 This study examined the presence of Foxp3, a master regulator of t-regulatory cells and renal biopsies of patients with lupus nephritis. The results showed that Foxp3 expression was higher in patients with proliferative lupus nephritis compared to those with non-proliferative lupus nephritis. Additionally, Foxp3 expression was found to be positively correlated with NIH activity and chronicity indices as well as serum creatinine and prognuria in both groups. These findings suggest that Foxp3 may play a role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and could potentially serve as a marker for disease activity and severity. This article was offered by Marwa M. Shakweir, Mahabihari, Nadia G. L. Hefnui and others.