 Thank you again to the high level panel for this insightful discussion on building collaboration around the regional priorities on innovation, entrepreneurship and ecosystem development. It was very insightful for me. I learned a lot that I didn't know yet. And the following session is now the second stop on our regional innovation journey in this forum. So we're going from the high level to the regional good practices accelerating ecosystem development and digital transformation. So as we have heard in the previous session, the three engines driving this transformation are the innovation ecosystem, the entrepreneurial ecosystem and the technology ecosystem. And to stay in the metaphor of engines, all our panelists for this session are engineers of these ecosystems working towards guiding innovation dynamics, building capacity and integrating ICT innovation into national development agendas. I'm looking forward to hearing about good practices they themselves are co-creating about successes that they think should be amplified and also about what challenges lie ahead, maybe especially in these times of corona. Before I introduce the panelists, let me stress how much we all look forward to the questions from the audience. So with swap card going and zoom being transmitted there, we hope to make this session as interactive as possible. And it's one of the key benefits of virtual conferences that we can all be in the same virtual room no matter where we are. So the chat on swap card is being moderated by my colleague Rikijna Shippos, and she will share your questions with me so I can share them with the panelists after our, our panel discussion in the Q&A. In zoom, we have one audio stream in English and one in French with simultaneous translation. And I want to thank the interpreters for that service and also remind all of us to be mindful of potential delays because of this and also of the fact that there's a bit of delay between zoom and swap card. So if we don't answer your question right after you've typed it in, that is because we have a bit of a delay there. And now, over to our panelists. I was asked to keep the introductions very short. Apologies to the panelists. I'm leaving out a lot of all of your impressive profiles, but I invite all the people watching to refer to the speaker profiles on swap card. There's much more information and you can network directly with the panelists. So, first of all, we have Dr. Eric Dumba here, who serves as the telecommunications advisor to the minister of post telecommunications and digital economy of the Republic of Congo, whom we heard in the high level panel earlier. Among many other roles that he fills Eric is also the focal point for the elaboration of the consensual action plan for the deployment of electronic communications infrastructure in Central Africa, and the institutional framework for its implementation. In a very similar realm, Nomso Kana is a nuclear scientist by trade and working as an entrepreneur in the broadband infrastructure sector, aiming to connect the unconnected. She is one of the presidential advisors on the fourth industrial revolution in South Africa, and also the deputy chair of the small enterprise development agency. Also, Nomso is a program director for town Ghana Africa, a nonprofit that provides high school girls from rural and underexposed sub-Saharan communities with steam education. Sheila Birgen is an ecosystem builder from Kenya, and also a policy co-creation enthusiast with more than 10 years of experience in entrepreneurship innovation and technology. After working for MLAB and I Hub, she recently started her own company, The Cord, which enables businesses from Africa to innovate, grow and scale globally. Sheila herself holds an MBA in impact entrepreneurship and she now teaches the next generation as a guest lecturer at Aga Khan University. And finally, Eva So-Ibion is the co-founder of the Innovation for Policy Foundation, supporting hashtag I for Policy, a movement of over 220 innovation communities across 48 African countries. She did lead the innovation for policy process in Senegal, a box-up approach for the adoption of the startup act, and she has stimulated innovative public policy processes in six other countries. She's also the co-founder of Kinaya Ventures, which is an open innovation platform based in Senegal and Cote d'Ivoire. Thank you all for being here, dear panelists. It's my pleasure to welcome you on this panel. And now, without further ado, I would like us to dive right in. Please tell us more about your work. I was very quick in introducing you to give you as much time and space as possible to tell us more about what you do with your words. Eric, would you like to start? I think that this kind of forum, when we don't organize it, we have the impression that at the regional level, sometimes, things don't work out. But as an initiative organization that would absolutely have to be supported, I would like to raise my voice here. Thank you to the organizers of the forum. It will give us the opportunity to talk about quite a lot of things, and to call back the best practices in the region. I would like to say a little bit about the adoption. After that, I already said everything about what we are doing here in terms of innovation at the Congo-Brazzaville level. As you already know, the Congo recently opened a regional workshop on innovation. And this workshop was held in France. We are honored during this workshop to welcome participants from several countries. And I can assure you that it has been a success because young people have expressed themselves on the blockage points that prevent them from advancing on the project. The way of conceiving the project, and even when the project is built, who needs to present it? So that was really a very delicate experience for us. This workshop has been held by a manifesto of Brazzaville who has been supported at the level of the government. Outside of