 A very good evening aspirants. We have an announcement for you. As you are aware, we have already announced the results of the entrance exam for Prefit program on our website. The exam was conducted on 7th February and the top 100 rankers in the entrance exam will avail 50 percentage fee concession for the enrollment of the program for the first month. And here note that the enrollment or registration for the first month of Prefit is open now. The first month of Prefit starts from 15th February that is from Monday. The link for the enrollment and details of the program is given in the description box and in the comment section. Also note that the enrollment or registration for the first month of Prefit will be open only till 5 p.m. or 14th February that is the registration for the first month of Prefit program will close at 5 p.m. on Sunday. So don't forget to register. With this, let us move on to the Hindi news analysis for the date 12th February 2021. The list of news articles chosen for today's analysis is given here along with the page numbers of different editions of Hindi newspaper. Let us start our discussion with this first news article which talks about spinal muscular atrophy. See it is a genetic disorder that is characterized by weakness and wasting in muscles that is used for movement and atrophy is the word that denotes wasting and the muscles that is used for movement are the skeletal muscles and that is why this disorder is named as muscular atrophy and this genetic disorder is caused by loss of specialized nerve cells which are called as motor neurons and these motor neurons control muscle movement. Now the protein needed for this signalling is coded by a gene for which everyone has two copies. One copy is from the mother and the other is from the father and a child develops this disorder only if both the copies are faulty and there are many types of spinal muscular atrophy or SMA that are caused by changes in same genes and the types differ in age of onset of the disorder and also the severity of muscle weakness and note that this genetic disorder most often affects babies and children and it makes it hard for them to use their muscles so when a child has SMA there is a breakdown of the nerve cells in the brain and in the spinal cord. Now this disease is ultimately fatal and as the disease progresses it makes extremely difficult for the babies to carry out even the basic activities like sitting up, lifting their head or even swallowing milk. So do we have any treatment for this? Yes it is the Zolgensma. This Zolgensma is a revolutionary treatment and it works by supplying a healthy copy of the faulty gene so it allows the nerve cells to start producing the needed protein and when the needed protein is produced it halts the deterioration of the nerve cells and it allows the baby to grow more normally but the issue is this drug costs around 16 crore rupees and which is one of the reasons why this genetic disorder is in news. The news is that a 14 month old baby from Uttara Kannada has received this Zolgensma for free. It is because the baby was the lucky winner of the lottery through a compassionate access program by Novatus. Here note that Novatus is a Swiss drug maker. So we can say that this 14 month old baby is fortunate enough to get this treatment but unfortunately around 38 babies have died because of this genetic disorder in the last 1.5 years in Karnataka itself. So let us hope that many babies could get this treatment or some other treatment could be developed by the scientific community. So these are some of the points that you should note from this news article. Now let's move on to the next discussion. Now this discussion is based on this editorial article which talks about the issues associated with cryptocurrencies. This article has been written in the wake of a recent statement made by the Minister of State for Finance. In his statement the Minister confirmed about the introduction of a bill for the regulation of cryptocurrencies in the near future. So in this regard let us see what is the cryptocurrency, what are the issues associated with it and what is the need of the hour. The syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First what are cryptocurrencies? See it is a digital money which is totally online and it has got no physical coin or bill. It is stored in a digital wallet and it is stored either online or in a computer or also in a hardware. These cryptocurrencies can be transferred online without an intermediary like a bank. So the cryptocurrencies are generally used to make quick payments and they are used to avoid transaction fees. Now mainly people invest in cryptocurrencies in the hope that their values may rise in the future but its value is unpredictable that is volatile. So anytime its worth may go down and once it has gone down there is no guarantee that it will rise up. So how can a cryptocurrency can be bought? It can be bought using credit card or also through mining. See when cryptocurrencies are bought through mining it is called as crypto mining. It is a process of earning cryptocurrencies without spending money. See in mining cryptocurrencies are gained by solving cryptographic equations through the use of computers and this process involves validating the data blocks and adding the transaction records to a ledger which is a public record which is known as blockchain. Now what are the issues associated with a cryptocurrency? An important concern is that it is not backed by the government or a central bank that is it does not have the same protection as that of a money in a bank account. See for example you are storing your cryptocurrencies in a digital wallet provided by a company. If suppose the company goes out of business or the computers or profiles of that company are hacked then there is no guarantee that you may get back the money. So here the government may not be able to step up and help you in getting your money back like it usually does in the case of the money that is stored in a bank or credit