 Let's examine steam-based power generation here What happens here in is feed water, which is high-pressure water from a feed water pump Which pumps from atmospheric pressure to high pressure goes into the boiler. This is the water that is fed and fuel and air are fed into the boiler where they're burnt and the heat is transferred to heat is transferred From this fuel and air to the boiler and it boils the water and turns it into steam the steam high-pressure high-temperature steam goes to the turbine and turns the turbine shaft, which is connected to a generator and The steam once it gives up the energy This low-pressure steam that comes out from the turbine is condensed in a condenser Because this is still steam and it occupies you know compared to water a lot of volume and We could send this one back again to the boiler this high low-pressure steam But the wall the pump power is based on the volume that we pump back so this volume being very high still is condensed into water or steam and Heat is actually rejected here or transferred to cooling water and The clean water goes back to the feed water pump. It takes less energy To pump the water compared to the low-pressure steam that is the reason we even though we dump or we We reject this heat still the cycle has Viability so that's how the steam-based power generation occurs and Gas-based power generation is slightly different. This is again details showing how it is done Basically, you know in a boiler you put coal or oil or gas or Or actually for that matter Even nuclear power is more or less the same only thing is the fuel is nuclear fuel But once the water turns into steam rest of it is the same in nuclear power plant So coal oil gas Or biomass any fuel that burns is exactly the same way you turn First the chemical energy into my into thermal energy and thermal energy into mechanical energy in a turbine and this turbine turns the armature in a in a generator and which generates the electricity and The low-pressure steam that is going from here from the turbine actually is condensed in a condenser and Condensing water which goes in Becomes warm and it comes out and goes to a very high Heights and then it is sprayed in a cooling tower and and the energy is transferred to air and The water comes down and it is recycled. So those are the details here and Gas turbine is slightly different gas turbine where it is compressed as you can see here it goes into a compressor and it is compressed to high pressures during this compression the temperature increases and We also inject fuel into this combustor where the fuel burns and it gets to a high temperature and that hot gas actually turns the turbine here and When it turns the turbine It generates power some of it is used for the compression of this air and rest of it goes to the power turbine Which is basically You get the power output here and the hot gas that comes out is rejected here This is the type of turbine that is used in Both the aircrafts as well as land-based power generation and this is based on Brayton cycle and the exhaust gas gets out and and It can burn here the fuel can be liquid fuel like in aircrafts or we can use natural gas as gaseous fuel on land-based or synthetic gas or any fuel gas that is available and Although we are showing these units as separate units compressor combustor turbine Typically, they're all in one assembly here as you can see in this picture So the air and air enters here and it gets compressed and after compression you can see there are various stages of compression here and You they need to the combustor you inject the fuel and then again the power shaft and Turbine part of it expands the gas and you get the power from here from the other side So this is gas turbine based power generation And an improvement over this cycle the previous cycle the steam cycle was based on Rankin cycle This is based on Brayton cycle, but we can also combine both actually so you can see the gas turbine part is over here and The gas turbine Exhaust that is coming out still it being hot can be sent to his heat recovery steam generator Which are her seg HRS G where water is introduced Water goes through actually and then turns into steam that steam can go and turn another steam turbine and produce some more power here This is Combined cycle where you are combining gas cycle with steam cycle and here the gases after cooling down To the maximum possible level is or sent out these gases are sent out So the efficiency of combined cycle based power generation is obviously much higher It can go almost up to 50 percent compared to a gas turbine based power generation of 40 45 percent and And Rankin generation is 35 36 37 percent So it is it is an improvement