this initiative, I would like to say that the Congo also has an international exchange point, which has been transformed into an international exchange point. All of this is to boost the dynamics of innovation. The minister just said earlier in his location that the Congo will soon open a regional center on artificial intelligence, at the University of Denis Sasungesu de Quintelet. In reality, this center is not a center only reserved for the students of the Congo. It is a center that is reserved for all Africans. So all Africans can integrate this center of artificial intelligence. But to summarize all this already in a little bit of play, our policy at the national level rests first of all on infrastructure, because as long as there is no infrastructure for electronic communication, obviously I don't think we can be able to develop, to innovate in one way or another. So we are trying to stabilize the internet connectivity at the national level. We must have the internet connectivity, we have put the legal and regulatory framework in place to accompany all these innovators. Earlier you heard that we are putting a legal project in place on startups. And this legal project is obviously to accompany these young innovators to put these young innovators in place to have a legal arsenal that allows them to innovate in all serenity. So I would first like to stop here, I don't know if I spoke too much, thank you. No, you did not. Absolutely not. Thank you very, very much Eric. I would like to hand over the talking stick to Eva, because I think you can connect here, especially with the startup laws. So please, Eva, also you tell us more about what you do. Thank you very much and I'm happy to be able to move on afterwards because in fact it made a lot of sense in the eyes of the different points that have been put in value. So I am co-founder of the Foundation for Innovations in terms of public policy reforms. We are born from a meeting of African innovation poles which really aimed to ask ourselves the question how can we engage our communities in public policy reforms but also how do innovations have a role to play in the relationship with our governments and in their ability to accelerate different pillars. So our goal today is first to put in place movements and strong coalitions within these different ecosystems that aim to be able to accelerate co-creation. This is a term that we hear a lot about, but a lot of innovation poles and actors of innovation have been properly spoken about and do not know how to collaborate together. It is also through these co-alitions to make sure to promote the deliberation and inclusion in public policy matters. So our movement will really come to develop different reform projects. At the continental level, we have worked with the different innovation poles of Pan-African on innovation policies. We must know that these partner communities have been mentioned today, 220 partners covering 48 countries on the continent. So it gives us the ability to really create a comfort and put in place all the sharing of experiences that we will be able to iterate today within this panel. The second point is to accompany governments. So we advise our different governments, our ministers, we have worked with nearly 17 governments on the continent to be able to engage these innovative communities and other stakeholders on these active processes in terms of reform of public policy and thus facilitate the creation between the private sector and the public sector. This has been the case, for example, with the start-up act here in Senegal. The start-up act process in RTC is based on seven countries in the region, U and Moa. In East Africa, we currently work with, in particular, communities including Chela, which is here with us and is present to push reform works around the start-up act, but also to work on the elaboration of vision for innovation or vision for entrepreneurship, as was the case in Ghana or Nigeria. Finally, we create methodologies, we create consultative framework, these methodologies, one of them which is today the one that we have been able to work on more. This is what we call innovation for policy process, which is really an iterative process of creation of public policy, but also tools, open-source tools that are available for communities in order to meet entrepreneurs, innovators, but more globally of the civil society to be able to allow the users of public policies to share their needs, but also solutions that they want to see emerging. So here is the pleasure to discuss more. Thank you very, very much Eva, that was great and already I have so many questions and I'm sure everybody else does too. But first of all, let's hear from Chela. I think you can also connect to what Eva was talking about and share more about what it is that you do, which is in a similar space but not only. So Chela, please tell us more. Thank you so much. First of all, thank you for inviting me to be part of this amazing and wonderful panel and obviously part of this event I feel quite, quite honored. My name is Chela Birgen. I am from Kenya. I run an organization called The Court. Our focus is on building ecosystems and communities, not just of entrepreneurs but also innovators and bringing the policy players into the ecosystem. I think for the longest time I've worked with the entrepreneurs across the continent. We've not always looked at government as an artistic holder in the ecosystem. We consider everybody else but government and what I came to know is the importance of policy I think over the years and how ensuring that the right policies are in place, especially with the right stakeholders is important. So my work currently is to ensure that when we talk about ecosystems we talk about complete ecosystems that involve even people we typically or traditionally wouldn't want to engage with but because they play a key role in these ecosystems we have to involve them. So our work is to