union. Then another major problem associated with cryptocurrency is the issue of untraceable financial transactions. See cryptocurrencies offer pseudo anonymity or semi anonymity so they may facilitate crimes like drug trafficking, prostitution, terrorism, money laundering, tax evasion and other illegal activities which may benefit from moving money in untraceable ways. Other than this there is also the issue of cryptocurrency scams. See in a cryptocurrency scam people are offered investment and business opportunities promising double investment or financial freedom. Then there is also an issue of cryptojacking. In cryptojacking the scammers use your own computer and smartphones processing power for mining of cryptocurrency for their own benefit and they will do this without your permission. So these are some of the problems that are associated with cryptocurrencies. So from this it is clear that we need legislations to regulate cryptocurrency in our country. So the government statement about bringing a law on cryptocurrency is a welcome move and encouraging because it is expected to put an end to the existing multiple interpretations regarding cryptocurrency's legalities in India. The lack of clear expression about the legality of cryptocurrency existed because government was keep on suggesting that it doesn't consider cryptocurrency to be a legal tender. That is government doesn't consider cryptocurrency as a form of money that is recognized as a satisfactory payment for the monetary debt. Other than this previously the government was unable to legislate laws because of its volatility and because it could be used in illicit internet transactions and it could also be used outside the ambit of the government that is wholly outside the bounds of the Indian legal state. And because of these confusions and also because the government was unable to arrive at a legislation in the year 2018 RBI sent a circular to the banks. This circular directed the banks not to provide services for those who are trading with cryptocurrencies. But this circular was set aside with the Supreme Court claiming that it is disproportionate. It is because Supreme Court stated that central bank never announced that cryptocurrencies are banned in India and further central bank or the RBI has continuously maintained that cryptocurrencies were not banned in India. So simply RBI cannot ask the banks not to provide services for those who are trading in cryptocurrencies. Then another reason for the decision of Supreme Court is that RBI could not prove or show that the entities under RBI's regulation were negatively impacted by cryptocurrency transactions. So why such a confusion exists around cryptocurrency and its regulation? It is mainly because there is lack of legal framework by regulatory bodies also like RBI SEBI for regulating the cryptocurrencies and they are not regulating it since the cryptocurrencies can neither be classified under currencies nor under assets or securities or commodities issued by an identifiable user. But even among all these ambiguities cryptocurrency users were growing. If you take bitcoin it has achieved new heights in the rate and it has also managed to get influential followers like Elon Musk also who is the founder of Tesla. So now a question arises whether to have a legislation or to completely ban it. According to the author the need of the hour is a smart regulation on cryptocurrency rather than a complete ban. It is because as for the findings of an Indian ministerial committee trading in cryptocurrencies still exists in China. See China already banned cryptocurrencies and as you know China also controls the internet but still trading in cryptocurrencies has been low in China but it is not completely non-existent. In addition to this as per the study of the Indian ministerial committee the countries that the committee studied had opted for regulations only. But despite all these examples the committee finally has recommended an outright ban on cryptocurrency and it also asked for an official digital currency as well as it asked for promoting the underlying blockchain technology. But here author is of the opinion that it is advisable for the government to not impose a ban but rather to push for a smart regulation. So these are some of the points that I should take from this editorial article now let's move on to the next discussion. This discussion is based on this opiate article which discusses in detail about the India's digital services tax. This article discusses whether India's digital services tax is discriminatory or not. So in this context let us have a detailed discussion about the digital services tax equalization levy then concerns raised by other countries regarding this. The syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. First you should note that the finance act of 2016 has inserted a provision regarding equalization levy. So what is an equalization levy? It is defined as the tax imposed on consideration received or consideration receivable for any specified service or any specified e-commerce supply or services. In simple terms equalization levy is the digital services taxes which is levied by India on the non-resident commercial entities and according to the 2016 finance act the equalization levy was of 6 percentage and this levy was not to be charged if the non-resident has a permanent establishment in India or if the amount of consideration is less than 1 lakh rupees. So like this there were many conditions where the levy will not be charged but then in 2020 the scope of equalization levy was expanded by the finance act of 2020. Under this 2020 act equalization levy was fixed at 2 percentage which will be charged on the amount of consideration received or receivable by an e-commerce operator from e-commerce supply or services provided and such levy will not be charged if the e-commerce operator has a permanent establishment in India and the e-commerce supply or service is effectively connected to it. It will also be not charged if the