 Hi and welcome to your theory lesson on basic diatonic analysis of a piece that's written for piano now, this is the beginning of you're really taking a look at music that's been written and and looking at it comprehensively and Analyzing exactly what's happening in the music In the case that we're about to look at there is a melody in the right hand and chords in the left hand And what we're going to do is take a look at that music Figure out what key it's in and then from there determine what chords are being used and what their function is Within this particular tune. So let's go ahead and take a look at the song Now I have written out a basic little tune I'll tell you that it is twinkle twinkle little star and Let's do a few things to determine The function of the various chords and harmonies that are written here The melody is in treble clef and the chords are in the bass clef And this looks very much like something that our beginning piano students might be taking a look at Now when we're analyzing a piece of music the first thing we want to do is to determine what key That piece is in now that is usually done By doing two things first of all we look at the key signature And if you take a look at our key signature right here, you'll notice that there are no sharps and there are no flats So that's going to begin to give away what we have you might want to refer back to your circle of fifths and If you do so you will see that that tells us that this is either in c major or in a minor Now we're going to take a closer look at the piece and we're going to know pretty quickly what key it's in And we'll take a look at this first chord and you'll notice that that first chord that's written there is c e And g and i'm guessing at this point. This is pretty fast for you and you're going to say, okay, that's a c major chord So that first chord is very important, but it's not the only determiner The other chord that I think is most important in this context is the last chord So let's go down to the last chord and you'll notice that it is also c E and g or a c major chord Now between the first chord being a c chord and the last chord being a c chord I think it's very safe for us to say that this piece is in c major So we've determined that so let's go ahead and right at the top write That the key Is in c major, okay Now the next step for us is to think about the key of c major and the function of each Chord or triad in c major now. I'm just going to remind you What those chords are and what their functions are we did this in the previous lessons In the key of c major The c chord or the chord based on c C e and g is a major one chord And then we have all of the other chords as well So we're going to refer back to this frame several times But let's just start with that first chord that we see in this particular example And we have c e and g in the left hand And in the right hand the melody we have c's and we have g's So everything in that measure really represents a c Triad so we're going to go ahead and we're going to write the roman numeral one below That measure We could write it above that major as well, whichever Kind of fits best on the page where you're working just make sure it's clear Now we could go to the last chord and do the same thing and It's pretty obviously a roman numeral one Okay, now let's move on to the second measure and let's take a look at the first chord represented in the second measure We have on the bottom. We have a c Then we have an f And we have an a Okay, now if we take a look at that closely We also probably are recognizing that that is a second inversion F chord f a and c if we come up here to the f a and c It tells us very clearly right there that we're looking at An f major chord or a four chord. So here we're going to go ahead and we're going to write Four and because it's a second inversion. It's a four six four Chord All right F a and c are all represented there and you'll even notice that up here in the top We have a's as well. So F's a's and c's in the first two beats of that measure In the third and fourth beats of the measure, we're right back to our one chord c e g with a g on top So there We're going to analyze that with a one We move on to the next Measure and there's our good old f a c again in second inversion. So this is a four six four And right back to a one chord Now if we move on to the fourth measure We're going to have a chord that looks a little bit different here We have if we analyze the notes that are in this measure we have a g On the top of the left hand A b on the bottom of the left hand A d in the right hand And then we have an f in the left hand which doesn't really fit now This is something you're going to see a lot of and in fact our Beginning piano players have been playing this from the very very beginning. This is A g triad. Let me just swing back to here The five chord is g b d Okay, so really this triad is represented here g b d But there is also an f involved the f if we counted up from the g is actually the seventh Step up from the g and we're going to call this a five Seven chord now I introduced this now because you're going to see it an awful lot So if you ever are are met with a chord that has not three pitches represented But four there's a very good chance that that fourth Pitch is the seventh and it's often found in the dominant chord or the fifth chord. This is what we call a dominant Seventh and if you play it on the keyboard, you'll really hear that that seventh even tugs us harder Back towards the one chord or the tonic and in fact, that's what happens in this piece. It goes right back to the tonic In the second half of the fourth measure Now now that we've done that top line. It's going to be pretty fast To go through everything else. Let's take a look at what else we have here The second line we have c e g and a g on top or a one chord We'll see very quickly that the second half of that measure is a four in a six four inversion The next bar starts with a one and then goes to a five Seven that we see pretty quickly now now. We're going to begin to just sort of catch these visually The next is a one To a four six four and you'll begin to see lots of repetition here one To a five seven The last line one four six four One four six four one Five seven and it ends on a one Now this is a very basic little tune that all of the harmonies are based on The one the four and the five or the five seven Chords you'll notice here that all the harmonies were created with the primary Triads of one four and five and that's really really important and very very common A great deal of the analysis that you will be doing Works this very way Um, but regardless as you're taking a look at pieces to analyze What you're really doing is looking at chunks of notes and trying to determine exactly what's happening with the harmonies sometimes A whole measure will be one chord represented sometimes It'll be two chords represented in a measure But in all honesty you will eventually come to some Analysis that might have four chords in a measure even eight chords If you have eighth notes that each eighth note might be representing a different chord It sort of depends as you get more and more Into more and more difficult literature But for now what we're really trying to do is take a look at these groups of notes and figure out the function of each of the groups of notes Let's go ahead and take a look at the assignment Good luck with the assignment. It's very similar to what we just did Please Write the analysis in and make sure that you write the key that we're in as well