bring together innovators especially with governments. We engage with corporates, we engage with governmental organizations, with development organizations but we rarely, rarely engage with government and so currently we are working with the Kenyan government through the senate on the Kenya startup bill that will go through two different processes with the National Assembly for money bill for involvement of county, like decentralized systems of government through the senate. The work that we do is to actually ensure that entrepreneurs are key stakeholders in creation of these policies. This is something we learned through the IFO policy process that we worked with, I was part of the task force and it was quite important to ensure that we kind of decentralize the policymaking process by involving the people that the policy will actually affect directly. So the consumers and implementers of those or the people that the policies will touch, how can we ensure that they are at the central of this. We also work with innovation hubs a lot of them are coming up in the continent now and I was part of the I have from the beginning I learned a lot of things running that and I currently support a number of innovation hubs that are setting up to ensure that we put the right structures in place from the beginning to support the entrepreneurs the right way. How do we understand, you know, importance of digital economy data protection different policies in place that especially young entrepreneurs when they are starting up they don't necessarily look at those things. So how do we ensure that from the what go when you're setting up a business you just don't understand business registration processes but you also understand for instance lack of, you know, submitting tax on time or what are the incentives for instance that government has put in place for you ensuring that the next generation of entrepreneurs or young Africans are very very aware about the business environment all the way from policy to the users that they work with. So in a nutshell we build communities within the innovation technology and entrepreneurship space in not just policy but also in operationalizing of the work that they do. I'll be glad to share my experience across the continent especially within those collaboration realms for innovation and entrepreneurship. Thank you. Thank you Sheila and I think this is again a perfect connection point to Nomso who is wearing the different hats of entrepreneur presidential advisor and also capacity builder for the next generation. Nomso please tell us more about your work. Thank you so much Victoria and also thank you to the fellow panelists such a privilege to be in this panel and this platform. So if I can just study it off obviously study it off as a nuclear scientist with interest on energy, alternative sources of energy and the focus for Africa not to really look into fossil fuels for our energy needs but to look at alternatives. I mean the continent that can give us such privileges in all of that I then moved into broadband infrastructure because working in mines where uranium is extracted and then building that connection I realized that there is a great need for connectivity. I think the minister that was here said something very profound but in all of that I then stepped into broadband entrepreneurship to build broadband infrastructure solutions and this is to connect the unconnected there is often a community the rural community that is neglected sometimes and these are places where you know there are no economic viabilities but you know once you give people that infrastructure and build an ecosystem to industrialize their areas then you have given them a ticket to succeed so with that all that exposure and also building ecosystems gave me a privilege now to sit in the for industrial revolution commission with our current president Sirama Posa we give advisory regarding you know this industrial revolution that is emotion that is emerging all these technologies that have been in isolation and now they are improving how business works how we develop as humans and also part of my work I coach here another forum called the alliance for AI in Africa so now this is a group of professionals that have an artificial artificial intelligence proficiency and we are building solutions to really integrate our communities to our government and all the private sector but in all of that the discussion also lies in the startup ecosystem as I sit as a deputy chairperson for the small business development agency in South Africa so this is where we really pull from the grassroots to the biggest unicorn in the country thank you so much Victoria thank you Nomsu wow my first question to kick us off and please do feel ready to just talk to each other don't wait for the moderator this moderator is more than happy if she's not needed so ecosystems as such they create a space and also a culture in which innovators thrive and where innovators can meet problem owners and sometimes the problem owners are governments and countries and I agree that for a very long time governments were not included as stakeholders in the best way that they could be but this is changing and so the development of an ICT centric innovation ecosystem is always a journey so how would you describe where your ecosystem is at on this journey so far what might be recent developments how would you estimate the performance of the ecosystem when it comes to innovation entrepreneurship technology how do they work together how would you describe that and let's just go backwards and start with Nomsu again I'll be happy to really start off Victoria if we look at the continent so South Africa is a privilege of sitting between the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean and then this gives us the opportunity to have undersea cables, international traffic lending from both the East and West so this has built up a broadband infrastructure