sales turnover or gross receipts of the e-commerce operator from the e-commerce supply and services is less than 2 crore rupees during the previous year. So like this there were many conditions listed by the finance act of 2020 under which the levy will not be charged. Now after this move of the government the office of the United States Trade Representative that is USTR published a report in this regard and in this report USTR concluded that this 2 percentage digital services tax or the equalization levy of India is discriminatory against the US businesses. It also blamed that this contravenes the settled principles of international tax law and it also restricts US commerce but later India and US held a bilateral consultation in this regard in which India emphasized that the equalization levy is not at all discriminatory and the argument put forward by Indian government is that equalization levy seeks to ensure a level playing field among the e-commerce activities that are undertaken by entities resident in India and the e-commerce activities undertaken by those that are not resident in India or those do not have a permanent establishment in India. So we can see that this is an issue of taxing the digital companies but this is the first time such an issue is arising it is not. Here the author has given the example of BEPS that is base erosion and profit shifting program of organization of economic cooperation and development. This BEPS refers to tax planning strategies that is used by multinational enterprises which exploit the gaps and mismatches in the tax rules to avoid the paying of tax. So to counter this BEPS the OECD and G20 inclusive framework on BEPS was proposed and as of now over 135 countries are implementing the 15 actions under this framework to tackle the tax avoidance and to also improve the coherence of international tax rules and to ensure a more transparent tax environment and in this one of the main points was regarding the spread of digital economy and the challenges posed by the digital economy for international taxation. So that means international taxation has always been an issue regarding the digital companies. So in this regard only the 2016 act and 2020 finance act is important and another 2016 finance act India became the first country to implement the equalization levy on advertising services at 6 percentage and later under the finance act 2020 also amended the income tax act of 1961 and it included the term significant economic presence. See significant economic presence of non-resident in India shall constitute the business connection in India therefore it gives India the right to tax. Here we have given you what constitutes a significant economic presence for your reference you can go through it. So based on this only India is arguing that it can impose equalization levy. But things became complicated when the US during the 2020 G20 meeting demanded for a safe harbor basis in this regard. So what is a safe harbor? It is a legal provision to reduce or eliminate the legal or regulatory liability in certain situations as long as certain conditions are met. So this means the say of a company will be more regarding the tax regulations. So many countries are against this safe harbor basis provision but is this issue of equalization levy limited to India? It is not because apart from India US has also initiated investigation into the similar provisions of DST that is put forward by Italy Turkey and United Kingdom. Now in this regard you must know about the 2016 report of Akhilesh Ranjan committee or the committee on taxation of e-commerce. It was constituted by the central board of direct taxes. It was constituted to resolve the issues relating to e-commerce transactions and to bring greater clarity and predictability in the applicable tax regime. And this committee has recognized the need to create a level playing field between the digital and traditional enterprises. So it proposed that equalization levy may be imposed on specified digital services and facilities including online marketing and advertisements, cloud computing, website designing, hosting etc. And based on this only the equalization levy of 2016 was conceptualized. And India argues that once there is global consensus on this issue the equalization levy would cease to exist. But we can note that there are differences between the equalization levy or the DST imposed by India and other countries. For example if you take United Kingdom it considered public opinion while imposing a DST whereas India's decision to impose DST in 2020 lacked the public consultation. And author also notes that United Kingdom allows companies to not pay any tax if their net operating margin is negative. See operating margin is a profitability ratio that shows how much profit a company makes from its core operations in relation to the revenues it brings into the company. So if this net operating margin is negative then UK will not levy the DST. But this is not the case with India because India's equalization levy is taxed on revenue and not on the profits of the company. Then another difference is that the companies selling their own inventories are explicitly excluded from the scope of DST under the UK regulation that is United Kingdom's regulation. But this is not the case with India. So this is why author says that DST of UK is better placed compared to India's DST. So we can see that India's DST is different from other countries DST. But whether it is discriminatory and whether it is discriminatory particularly against US digital services companies the answer is no because the equalization levy does not discriminate against any US companies because it applies equally to all non resident e-commerce operators irrespective of their country of residence. Then why US is saying this? It is because the digital market is dominated by US firms. So this equalization levy applies to many of the US firms. So this market structure is the reason why US feels that India's equalization levy is discriminatory against