 perovskite solar cells, PSEs, have been gaining increasing attention due to their high efficiency and low cost fabrication. However, there are still several challenges that need to be addressed before they can be used commercially. These include device instability, JV hysteresis, and lead toxicity. Research has focused on understanding the underlying mechanisms behind these issues and developing solutions to overcome them. Additionally, the crystalline structure of perovskites and its effect on device performance must be considered when designing new devices. This article was authored by Zhinchi Shure and a HALAPIDIA H. GIATISA.