ecosystem in which this is where I've seen that big OTTs over the top technological companies such as Google, Facebook I have interest in Africa and they have a gateway into getting into Africa building the full broadband infrastructure ecosystem so this has really over spilled in a lot innovation in the startup world you'll find that there is a rise in the fintech as well as the AI technologies that are coming up and it's because of that whole ecosystem that has been built and the key players that are playing a role right now it's obviously these international private companies and government is beginning to open up policies to ensure that you know there is a nurturing effect of these OTTs and also there is an opportunity now for African countries to get the privilege of being part of this so it's the big players obviously are the infrastructure owners and they are private and they have the funds but also government is coming in as a collaborative partner to say we are enabling this policy and this policy will ensure that the ecosystem grows thank you Eric maybe you have something to add there in terms of infrastructure development and how the government plays a role in your country for example when we organized our TV on innovation we realized that the start-ups evolved a little bit in CEO and so this workshop allowed us to put all the important parts around this workshop we had the public sector we had the technical community we had everyone around and we had this opportunity to speak and to understand what the problems were we also had this opportunity to know how we had to collaborate the private sector, the public sector and the young innovators neither part of the public sector nor part of the public sector how to make sure that they are part of this ecosystem so it has come out many elements that today have pushed us to put the start-ups because if there is not a regulatory framework that accompanies these start-ups believe me it can also be a brake for the development of African innovation that's why I encourage African countries those who may not have seen yet the part in terms of the start-up laws I don't know how it will be called in other countries but we call this the law on the start-up project so I just said in the game also that when there are no basic infrastructures the growth infrastructures are also a brake for innovation when I talk about growth infrastructures I talk about telecommunications infrastructures and the big problem we know in Africa is energy if we don't have a stability of energy obviously it's also a brake for the development of our ecosystem this is a way of saying that when we approach governments we have to do everything if we want to help the ecosystem to develop if we want to boost the innovation of our country we have an interest to stabilize the energy of our country we have an interest to participate in the closing of the digital of our country and that by placing a clear digital infrastructure especially the digital infrastructures in place we need to lower the cost of the electronic terminals that enter the country try to imagine in this country the access to a portable phone is still very difficult the access to a laptop is still very difficult that's why we have to look at the law on the start-up project we have to examine these elements how to lower the tax in a way that all these elements that contribute to the explosion of the digital that enter the framework of the development of the innovation ecosystem accessible to everyone to give everyone the opportunity to touch and develop a few days ago I was talking to a student but I'm from a family where I don't have access to a computer I'm forced to use a few times the computer of a friend to be able to work on my project that's one important point it's to say that there's still a lot of work to do for the development of the innovation ecosystem in Africa but especially the access to the terminal the access to the device it's something that we have to work on so that all the young innovators have the opportunity to work on their project thank you thank you that was very insightful and I agree it's pretty there is a gap between how start-ups think and act and what the start-up culture is and what the culture of bigger corporates and also of governments is and I'm always very impressed with people who are bridging that and I think on that note Eva I'd like to hand the mic to you what are where do you see the ecosystem and I think you can touch upon a lot of countries in the region of sub-Saharan Africa from your experience and also answering to what Eric said where do you see the region and maybe individual countries on the journey towards an ICT centric innovation ecosystem I don't know if the question is always asked to me or everyone else sorry no I wanted to ask Eva to answer to what you said to relay back to what you said about how to connect start-ups and governments and businesses how to create that round table and create that ecosystem in which different players and different actors can work together and you talked about Congo and you said you don't really know about the other countries so I was like I'm pretty sure if I might know from a few more countries so please thank you Victoria what is important to remember is that when we talk about an ecosystem we don't only talk about governments, public sector and start-ups we talk about many other actors whether they are financial partners whether they are academies all that will be training institutions but also research institutions because we will have a whole prototype that is necessary to achieve products that can be developed on our markets we will also talk about other actors such as the development partners who play today an essential role in the economic models of these different innovation fields and who will work or accompany the infrastructure for these different start-ups so we really talk about the structuring of different energies