it. So we can say that US is unnecessarily blaming India and also USTR has initiated an investigation under its US law only that is US trade act of 1974 and this investigation has not been initiated under any international regulation. So we can see that the action against India itself is one sided. So here the need is an amicable solution between the countries rather than imposing strict trade tariffs. So as a conclusion authors have suggested that countries shall work together to design a taxing mechanism because taxing digital companies is an international issue. And such an international mechanism should provide an international body to look at the disputes rather than individual countries like USA. So these are some of the points that you should take note from this opiate article. Now let's move on to the next discussion. Now this discussion is based on these two news articles out of which one is an opiate article. These talk about the recent glacial lake outburst which happened in Uttarakhand. So let us see what the authors of these articles have to say about the recent disaster. The syllabus that is relevant to this discussion is given here for your reference. In these articles authors have listed the vulnerabilities with respect to the region that resulted in such severe flood. In our previous analysis we have seen that the rising temperatures in the Indian Himalayan region are leading to a rapid increase in the number of glacial lakes and also increase in the area of glacial lakes. And these have the potential to cause destruction in the Himalayan states. And here the author of the opiate article has pointed out that there is an impending disaster in the state due to climate change, due to rapid and indiscriminate construction activities and also due to the subsequent ecological destruction in the region. But what is the actual reason or the immediate cause for the current deluge or severe flood in Uttarakhand? One of the reasons for this is given by the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology. It has stated that a rock mass has been weakened from years of freezing and by thawing of snow. So this may have led to the creation of weak zone and fractures in the region. And this might have led to a collapse that resulted in the flash floods. But here author notes that many studies have shown that the human encroachments could destroy the natural barriers that control avalanches and floods in the region. Moreover, he also attributes the current deluge to the use of explosives in the construction of dams and other infrastructures because these explosives could have caused huge ecological instability in the region. And all these increase the possibilities of a glacial lake or burst flood. But the most worrisome fact is that already many reports have assessed the region's vulnerability and have predicted such a severe flood. So what are these reports and committees? Firstly, author talks about the Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment Report of 2019. It was released by the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development. This report pointed out that one-third of Hindu Kush Himalaya's glaciers would melt by the year 200. And this would potentially destabilize the river regime in Asia itself. And this report predicted that this will happen even if all the countries in the region fulfill their commitments under the Paris Agreement. Then the second notable report was the 2014 report of an expert committee which was led by Dr. Ravi Chopra. The committee was constituted to assess the role of dams in exacerbating or worsening floods in the aftermath of the 2013 Uttarakhand floods. The report by this committee provided hard evidence on how haphazard construction of dams was causing an irreversible damage to the region. And in this regard, you should note this second news article which is with reference to an interview with Dr. Ravi Chopra itself and he is attributing the current disaster entirely as man-made. According to him, the dams and hydroprojects which are man-made should not be built above elevations of 2200 meters as this region is known as the Paraglacial Zone. He is stating this because this region has a very high risk potential and they are a danger to the people's living downstream. He also notes that he has already warned at various occasions about the risks associated with the construction of dams and hydroprojects in the region. And not only his committee, also other subsequent committees also suggested to stop the unrestrained dam development in the region and in this regard he has noted that some of the key recommendations were accepted by the center and the state governments and many of the new projects were cancelled in this regard. But still there are existing hydroprojects in the region. But the main problem in this region is that till now hydro power projects are the only reasonable source of electricity to meet the developmental demands of the Himalayan region. So in this regard, Mr. Ravi has suggested that there must be a solar power-based development instead of hydro power. Then there will not be any need for the development of hydro power projects in the region and he has also suggested that companies that will not be power-intensive should be developed in the region such as the service-based companies including the tourism related companies and information technology companies. So this is the suggestion provided by Mr. Ravi Chopra. Now what about the suggestion given by the author of the open article? First the author has suggested to invest in long-term crisis response mechanisms and resilience solutions and he has also suggested some immediate steps in this regard which includes investing in resilience planning especially in the flood prevention and rapid response. Then he also suggests for climate-proofing the infrastructure such as by applying road stabilization technologies and by strengthening the existing structures. Then he suggests reassessing the development of hydro power and the other