 Human settlements are a major driver of environmental change, putting pressure on the natural environment. This theme focuses on urban settlements, which are home to the majority of Queenslanders. The way in which population growth and expansion occurs can affect quality of life and will cause changes in land use, not only in these urban areas, but also in adjacent rural locations. Good design and planning is essential for creating more liveable urban areas, while reducing impacts on the environment. New housing types that meet changing lifestyles and demographic needs can improve housing choice and affordability and help minimise urban sprawl. Well-planned, higher-density residential areas can create more connected communities by providing easy access to essential services as well as green spaces and outdoor recreation areas. An efficient, reliable transport network also plays an important role in improving the livability of urban areas and reducing emissions. High-quality, high-frequency public transport systems provide economic and social benefits, improve social cohesion and help reduce pollution. Good bikeway networks in urban areas can promote healthy living by reducing independence on cars and encouraging a more active lifestyle. Effective planning and management is essential for ensuring the long-term sustainability and prosperity of Queensland's environment and its communities.