and of different collaborations I will go back to what was said previously and answer the question in two points, maybe starting with the challenges the challenges that we will note on several countries in francophone are the same and we will realize that even in other countries of the continent whether in Central Africa or in East Africa it will be different to touch of course on the infrastructure it is true that there is a real need of infrastructure which already allows not only to have access to connectivity as it has been said several times but also to have access to infrastructure of research and development to have front-products and maybe that is the reason why in francophone we will have start-ups that will be more oriented solutions than products that will allow them to prototype and re-enter the development of innovations that they put into operation there are also many other challenges that will be linked to human capital to the capacity reinforcement whether on modules or in any case very specific to the future entrepreneurial adventure but also just linked to personal development and to the capacity to be able to go in contact to collaborate with these other actors we will have other levels of challenges in relation to finance we will not have today really adapted funding mechanisms to accompany the start-ups when I take the case of the Senegal and even if as I showed the last ParTech report we saw an evolution in the investments that were made in francophone it remains very timid yet we can note in Dakar investment funds but they will turn to start-ups anglophone because there is a real need of structuring these mechanisms to put more investment funds to be able to mitigate the risks in terms of investment and I will finish by the governance because of course it is still difficult to be able to formalize its business it is still difficult to have access to certain permissions to be able to protect these innovations where we simply know how much taxes can be heavy so I will summarize in three points the reinforcement of capacity the financing mechanisms and the regulatory framework the other vision is that we still have an ecosystem that is young that we take the average on the continent today it is 21 years population less than 21 years in Nigeria the average age is 15 years so we still have a youth today who is aware of these challenges who is audacious who wants to seize these innovations but above all who is connected and I think that the fact that they are connected and the level of penetration of the mobile in Senegal more than 117% shows that we can use mobile today to bring a change whether directly for innovators but also for the users of these innovations and it goes through different things it goes first through the narrative that we will bring around the startups, the entrepreneurial ecosystem have allowed to reinforce the new African narrative have allowed to tell the good stories, have also allowed to show models to succeed models that did not work to be able to mitigate these risks but also create communities that are strong enough to overcome the challenges of the continent whether at national, regional or more global levels the other point is that we also have when we are interested in these innovations we realize that innovation is thought as a tool a tool that will allow to improve several sectors whether in relation to health culture whether agriculture we have today innovators who are interested in all these sectors and who can really change the living conditions of the population and therefore the majority on the continent and I think this is a very positive point whose dynamism today is real we also have innovations that are created all the time when I take the case of Senegal in 2011 we counted the first type of innovation in Afrique-Foncophone it was the first type of AKAR and a co-working that was chocolate by doing this same cartography at the beginning of this year we realize in Senegal that we have 44 types of innovations so it shows that there are several efforts in terms of supporting companies that there are several today capacity to be able to create communities who will work together whether in Togo whether in Kenya there are innovation poles that are created every day and that will address specific questions whether in terms of networks whether in terms of marketing or promotion whether in terms of market understanding but also on innovative models and it also leads me to another fabulous point for me is very positive it is all these big groups that you were talking about earlier who wanted today to be able to create value with these young start-ups and we have seen that it is total orange the real one we really have a big wave on the continent and even bigger companies such as the GAFA, Google, Facebook who wanted to go to meet these entrepreneurs to meet these innovation poles and see how they could create and co-create a common value and at the same time by making sure that the products that are developed can really be widely shared and have a framework of support and I will finish with the third point which is really linked to the regulatory framework which in my opinion has been really exciting sorry if I would like to interrupt at this point also because regulations are probably coming up as well but I saw Sheila nodding and I would really like to give her a chance to add to what you said about young people about capacity building about how to change the narrative of African start-ups as a whole Sheila, please Thank you, Vicky I think first of all I will go back to the infrastructure question and where we are at I think one thing that we sometimes under play is the importance of users understanding technology and that's something that I think in Kenya because of government investing in fiber optics and accessibility to internet being there a lot of people are very aware about technology and different technological products number two I