 Hello, welcome everyone. I once again welcome you to my channel, Explore Education. And I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor, Department of Education, S.S. Khanda Galshuri College, University of Palahar and it is my email ID. The topic which I am going to discuss today is Theories of Language Development, Bhasha Vikas Ke Siddhan. And this lecture will be in bilingual mode, beneficial for Hindi as well as English medium student. And this content will be useful for various teaching examinations. And do subscribe my channel if you like my content and what my future videos do. So let's start our topic. First of all, Language Development. Bhasha Ke Vikas. We have read Chomsky's book in detail. And today we will read many things about Bhasha Ke Vikas that many people have said about the development of language. Okay, so first of all, researchers now believe that language acquisition is partially inborn and partially learned through our interactions with our linguistic environment. We have been talking about nature-nurture balance and nature-nurture debate, i.e. when it comes to development, then it is known in the scientific world that this debate is going on whether this development is by nature or by nurture. Is it by nutrition or is it by our speech? Similarly, Bhasha Ke Vikas has also said that nature governs our genetics, governs our speech and our environment is provided by our speech. So this is the result. Now, it is partially inborn and partially learned. The way we talk about nature-nurture balance, the same nature-nurture balance will be useful in language development as well. It is a balanced government of nature as well as nurture. Okay, then language development is a slow process and starts using early childhood allowing children to dress this spoken word and come in the gate. Bhasha Ke Vikas is very quick. He is very quick. We don't say anything today and we say everything tomorrow. It doesn't work like that. And starts and starts are in the early childhood, in the early childhood, in the early childhood, so that the children learn this spoken word, dress it and come in the gate. Okay, so mainly we are going to talk about five theories of language development. B.F. Skinner's behaviorist theory, Chomsky's nativist linguistic theory, Vygotsky's social interactionist theory, Piaget's constructivist theory, and maturation theory of language development. That means B.F. Skinner's behavior. Look, the theory of B.F. Skinner is going to be read first. So the theory of B.F. Skinner, the theory of behaviorism, the theory of behaviorism, which they believe is the same thing that Bhasha Ke Vikas has applied. The importance of Vygotsky's social interaction, the same social interaction is also important for language development. Similarly, Piaget, talks about cognitive development, he also told about language development in his crumb. And maturation theory is not the same, and Chomsky has read it first. So here, just read Chomsky quickly. So the most important thing is B.F. Skinner's behavior. Okay, look at it from the chart. What is the central idea of the theory on propagator? So the behaviorist's central idea is that children imitate adults. The children imitate the adults. Their correct utterances are reinforced when they get what they want or are praised. That means their correct utterances, when they say something right, if they say something right, then the adults either pressurize them or they reinforce them, give them chocolate, give them some gifts. So they go to see if they are right. And who is saying this? In nativeness or nativistic theory, Chomsky says that a child's brain contains a special language learning mechanism. I have read it before. So what does Chomsky say? When a child is born, he is pre-wired. His brain teaches language learning mechanism. And he says that every language, like universal grammar, means all the languages in the world are the same. That is why a child can learn any language. Ok, this is Chomsky's idea. The theorist and P.A.J. say that language is just one aspect of child's overall intellectual element. Because he mainly talks about intellectual elements. He says that the development of the language is one aspect of the child's overall development. And the theorist believes in interaction. Social interaction. So P.A.J. uses social interaction in the theory. The same thing applies to the social interaction of Y.Gorks. Social interaction is also important. Or he says that it is more important than one's own experience. This theory emphasizes the interactions between children and their caregivers. That is, the interrelations between the child's parents, the teacher, the parent, the parent, the caregiver. The interrelations between them are more important in the development. Ok, so this is a theory of Tullinatma. Then the theorist starts. What does the theorist say? Because the most straightforward explanation of language development. The most straightforward explanation of language development. The most straightforward explanation of language development. What does the theorist say? It refers to the principles of learning. That is, the rules of the law are the same. The language is being developed. Including association and reinforcement. That is, the principles of learning are the same. This theory suggests that learning a language is much like learning a new skill. He says that learning a language is the same as learning