pump price of PMS to 86 naira per litre However the price was increased to 145 naira per litre in May 2016 reflecting a 67% increase due to the removal of fuel subsidies. This drastic increase in price sparked intense public outcry and nationwide demonstrations. Consequently the government engaged in negotiations with labour unions and reduced the price to 123 naira per litre. Since then the pump price of PMS has gone satisfactory per litre especially under the incumbent administration where the average per litre price of petrol nationally is now around 650 naira is somewhat manipulated price. Not reflective of the subsidy is gone quote on quote PMS has reflected in AGOs which is now 1350 naira per litre In terms of AGO the price has also experienced similar fluctuations over the years In 1999 the pump price of AGO was around 11 naira per litre and it steadily increased over time By 2011 the price has risen to 141 naira per litre In recent years the price of AGO has reached between 200 naira per litre and above 1000 naira per litre subject to similar factors affecting PMS It is important to note that these historical variations in pump prices are influenced by a multitude of complex factors and governments have often faced challenges in finding the right balance The pump price of petroleum products in Nigeria remains a sensitive and evolving issue intricately connected to global oil markets and domestic policies In conclusion, nothing reflects the failure of national leadership Governments enable that the first train of the negative factors which are making Nigeria's landlord speaking as the citizens to be sleeping under the bridge And that's it on the show tonight I am Bola Over