think financial inclusion is one thing that we really require in this continent and the fact that we had mobile money earlier on in this country ensure that a lot of the people who were setting up businesses a lot of people who were not banked before got into the quote-unquote digital economy earlier on and so now with the start-up setting up here you see a lot of people investing in start-ups in Kenya because the penetration of products and use of technology products specifically from start-ups is a lot easier here because you don't have to invest a lot of money in user training than you would in most ecosystems I think something else that the government did that is quite commendable is all of us have to file our tax online this is something that the national revenue collector Kenya Revenue Authority have put in place and so everybody who is of age has to file tax online they can go to centers that the government has said across the country and they can do that there so interactions with technology or different technological products for users is very important and that's why also it's also quite important to bring entrepreneurs and young people who are getting into this digital economy to awareness about some of these things we already have a data protection act which shows how deliberate I think the government is in ensuring that the citizens are protected businesses are informed but also I think there's adoption of technological product which is quite important now to the question about young people and I think making sure that they leverage this opportunity I think what we've seen a lot more in this continent is now we're starting to see a lot more companies getting acquired for instance and we know the Ubuntu spirit in our continent once one of us wins all of us celebrate and all of us want to be part of that and so we will see a lot more young people getting into this innovation and entrepreneurship and technology ecosystem because they've seen what it's been doing for the longest time I think so growing up all of us wanted to get jobs in offices and because that's what we used to see you would see your aunties you would see your parents and that was the new norm but things are changing and those systems are because most of these young people are online they're getting to see such opportunities and how they can leverage them then a lot of them will start coming up with this product which is a really good thing I touch on the continent I think the average age is 17 years so I mean also the market will definitely shift towards the continent and I think in the next five years probably Africa will be the largest market of not just technology products but innovative products across so it's quite quite pertinent that governments are aware about this and they ensure that they all of us are talking about the fourth industrial revolution how can governments be deliberate in ensuring that they plug into this in Kenya our government has been working towards this we have a task force on artificial intelligence and blockchain there are a number of structures that government has to put in place but they have to involve the different stakeholders within those sectors to be able to do that and we have actually questions from the audience that touch upon exactly that point so people are asking like how exactly do I get in touch with the people from government that want to engage how do I engage them and also what are the provisions in the startup builds and I don't know who of you wants to touch upon this how do I engage with the people in government looking at also looking at Eric you are government so or kind of government so maybe one of you wants to answer here I will I will answer this question but I would also like to to talk about infrastructure to answer the question we have organized a public consultation to be able to put this law project on the startups and you know that it is not easy to have everyone but we have to arrange that all the relevant parties when I talk about all the relevant parties not only those who are in the digital but also other sectors we have even participated as we call the crowd who have problems in the Dicap who are part of this ecosystem so we have organized a public consultation it is the issue of this public consultation that we have been able to obviously elaborate on the project of the law on the startups so you just answer me your question how did we get there to bring a precision concerning infrastructure because in many countries our government has put in place the infrastructure in particular generally the most popular infrastructure today it is the fibre networks which are being deployed in all countries but what we have to keep here is that these infrastructure must be dynamic and must be adapted with needs in terms of innovation so it is said we need infrastructure connectivity so it is what we call fibre infrastructure fibre networks but next to that we need other infrastructures that must accompany innovation so we must have data centers with servers or young people who can not have access for example to a server somewhere but who are dedicated servers who are young people to be able to develop directly so that is what I want to bring as a precision in terms of infrastructure because it is the elements that are missing in many countries there are countries that have built data centers that have built large infrastructure everything was there but in these infrastructures they did not put infrastructures to accompany our young people to develop and innovate so that is what I want to see Victoria before you say anything let me just come in there and I think Dr Eric mentioned quite prominent and very good points and it is quite prudent that technology is used as a tool as a good tool for harnessing and enhancing innovation we have seen how COVID has accelerated digital transformation and this has happened across the globe one of the early adopters it is the