a new skill. So how does the theorist tell us how to learn? From observations, we do imitation, imitation, repeat teaching, errors and then we get rewards and punishment. That is, sorry. Either we get rewards or punishment. According to which we have worked. Bandura also says that social learning theory is based on observation. He says that Bandura describes the importance of observation and imitation of others in learning language. So Bandura is also a behaviorist. Ok, means behaviorist is also an input in the theory. So what is the behavior of B.F. Skinner? That learning a language is like learning a new skill. We can also learn it from observation and imitation. Then what he says is that learning a language is a behavior. That is, learning a language is a behavior. Then maybe they are trying to imitate the behavior of their parents and adults. He says that when a child learns to speak, then what does he do? He makes the words of his mother, father, mother-in-law uncomfortable. And when he speaks well, he gives it to him in the link. And he learns to speak. This is the behaviorist. This is what he has applied to the language development. Then, however language cannot be entirely learned. Now this is what is coming. What is criticism? You can also assume that the language cannot be fully learned. How? Other evidence that refutes the idea that all languages learn through experience comes from the observation that children may learn languages better than they ever hear them. Means, we are also learning that language. We have never heard of that language. We also learn that language. Apart from that, the deaf kids who cannot hear, they also speak it. So, how do they speak it? When they hear it, they say that we have to learn everything by hearing it. So, that's why the conclusion that comes after that is that it is partially inborn and partially learned in the language level. Similarly, Chomsky was a very big expert in behaviorist behavior. He said that he claims that it does not address syntactic acquisition. He says that syntactic acquisition also does not talk about it. That's why it is not very good. But we know that we learn it by hearing it. We cannot ignore it in any way. Then Chomsky. Chomsky has read it. Chomsky is a behaviorist with a nature-approachable language. Whereas, a behaviorist has a nature-approachable language. What does this mean? That human brain contains a language acquisition device. He says that no, no. Man is born with a language acquisition device that includes universal grammar and underlies all human languages. That includes a universal grammar and underlies all human languages. Then Chomsky's account proposes that children are born with the knowledge of general rules of syntax. That it or not, how sentence are constructed. He says that children are born with the knowledge of general rules of syntax. The general rules of syntax are born with the knowledge of syntax. He knows that he can understand how to implement it. He has observed that all children make the same type of languages regardless of the languages they are born with. Chomsky has done this behavior. Children can learn any language. Any language. He teaches the language in a similar way. He also says that all languages have a universal grammar. Then language develops as long as the infant is exposed to. As soon as you approach the language, the infant will be exposed to the language. No teaching, training or reinforcement is required for language to develop. He is proposed by a skiller. He says that you don't need to study. You don't need to be educated. You don't need any skill. Just like the skiller says. Then words noting. How did it come to be? Words noting. Chomsky's LED is from the hypothetical one. The first thing is that this concept is an insult. There is no brain reason to recognize it as a neuroscientist. Neuroscientists are doing so much work. The brain is very structured. We are clear here. But there is no structure in the brain. Neuroscientists have said that this is a language acquisition device. Then why God's? We know that why God's is a social construction. It is not in social construction. The same thing applied to it. The basic notion of this theory is that language is a social object. It is the social component of the language. No one has said the social component yet. This concept suggests that the child from birth is continually engaging in social interactions which allows him to develop higher cognitive functions namely language and thought. He says that when a child is born he is living in a social environment. His parents are going to love him. They are going to support him. They are going to care for him. They are going to take care of him. Then he learns cognitive functions from this. Language is a cognitive development. Language and thought learn from social interactions. This is why God's theory. When the child says that first we develop cognitive functions then language is developed. This is a little different between the two. Then according to this model sociocultural interactions come first then cognitive language. It is said that first What is the ZPD? The ZPD is a level of development obtained when children engage in social interactions. It is the distance between a child's potential to learn and the actual learning that takes place. The ZPD is that if you teach a child without social interaction, then what will be the level of learning? And what