public infrastructure in the region. Next suggestion is investing in robust monitoring and early warning systems that could warn about such disasters along with this establishing implementable policies and regulatory guidelines is also necessary to carry out the above. And then finally there is a need to invest in training and capacity building of local communities so as to prevent and manage the risks effectively. So these are some of the points that you should take note from these two news articles. Now let's move on to the next discussion. Now our next discussion is based on this news article which talks about the data on persons with disabilities-friendly transports and it also talks about accessible India campaign in this regard. So first let us see what is this campaign then we'll see about the data. See this accessible India campaign or AIC is also known as Sugamya Bharat Abhyan. It is a nationwide flagship campaign of Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities and this department is under the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment and the aim of this campaign is to make a barrier-free and conducive environment for persons with disabilities all over the country and this campaign was launched in the year 2015 and the campaign is based on the principles of social model of disability which means disability is caused by the way society is organized and it is not because of the persons limitations or impairments. So for creating the universal accessibility for persons with disabilities the campaign has been divided into three verticals. They are built environment, transport and then information and communication technology ecosystem. So based on these three verticals there are three subcategories which have different targets. The first subcategory is the built environment accessibility. Under this the targets are completing accessibility audit of at least 25 to 50 most important government buildings in 50 cities and then making them fully accessible. The next target is making 50 percentage of all the government buildings of national capital territory and all the state capitals fully accessible by December 2018 and then the next target is completing accessibility audit of 50 percentage of government buildings and making them fully accessible in 10 most important cities or towns of states by December 2019. But this news article doesn't talk about whether these targets have been fulfilled or not rather it talks about the next subcategory which is transport accessibility component. Now under this the targets are to make all international airports fully accessible by 2016 and making domestic airports accessible by 2018. Next target is to make 50 percentage of realizations fully accessible in the country and the third category is to make 25 percentage of government owned public transport carriers to be made fully accessible by March 2018 and today's news mentions that this deadline has been postponed to June 2022 and the news article also mentions certain data regarding this. It mentions that as of December 2020 less than 7 percentage of public buses in the country were fully accessible to wheelchair users and according to the data from social justice and empowerment ministry about 28.6 percentage of total buses that are operated by the state road transport undertakings were partially accessible and around 6.9 percentage were only fully accessible. Now the next subcategory is accessibility to information and communication system and the target under this was to make at least 50 percentage of central and state government websites accessible by March 2027. So in some other discussion we'll see whether the other targets have been fulfilled or not. Now today let us finish with this data regarding transport accessibility only. So now let's move on to the next discussion. Now this discussion is based on this news article which talks about Pakistan's successful training launch of barber cruise missile. So in this context let us discuss in brief about what is a cruise missile and also about the barber cruise missile. See first of all a missile is a rocket propelled weapon that is designed to deliver an explosive warhead with great accuracy and at high speed and these missiles range from small weapons to large strategic weapons and these small weapons are effective only up to few hundred feet but the large strategic weapons have got ranges of several thousand miles. Now based on the type missiles are generally classified into cruise missiles and ballistic missiles and our today's focus is on cruise missile. A cruise missile is a unmanned self-propelled guided vehicle that sustains its flight through aerodynamic lift and these cruise missiles fly within the earth's atmosphere and they make use of the jet engine technology and they have their own engine so their path can be altered even after they are launched or after they are fired. Now talking about the barber cruise missile of Pakistan it is a cruise missile with a range of 450 kilometers it is capable of engaging targets both at land and also at sea and it is said to have high precision and this missile was launched at Pakistan from a state-of-art multi-tube missile launch facility. Now what about India? India has the cruise missiles of Brahmos and Nirbhai. Brahmos is a two-stage missile which has got a strong propellant booster engine this engine is at its first stage which brings it to a supersonic speed and then it gets separated and in the second stage the missile is taken closer to three max speed in cruise space and Brahmos has special features of stealth technology and also guidance system with advanced embedded softwares. Now this Brahmos works on a fire and forget principle which means it doesn't require or it doesn't need any further guidance after its launch. Now next one is Nirbhai it is a long-range subsonic cruise missile that is capable of deep penetration into the adversary territory and Nirbhai can strike high-value targets with precision. This missile is being adopted for launch from