youth availability of infrastructure to be given to the youth it is precisely one of those crossing ideas that can bring inclusion between public and private and society and targeting the youth and just on the infrastructure side Africa has a lot of landlocked countries where fiber cannot work for example and the usage of frequency wireless cannot work but that is where now we need to have an inclusion of geocentric satellites so that we are able to beam connectivity in areas where there is no connectivity SEDIC currently is sitting with 63% underdeveloped areas and those areas are rural and those areas still have people that stay with them and the most dominant species is women they are too you need to empower people with technology so that they start to innovate where they are they don't have to move to big cities and this is where the work ever is doing comes in at a very prominent stage to really ensure that there is that triggering of innovation using policy and inclusion of society thanks Vicky thank you we have eight minutes left on this panel and I love how Nomsoul framed us towards like away from the challenges we are super aware of the challenges I have four panelists here who are working tirelessly on bridging those gaps and removing the challenges and tackling that what are successes that you see what are things that you would like to highlight where you would say this is what the other ecosystems can learn and this is where we have succeeded and if I am handing it over to you as Nomsoul started like giving it to you so back to you please what are things that that you would like to highlight the successes the things that are good the things where you would say hey look at this and learn from it and apply it in your country and as practical as possible because we are getting these questions let's say tell me what to do so please So so So so So So So So So So So So So So public and private parties. I'm just going to quickly put an end to public parties because we realized in this work that sometimes ministers also work in silos. And these processes have allowed to have a framework and to create strong committees where we will have state agencies, the Ministry of Digital Economy, the Ministry of Finance, the Directors of the General of the Doors or the Taxes. So also create a co-creation framework in the government and through the private parties themselves. And I will finish just by sharing a point about startups. It is by putting innovation and by connecting them with strong networks such as the Nautre or such as Afrilabs, we allow startups to be able to go to bigger markets because we have to remember that in the case of francophones, our countries are micro-markets and we have to be able to expand on other countries to grow. So it allows us to easily replicate products on other areas and create partnerships between startups themselves. I hope I didn't go too long. Thank you. No, don't worry, thank you very much. But I want to be also mindful of the young entrepreneurs that are coming after us in the session. So if I let's stay with you, please be the first one to give us a tweetable summary of this, maybe even an action point that you take out of this panel. One minute. I think from my side, Vicky, Africa number one, we must be in the forefront of building our own infrastructure, connectivity infrastructure. Secondly, we must propel innovation from the grassroots and we must share and share information so that when we begin to implement the African trade policy, then it's easy for us to work in that unison. Thanks. Wonderful, Namso. Thank you. Who's next? I can go next. So I think for me, I think the first thing that needs to happen and also this goes into what needs, what you can do. Number one, I think governments need to create locally tailored regulatory frameworks. I think it's good to copy other people, but I think the locals understand best what they need. So it has to be inclusive processes for regulatory frameworks. Number two, I think stakeholders within the development and corporate world need to collaborate more so that there's no duplication of efforts so that that resource that they use in current duplication can go into supporting other things. Number three, this continent is of young people. They have to be at the center of this thing. While we understand we need the wisdom of the older generation, but we can also use the strength and power and energy that the young people have to be able to grow. I think a lot of these things that we do in the continent. So make sure in everything that you do, involve the young people. Thank you. Thank you. Ifa, do you want to go next? Absolutely. My question for Twitter would be really that the future must be co-created now with really the youth and African governments. So re-create this strong link. I think that for a long time, the youth has not felt close to its government, on the continent. So it's the right moment to re-create this link. So let's create the future together. Thank you very much. And the last tweet moment goes to Eric, please. My last question is for Claude. I would invite governments in the case of innovation to put in place dynamic infrastructures in the government and the government to really accompany the staff and especially develop the cooperation between the government and all the participants of our innovation ecosystem. Wonderful last words from all of you. And I thank you very, very much for your participation in this panel and for your very wise and very kind words. I think all of you will be good and it will be beautiful and we will create something together and we will co-create and collaborate and get this done. And I am very blessed and very honored to have you all had on this panel. And thank you very much. I hope you will stay in touch. I hope also we answered all the questions from the audience. If not, please feel free to connect this is what the swap card is for and thank you to the audience.