happens when he learns with someone? When someone learns with someone, then the distance between the child and the child is called the zone of proximal development. The ZPD is called HEN. Then PRJ is Constructivist HEN. It is said that language development is not only due to genetic predisposition or imitation. It is said that there is no genetic predisposition or imitation. Language development is not only due to artificial intelligence or imitation. This theory suggests that children use both assimilation and accommodation to learn. Those who have studied cognitive development know that they use these two terms assimilation and accommodation. So, assimilation is the process of changing one's environment to place information into an already existing scheme. If we don't know anything, then we assimilate the process of changing one's environment. We change the environment so that the scheme fits into it. The scheme means an idea and a mental idea, a mental image. And accommodation is the process of changing one's scheme to adapt to the new environment. Accommodation is that we have to change the scheme. We have to change the idea to fit into the previous idea which is taken, which is shaped in our mind. In our mind, the scheme set first, we have to change the new scheme a little bit. We have to change the idea so that we can accommodate it. Accommodation also means that we become stable. We have to establish a consensus. Then this theory argues that language is controlled by following cognitive development. It is said that language is controlled by following cognitive development. It is said that the child's knowledge is controlled by following cognitive development. Then it is said that language is controlled by following cognitive development. In other words, people develop their language skills and construct overall language based on their own experience. It is said that the child is not able to speak only when he has an idea, knowledge, an idea or a scheme. The child doesn't have to learn the language before that. Children first create mental structures within the mind. The child has to create a mental structure within the mind. And from these schemas, language development is done. And when a scheme is formed, it is called according to it. So, we have said the same thing, but a little bit more in terms of our theory. So, we have to pay attention to this. Then the maturation theory of language development is the biggest because it is given by the pediatrician. The pediatrician is not a psychologist. The pediatrician, Dr. Arnold J.S.L. introduced the maturation theory of child development in 1985. The maturation theory of child development in 1985 is given by the pediatrician. This theory focuses on how genetics influence development and other behavior. So, we are talking about genetics, but we are not talking about choice. It is said that our genetics is our genetic make-up. That is what focuses our development. That is what influences our development. For example, human skills, adaptive skills, motor skills and language development. Language develop and unfold naturally based on our biological make-up. This is called unfold. Unfolding is done. As our biological make-up is made up, as we are matured, as the child will grow up, as the motor development, language development. This is unfolded. As I found this in the investigation on children's physiological development, it is called maturation. As the physiological development is done, it is matured and the language development will also take place. Based on this, our genetics will be based on this. He proposed that language development might come between ages 40 and 5. That means, between 40 and 5 years, the child will be able to speak. Okay, so how many years have we studied? We have studied the behavior of the children. What is he saying? He says that the child learns from the behavior of the child. His parents say that if the child learns from the behavior of the child, the child will learn from the behavior of the child. He says that there is no need for him to do any behavior of the child. You don't have to give the teaching training. You don't have to do anything. The child has been born. With that behavior, the child will learn from the language acquisition devices. You don't have to do anything. He learns by himself. So, what does the P.R.J. say? What does the P.R.J. say? What does the P.R.J. say? What does the P.R.J. say? Social interaction is the most important thing. Social interaction is the most important thing. We need to talk about ZPD. What does the P.R.J. say? P.R.J. says that first there will be a community development, then when will there be a language development? There is a need to become a schema. How will the schema be made? Accimulation, accommodation. And like you have the common knowledge, that there is an un-folding of the language development, the physiological development and it depends on the genetic and biological makeup. Okay, so I have covered a very important topic in psychology. psychology, psychology of learner that is language development. I have covered overall various theories of language development and the one theory which is most prominent in language development that is Rome-Consi theory I have covered it earlier separate basis on separate basis okay. So go through all the videos and learn okay done from my side. Join my Kedivam group too like and subscribe my channel too okay done