sea and also from air platforms and note that India is in the list of select few countries that have the capability to design and develop this class of cruise missiles. So these are some of the points that you should know about cruise missiles now let's move on to the next discussion. Now this discussion is based on this news article which says that the internet and mobile association of India that is IAMAI has announced that 17 platforms have adopted a toolkit for effective implementation of the self-regulation code that was introduced last year and these platforms include Netflix, Hotstar and Amazon Prime Video etc etc. Now this toolkit will guide the signatories on various dimensions like laws, then grievance redressal mechanism, then training for creative and legal teams and then awareness programs for consumers. Here note that IAMAI is a not-for-profit industry body registered under the Societies Registration Act of 1860 its mandate is to expand and enhance the online and mobile value added services sectors. So it is not a government body but it is an industry led body like AsoCham. Also remember that government has recently announced that it will release guidelines for OTT platforms where these Netflix, Hotstar and Amazon Prime Video have major roles to play but even before these guidelines OTTs themselves have adopted a self-regulation code last year which is mentioned in the news article as we just saw. Now this assumes significance as there are many shows on OTTs which are showing nudity and which are also disrespecting national and religious sentiments. So now what is this OTT? OTT is the short form of over the top provider. It can be defined as a service provider offering information communication technology services but this service provider neither operates a network nor leases network capacity from a network operator. Instead the service provider rely on the global internet and access network speeds to reach the users. Hence they are going over the top of telecom service providers network. For example we are watching this video in YouTube. Now YouTube uses the internet to serve the consumers but it does not own any internet network nor it has leased any internet network but it just operates on top of the internet so YouTube is also an OTT service. Now based on the kind of service the platforms provide there are basically three types of OTT apps they are messaging and voice services and the examples for this could be WhatsApp, Viber. The next type is application ecosystems linked to social networks and e-commerce and the examples for this could be Amazon and Facebook and the next type is video or audio content and the examples for this could be YouTube, Netflix, Amazon Prime Video, Z5 etc and note that as of now there is no law or autonomous body governing the digital content in India. Also note that previously Center had asked the platforms to come up with a self-regulatory body like the News Broadcasting Standards Authority and as we just said before many OTTs have signed a self-developed regulatory code and soon we can also expect guidelines from the side of the government to monitor the digital content on OTTs. So these are some of the points that you should take note from this news article. Now let's move on to the next discussion. Now we have come to the last session the practice questions discussion session. This first question is a two statement question. First statement is recently India became the first country to eliminate spinal muscular atrophy in the world. Now this statement is incorrect India did not achieve any such targets. Now the second statement is spinal muscular atrophy is a genetic disease caused by loss of nerve cells which carry electric signals from the brain to the muscles. Now this statement is correct and here the question asks for the correct statement. So the correct answer is option B2 only. Now this next question is based on accessible India campaign. First statement is it is a nationwide campaign to make a barrier free and conducive environment for disabled people all over the country. This statement is correct. Now the next statement is under this campaign more than 40 percentage of public buses across the country are now made fully accessible for disabled people. Now here in this statement you should focus on the word now which makes this statement incorrect because in the discussion we saw that as of December 2020 less than 7 percentage of public buses in the country were fully accessible to wheelchair users and also government's target is just to make 25 percentage of government owned public transport carriers to be made fully accessible by June 2022. So the target itself is not 40 percentage. Hence this statement is incorrect and here the question asks for the incorrect statements. So the correct answer is option B2 only. Now this next question is based on IAMAI that is Internet and Mobile Association of India. Here the question asks with reference to the IAMAI which of the following statements is not correct. Option A it is a not for profit body registered under Society's Registration Act. This statement is correct. Option B its mandate is to expand and enhance the online and mobile value added services sectors. This statement is also correct. So it makes option D incorrect. So the correct answer is option C only which is it functions under Troy is an incorrect statement. So the correct answer is option C. Now this next question is based on over the top service which of the following come under over the top service YouTube, Netflix, WhatsApp, Flipkart, Government eMarketplace and the correct answer is option D1234 and 5 because all of these are OTT platforms. Now let us take two main questions based on GS Paper 3. You can write the answer and post it in the comment section. With this we come to the end of today's Hindi News Analysis. If you like the video don't forget to like, comment and share and do subscribe to Shankar IAS Academy YouTube channel for more updates related to civil service examination preparation.